argument26 Ares战队第一次作业(by victor)

victorduguUID: 2176422

26.The following appeared in a memo from the chairperson of the school board in the town of Saluda.

"For the past five years, Mr. Charles Schade has been the music director at Steel City High School, and during that time the school band from Steel City High has won three regional band competitions. In addition, the quality of the music rehearsal facilities and musical instruments at Steel City High has improved markedly over the past five years. Because of such successes at Steel City High, the Saluda school board should hire Mr. Schade to plan and direct the general music education programs for the entire Saluda school system."



1)        没有证据表明Steel City High School的乐队在过去五年一定取得了进步。
2)        即使band确实取得了进步和成功，也没有充分的证据表明这是Mr. Schade的功劳。同时，设施的改进跟Mr Schade也没有必然的联系。
3)        即使Mr. Schade在Steel City High School取得了成功，也不代表他也能在Saluda school取得成功。


Merely based on the unfounded and dubious evidence, the author draws the conclusion that Saluda school should hire Mr.Schade to plan and direct the general music education programs. To substantiate his conclusion, the arguer indicates that the school band of Steel City High School has been successful in the last five years and attributes the achievement to Mr. Charles as the music director of the school. Furthermore, he points out that Mr. Schade is responsible for the improvement of the music rehearsal facilities and musical instrument at the Steel City High School. In addition, he assumes that if Mr. Schade can come to Saluda school and direct the general music education programs, he will also succeed in Saluda school. At first glance, this argument appears to be somewhat convincing, but further reflection reveals that it omits some substantial concerns that should be addressed in this statement.

To begin with, the author falsely depends on gratuitous assumption that the school band from Steel City High has made great progress during that time when Mr. Charles was the music director at Steel City High School. To justify this assumption, the author states that the school band has won three regional band competitions for the past five years. However, this can not convince me that the school band has made considerable progress because the author does not provide additional information about how the school band had performed in the regional band competitions before Mr. Schade took charge of the music director. Perhaps the band's performance has always been excellent, or even has won more times before he came. In this occasion, no progress has been made or even the performance has been degraded during the past five years.

Another problem with the argument is that even assuming that the performance of the school band did advance considerably, there is no obvious evidence to support that it is Mr. Schade who is responsible for the success of the school band. It is entirely possible that some one else, for example his assistant, has played the key role in selecting the right members for the band and organizing the band. It is equally possible that there is always an excellent member in the band and it was his outstanding performance that led to the entire band's success. Lacking evidence that links the improvement of the school band of Steel City High School to Mr Schade's being director of the music director, it is presumptuous to suggest that Mr Schade is responsible for the enhancement of the school band. Similarly, the improvement of the music rehearsal facilities and musical instruments at Steel City High lends no support to the argument. The author fails to establish a connection between this kind of improvement and Mr Schade. It is equally likely that other factors might explain the advancement. For example, an organization, which is enthusiastic in supporting education, has devoted both the music instruments and rehearsal facilities to Saluda school. In this case, the advancement has nothing to do with Mr Schade’s efforts.

Finally, even assuming that the author can substantiate the foregoing two assumptions, he can not draw the conclusion that Mr Schade's great performance in Steel City High school will eventually lead to his success in Saluda school. This analogy falsely depends on the assumption that the conditions, the equipments, the management pattern in both Steel City High school and Saluda system are similar. However, it is entirely possible that the equipments in Saluda system are not as advanced as the ones of Steel City High school. It is also possible that the management pattern in Saluda school is less liberal and will give little freedom for Mr. Schade to carry out his idea. Without ruling out such possible differences, the arguer can not reasonably prove that Mr. Schade will succeed in Saluda school. To strengthen the argument instead of relying on a dubious analogy, the author should provide more evidence perhaps the current condition of the music education and the management pattern in Saluda school.

To sum up, the author fails to substantiate his argument that Saluda school should hire Mr. Schade to plan and direct the general music education programs for the entire Saluda school system, because the evidence cited in the argument do not lend strong support to what the arguer maintains. To make this argument more convincing, the author would have to provide more information with regard to how the school band performed before Mr. Schade took charge of the music director at Steel City high school and the cause-and-effect relationship between Mr. Schade's work and the success of the band and the improvement of the rehearsal facilities and music instruments. Additionally he would have to demonstrate that the conditions, the equipments, and the management pattern of Salula are similar to Steel City High School. Therefore if the argument had included the given factors discussed above, the author's statement would have been more thorough and logically acceptable.  

