issue121 fly aw 第三周第一次作业

风中尘埃UID: 164965

WORDS: 402          TIME: 0:50:00          DATE: 2006-5-31


Basically, I agree with the statement so far as it was in the geological past, when species are vanishing as a result of natural rather than man. But unfortunately, most of the people feel that contemporary environment is more anthropological than natural. What if it is human behavior that lead the extinction of many species today? Then there is certain justification for society endeavors to save the endangered ones.

What Darwin had taught us can be abstracted as evolution, which mean the more suitable the species is, the more possible it would survival even prosperous. As to the endangered ones, logically, if not affected by human, they may destined to vanish.  Like dinosaurs, which had once ruled the whole earth, finally died out for the unfitness of the changed environment. Without this progress of evolution, without the extinction of dinosaurs--to some extent, there would be no human being at all. Every life has its own routes which finally lead to eternal peace, as we can not imagine a world in which people never die, we also can not imagine one where species never vanish. To respect the power of natural laws, we should not to make extraordinary efforts to alter their faith especially at a great cost.

However, as mentioned in the beginning, it is very possible that human have caused the loss of this great biological fortune. In an analysis, scientist claim that there will be no more than 100 species in a year that extinct only for the sake of natural. As a comparison, the annual number of extinct species is more than a thousand! This adequately prove that human play an significant role in this dieing out progress. Like the over exploit of the wildlife, over destroyed environments, both of them lead to a sharp diminishing number of species.

To compensate our faults and make efforts to save the endangered species, is not only for the feeling of humanity, is also for the interest of our human beings. Some animals has irreplaceable value for human, from the panda who is called the living fossil, to some great plants that can cure serious disease. Protecting them are also helping our own. Besides, there is big risk existing in the world, one could never know what will happen in the next century. To offer human more possibilities to overcome the difficulty, keeping the environment various is better than monotony.

查了一些资料，但限时的缘故，没太用上，以为参考：
生物多样性是人类赖以生存的物质基础，是自然界赋予人类的一笔巨大的资源和财富。它的价值可以归纳为三大类：第一直接价值。从生物多样性的野生和驯化的组分中，人类得到了所需的全部食物、许多药物和工业原料，同时，它在娱乐和旅游中也起着重要作用。第二间接价值。主要表现在固定太阳能、调节水文过程、防止水土流失、调节气候、吸收和分解污染物、贮存营养元素并促进养分循环和维持进化过程等7个方面。第三潜在价值。随着时间的推移，生物多样性的最大价值可能在于为人类提供适应当地和全球变化的机会，生物多样性的未知潜力为人类的生存与发展展示了不可估量的美好前景。

                        自从生命第一次出现，生命的灭绝就已经是一种正常的自然过程。现在地球上的物种是估计曾生存的几十亿个物种的现代幸存者。对于大多数生物类群来说，一个物种的平均寿命为100万年—1000万年。按5000万物种来计算，每年约只有5—50个物种可能消失。然而在现存的1000万到3000万物种中，有约130万到150万物种面临生存危机，据美国哈佛大学生物学家爱德华·威尔逊估计，世界上每年至少有5万种物种灭绝，平均每天灭绝的物种达140个，并且这种灭绝仍存在着明显的加速趋势。通过调查了解到，一万年来，哺乳动物和鸟类的平均灭绝速度已大约增加了1000倍。就我国而言，生物多样性丧失的威胁也是显而易见的，估计有5000种植物在近几年内处于濒危状态，占中国高等植物总数的20%，大约398种脊椎动物濒危，占中国脊椎动物总数的7.7%左右。

