issue 99,argument 34,99的 提纲

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Issue 99
In any realm of life-whether academic, social, business, or political
-the only way to succeed is to take a practical, rather than an idealistic
, point of vies. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas idealistic
views tend to be superseded by simpler, more immediate options. 【99】
大部分肯定
1．        现实的观点是从实际出发的，对指引行动有切实效果。如马列主义和乌托邦的区别，前者是从实际中总结的，因此在十月革命中被检验为正确的。后者不可行。
2．        证明实用的行为确实可以确保生存。
3．        理论化的观点当然也能对人们起到激励作用，推进作用。

Argument 34
Milk and dairy products are rich in vitamin D and calcium, substances essential for building and maintaining bones. Many people therefore believe that a diet rich in dairy products can help prevent osteoporosis, a disease in which the bones weaken significantly with age and that is linked to both environmental and genetic factors. But a long-term study of a large number of people has found that those who have consistently consumed dairy products throughout the years of the study have a higher rate of bone fractures than any other participants in the study. Since bone fractures are a symptom of osteoporosis, this study result shows that a diet rich in dairy products may actually increase, rather than decrease, the risk of osteoporosis. 【34】
1.        The most important thing to build and maintain bones seems to be the vitamin D and calcium could be absorbed.
2.        Osteoporosis is caused by many factors, such as age, environmental and genetic factors. Milk and dairy product can only help prevent osteoporoses from aging.
3.        bone fracture is just one symptom of osteoporosis, is not due to the osteoporosis

Argument 99
The following appeared in a memo from the economic minister of the small country Paucia. 【99】
"Using a newly developed variety of seed, farmers in our neighboring country Abundia produced 80 percent more rice last year than in any previous year. To increase the income of farmers in our own country, we should encourage them to cultivate this new variety of rice rather than some of their traditional crops. Such high yields of rice will also improve our country's balance of trade by enabling us to begin exporting it."
1. 两个国家情况不同，在Abundia可以提高产量不一定在Paucia可以同样提高产量
2．没有足够的证据证明新的大米品种可以增加农民收入，因为新大米的销售受多种因素影响，且农民收入增加还受国家政策等影响
3．贸易平衡受多种因素影响，不仅是高产就可以促进出口，实现平衡。出口除了产量还靠质量，市场需求，和价格因素