argument39,129,151,238 issue 168,180 fly aw小组提纲

honeyviolaUID: 2199703

issue 168,180
"Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field." 1
1．来自不同领域的专家的批评性判断对学术发展有促进作用。因为知识是相互联系的。比如，研究数学，对经济学的发展也有影响。因为经济学的模型需要数学为基础。
2．专家的评价不应就是最有价值的。因为来自普通大众的也很有价值。学术成果被转化并被大众使用，才是有价值的学术。
3．当然，某一领域的专家的判断为人们提供对事物的基本了解。毕竟，专家的在此领域的知识丰富。
argument 39,129,151,238
"The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people."
1．肯定地说，全体人民的福利确实可以证明一个富强的国家。因为只有国家富强，人民才有可能得到应有的保障，才能解决温饱问题，实现小康，才能有财力对人民生活中的各方面的困难解决。
2．但如果统治者不强大，就很能遭受侵略，国家很难实现富强。
3．如果没有艺术家、科学家对社会的贡献，对社会发展的推动，很难提高国家的竞争力，实现富强。

The following appeared in a memorandum from the president of Humana College. 【39】
"Last year the number of students who enrolled in long-distance degree programs at Omni University increased by 50%. During the same year, Omni showed a significant decrease from prior years in expenditures for dormitory and classroom space, most likely because instruction in the long-distance programs takes place via interactive video computer connections. In contrast, over the past three years, enrollment at Humana College has diminished and costs of maintaining buildings have risen. Thus, to increase enrollment and solve the problem of budget deficits at Humana College, we should initiate and actively promote long-distance degree programs like those at Omni."
1．即使H采取了O的方法，也不一定增加了学生，导致H学院入学率低的原因不是简单采用L课程就能解决的，因而不能解决问题。
2．O宿舍和教室的开支的减少可能是由于其他原因。
3．H 的房屋维护费用可以用其他方法解决

The following appeared in a memorandum from the president of Mira Vista College to the college's board of trustees. 【238】
"At nearby Green Mountain College, which has more business courses and more job counselors than does Mira Vista College, 90 percent of last year's graduating seniors had job offers from prospective employers. But at Mira Vista College last year, only 70 percent of the seniors who informed the placement office that they would be seeking employment had found full-time jobs within three months after graduation, and only half of these graduates were employed in their major field of study. To help Mira Vista's graduates find employment, we must offer more courses in business and computer technology and hire additional job counselors to help students with their resumès and interviewing skills."
1．G没有说是否是全职。
2．G也没有表明是在本专业就业的。
3．即使M开展了商业和计算机及就业顾问，不一定会提高就业水平，两者学生情况不同。比如，专业不同。
The following appeared in the Sherwood Times newspaper. 【129】
"A recent study reported that pet owners have longer, healthier lives on average than do people who own no pets. Specifically, dog owners tend to have a lower incidence of heart disease. In light of these findings, Sherwood Hospital should form a partnership with Sherwood Animal Shelter to institute an 'adopt-a-dog' program. The program would encourage dog ownership for patients recovering from heart disease, which will help reduce medical costs by reducing the number of these patients needing ongoing treatment. In addition, the publicity about the program will encourage more people to adopt pets from the shelter, which will reduce the risk of heart disease in the general population."
1．研究的可靠性，样本的代表性。
2．收养狗的计划并不一定会对心脏病患者有好处，照顾宠物花精力还有宠物的叫声干扰病人。
3．患心脏病的危险和养宠物没有必然的联系。
4．发病率并不代表恢复率。
The following is a letter to the editor of the Atticus City newspaper. 【151】
"Former Mayor Durant owes an apology to the city of Atticus. Both the damage to the River Bridge, which connects Atticus to Hartley, and the traffic problems we have long experienced on the bridge were actually caused 20 years ago by Durant. After all, he is the one who approved the construction of the bridge. If he had approved a wider and better-designed bridge, on which approximately the same amount of public money would have been spent, none of the damage or problems would have occurred. Instead, the River Bridge has deteriorated far more rapidly over the past 20 years than has the much longer Derby Bridge up the river. Even though the winters have been severe in the past several years, this is no excuse for the negligence and wastefulness of Durant."
1．20年前和现在情况不同。
2．设计再好的桥随着时间，经济发展都会出现问题的。
3．两座桥缺乏可比性。