Causes of Endangerment
           
           
              Habitat Destruction        Introduction of Exotic Species
                 Overexploitation                        More Factors
          When discussing the causes of endangerment, it is important to
          understand that individual species are not the only factors involved
          in this dilemma. Endangerment is a broad issue, one that involves the
          habitats and environments where species live and interact with one
          another. Although some measures are being taken to help specific cases
          of endangerment, the universal problem cannot be solved until humans
          protect the natural environments where endangered species dwell.
          There are many reasons why a particular species may become endangered.
          Although these factors can be analyzed and grouped, there are many
          causes that appear repeatedly. Below are several factors leading to
          endangerment:
          Habitat Destruction
          Our planet is continually changing, causing habitats to be altered and
          modified. Natural changes tend to occur at a gradual pace, usually
          causing only a slight impact on individual species. However, when
          changes occur at a fast pace, there is little or no time for
          individual species to react and adjust to new circumstances. This can
          create disastrous results, and for this reason, rapid habitat loss is
          the primary cause of species endangerment. The strongest forces in
          rapid habitat loss are human beings. Nearly every region of the earth
          has been affected by human activity, particularly during this past
          century. The loss of microbes in soils that formerly supported
          tropical forests, the extinction of fish and various aquatic species
          in polluted habitats, and changes in global climate brought about by
          the release of greenhouse gases are all results of human activity.
          It can be difficult for an individual to recognize the effects that
          humans have had on specific species. It is hard to identify or predict
          human effects on individual species and habitats, especially during a
          human lifetime. But it is quite apparent that human activity has
          greatly contributed to species endangerment. For example, although
          tropical forests may look as though they are lush, they are actually
          highly susceptible to destruction. This is because the soils in which
          they grow are lacking in nutrients. It may take Centuries to re-grow a
          forest that was cut down by humans or destroyed by fire, and many of
          the world's severely threatened animals and plants live in these
          forests. If the current rate of forest loss continues, huge quantities
          of plant and animal species will disappear.
          Introduction of Exotic Species
          Native species are those plants and animals that are part of a
          specific geographic area, and have ordinarily been a part of that
          particular biological landscape for a lengthy period of time. They are
          well adapted to their local environment and are accustomed to the
          presence of other native species within the same general habitat.
          Exotic species, however, are interlopers. These species are introduced
          into new environments by way of human activities, either intentionally
          or accidentally. These interlopers are viewed by the native species as
          foreign elements. They may cause no obvious problems and may eventual
          be considered as natural as any native species in the habitat.
          However, exotic species may also seriously disrupt delicate ecological
          balances and may produce a plethora of unintended yet harmful
          consequences.
          The worst of these unintended yet harmful consequences arise when
          introduced exotic species put native species in jeopardy by preying on
          them. This can alter the natural habitat and can cause a greater
          competition for food. Species have been biologically introduced to
          environments all over the world, and the most destructive effects have
          occurred on islands. Introduced insects, rats, pigs, cats, and other
          foreign species have actually caused the endangerment and extinction
          of hundreds of species during the past five centuries. Exotic species
          are certainly a factor leading to endangerment.
          Overexploitation
          A species that faces overexploitation is one that may become severely
          endangered or even extinct due to the rate in which the species is
          being used. Unrestricted whaling during the 20th century is an example
          of overexploitation, and the whaling industry brought many species of
          whales to extremely low population sizes. When several whale species
          were nearly extinct, a number of nations (including the United States)
          agreed to abide by an international moratorium on whaling. Due to this
          moratorium, some whale species, such as the grey whale, have made
          remarkable comebacks, while others remain threatened or endangered.
          Due to the trade in animal parts, many species continue to suffer high
          rates of exploitation. Even today, there are demands for items such as
          rhino horns and tiger bones in several areas of Asia. It is here that
          there exists a strong market for traditional medicines made from these
          animal parts.
          More Factors
          Disease, pollution, and limited distribution are more factors that
          threaten various plant and animal species. If a species does not have
          the natural genetic protection against particular pathogens, an
          introduced disease can have severe effects on that specie. For
          example, rabies and canine distemper viruses are presently destroying
          carnivore populations in East Africa. Domestic animals often transmit
          the diseases that affect wild populations, demonstrating again how
          human activities lie at the root of most causes of endangerment.
          Pollution has seriously affected multiple terrestrial and aquatic
          species, and limited distributions are frequently a consequence of
          other threats; populations confined to few small areas due to of
          habitat loss, for example, may be disastrously affected by random
          factors.
哪天再改改

honeyviolaUID: 2199703

思路挺简单，清楚的，就是内容再丰富些就好了。澄清的例子举的挺丰富的，值得咱们学习

[ 本帖最后由 honeyviola 于 2006-5-31 02:13 编辑 ]

kckUID: 2214868

Basically, I agree with the statement so far as it was in the geological past, when species are [were]vanishing as a result of natural[这里该是个名词吧加个：process] rather than man[这里可以相应的effect]. But unfortunately, most[ of the不要] people feel that contemporary environment is more anthropological than natura[更加人类上的or自然的？感觉不太恰当]. What if it is human behavior that lead the extinction of many species today[这句没大看明白。。去掉what if?]? Then there is certain justification for [society endeavors ?努力去拯救，，是否该改为付出努力去拯救  our to make efforts] to save the endangered ones.

What Darwin had taught us can be abstracted as evolution, which mean[that]the more suitable the species is, the more possible it would survival ,even[become] prosperous. As to the endangered ones, logically, if not affected by human, they may destined to vanish.  Like dinosaurs, which had once ruled the whole earth, finally died out for [the ….their?] unfitness of[这里是用to还是of呢？] the changed environment. Without this progress of evolution, without the extinction of dinosaurs--to some extent, there would be no human being at all. Every life has its own routes which finally lead to eternal peace, as we can not imagine a world in which people never die, we also can not imagine one where species never vanish. To respect the power of natural laws, we should not to make extraordinary efforts to alter their faith especially at a great cost.[感觉这段里面后半部分有点混乱，特别是那句关于恐龙灭绝和人类出现的关系，感觉有点干扰论证的思路。]

However, as mentioned in the beginning, it is very possible that human have caused the loss of this great biological fortune. In an analysis, scientist[]scientists] claim that there will be no more than 100 species in a year that extinct only for the sake of natural. As a comparison, the annual number of extinct species is more than a thousand! This adequately prove that human play[have played?] an significant role in this dieing out progress. Like the over exploit of the wildlife, over destroyed environments, both of them lead to a sharp diminishing number of species. [感觉这段可以再展开论述点。。多举举例子，而且这一段是不是没写完？可以在例子后面总结个一两句]

To compensate our faults and make efforts to save the endangered species, is not only for the feeling of humanity, is also for the interest of our human beings. Some animals has[have] irreplaceable value [values]for human.[We can see this easily] from the panda who [which]is called the living fossil, to some great plants that can cure serious disease. Protecting them are[is] also helping our own. [为什么是保护自己呢？没论证呀，直接就给了这样一句，缺乏说明]Besides, there is big risk existing in the world, one could never know what will happen in the next century. To offer human more possibilities to overcome the difficulty, keeping the environment various is better than monotony.
[可能是限时限制了你的发挥吧，文章里语法错误比较多，而且更重要的一点是有些观点只是匆匆提到了，而没有继续展开论述。我觉得AW重要的不是面面俱到，而是使用各种论证方法把自己的一些关点论证充分，从范文中我们也可以发现这点。而什么样的论证才叫充分了呢？我觉得要是让看的人觉得你说的有道理，事实好象是那么一回事情，那论证就差不多了。我最近也在多学习范文，学习怎么论证，怎么展开。目前写出来的东西也不成样子啊。不过我想只要我们多下工夫，一定能有很大提高的。加油！]