Argument168 [黄金十二宫巨蟹座]第五次作业

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ARGUMENT168
Typically, as people age, their bone mass decreases, making them more vulnerable to bone fractures. A recent study concludes that the most effective way to reduce the risk of fractures in later life is to take twice the recommended dose of vitamin D and calcium daily. The three-year study followed a group of French women in their eighties who were nursing-home residents. The women were given daily supplements of twice the recommended dose of vitamin D and calcium. In addition, the women participated in a light weightlifting program. After three years, these women showed a much lower rate of hip fractures than is average for their age.
       
Study即对照试验的条件  试验对象身体条件有差异、不能代表所有人，试验条件应相同（除了控制的变量外），但文章没提
不能排除举重的可能性的干扰
没和其他方法比较，只是加倍前与加倍后的比较

The author concludes that the most effective way to reduce the risk of fractures in later life is to take twice the recommended dose of vitamin D and calcium daily. To support the conclusion, a three-year study followed a group of French women in their eighties who were nursing-home residents were cited. The women were given daily supplements of twice the recommended dose of vitamin D and calcium. In addition, the women participated in a light weightlifting program. After three years, these women showed a much lower rate of hip fractures than is average for their age. However, with a number of critical flows, the conclusion is not warranted enough.

First, as for a study, the author overlooks other explications, that is to say, in order to ensure the result to be convincing, the samples should be representative enough to reflect the general attitude for all workers as a whole in the same preconditions, such as the average level of physical state, the daily diet, the location where they stay, or the medical treatment. For instant, the group of French women may stronger and be less susceptible to bone loss than other people are, due perhaps to genetic predisposition, as well as the cultural diet habits. The group of French women in their eighties, cannot, too, represent all elderly people, men and women, not only in their eighties, and as nursing-home residents, perhaps more provided safeguard or special preventing treatment will be available to them.

Secondly, without the exclusion of the light weightlifting program participated by the group of women, the author fails to claim that it is the most effective way that to take twice the recommended dose of vitamin D and calcium daily to reduce the risk of fractures in people’s later life. For it is entirely possible that the weight training, not the supplement, was responsible for preserving bone mass. Also, the weightlifting program is known to improve muscular strength, coordination and flexibility, which might reduce the likelihood of fractures caused by accident injury. Hence, the weightlifting program counteracts the effect of the double recommended dose of vitamin D and calcium daily in decreasing the risk of fractures of aged people.

Moreover, the author ignores to take into account other methods in addition to daily supplements of twice the recommended dose of vitamin D, for example, other dosage perhaps three times the recommended dosage, or perhaps, other medicines or training would, even more, reduce the risk of fractures. Thus, without ruling out these possibilities, the claim cannot convince me that only twice the recommended dose of vitamin D and calcium can provides the optimal reduction of risk.

In sum, unless the author can make sure the principal part, that is the samples, in the study can entirely representative, the elimination of different preconditions of French women from the average as well as other means or other dosages that might reduce the risk of fractures more effective, e explanations for the comparatively low incidence of fractures among the group of French women, the arguer’s concern about these issues is unfounded.

[ 本帖最后由 yewaky 于 2006-6-3 07:37 编辑 ]