Time: 2 hours

victorduguUID: 2176422

232.The following appeared in a memo from the sales manager of Eco-Power, a company that manufactures tools and home appliances.

"Many popular radio and television commercials use memorable tunes and song lyrics to call attention to the products being advertised. Indeed, a recent study of high school students showed that 85 percent could easily recognize the tunes used to advertise leading soft drinks and fast-food restaurants. Despite our company's extensive advertising in magazines during the past year, sales of our home appliances declined. Therefore, to boost company profits, we should now switch to advertisements featuring a distinctive song."

1)没有充分理由说明那些流行的电视和广播广告是靠声音来吸引消费者的。可能是其他原因导致了这些广告的成功，比如广告的画面设计很特别，广告请了流行明星来做代言。
2)所做的调查不可信。首先，调查结果虽然有85%, 但是基数不知道。其次，调查的范围仅限于高中生。而且，调查的广告内容仅仅是soft drinks and fast-food restaurants, 而该公司销售的是home applicances, 因此不具代表性。
3)作者无理地断定要提高利益，必须在广告中加入独特的声音。首先，公司产品的下降并不一定是广告的失败所导致的，比如公司的产品本身不符合市场需求，公司的管理出现了问题，或是当前整个市场不景气。而且，即使公司产品销售下降是由广告导致的，也不一定就能由在广告中加入独特的歌曲来解决。而应该在广告的画面，或是请一些名人来代言，效果会更好。

141.The following appeared in a newsletter distributed at a recent political rally.

"Over the past year, the Consolidated Copper Company (CCC) has purchased over one million square miles of land in the tropical nation of West Fredonia. Mining copper on this land will inevitably result in pollution and environmental disaster, since West Fredonia is home to several endangered animal species. But such disaster can be prevented if consumers simply refuse to purchase products that are made with CCC's copper until the company abandons its mining plans."

1)作者无理地假设CCC在WF所买的地是用来开采铜矿。作者的根据仅仅是因为CCC是一家制造铜公司。也有可能CCC购买这块土地是用来作其他的用途，比如这家公司要拓展新的方向，因此需要厂房，或者这家公司是要涉足房地产。作者不能排除这些可能性，因此假设是无理的。
2)即使CCC的确要在这块购买的土地上开采铜矿，也没有足够的证据说明一定会产生环境灾难。很有可能CCC采取了有力的防止污染的措施，因而可以减少甚至消除可能带来的生态破坏。而且作为当地政府，他们在批准时，肯定会考虑这方面的问题，有可能与CCC签定条约以保证不受污染。
3)即使CCC在WF开采铜矿会造成环境环染，作者也没有证据表明仅仅通过让消费者拒绝购买由他们生产的铜制成的产品，就能够防止这场灾难。因为首先并不是所有的消费者都是环境保护主义者，所以他们不会拒绝购买。而且也没有证据表明，只是因为用户拒绝购买由他们公司的铜制成的产品CCC会立即放弃开采计划，因而环境灾难仍是不可避免的。

为了justify这种推断，作者应该提供更多的信息，包括CCC要在这块地上开采铜矿，是否采取了防止环染的措施，以及CCC对于用户的拒买行为所采取的态度等等。

renliyunUID: 2209571

Merely based on the unfounded and dubious evidence, the author draws the conclusion that Saluda school should hire Mr.Schade to plan and direct the general music education programs. To substantiate his conclusion, the arguer indicates that the school band of Steel City High School has been successful in the last five years and attributes the achievement to Mr. Charles as the music director of the school. Furthermore, he points out that Mr. Schade is responsible for the improvement of the music rehearsal facilities and musical instrument at the Steel City High School. In addition, he assumes that if Mr. Schade can come to Saluda school and direct the general music education programs, he will also succeed in Saluda school. At (the) first glance, this argument appears to be somewhat convincing, but further reflection reveals that it omits some substantial concerns that should be addressed in this statement.
(我觉得语言很好，很多词用的不错哦)To begin with, the author falsely depends on gratuitous assumption that the school band from Steel City High has made great progress during that time when Mr. Charles was the music director at Steel City High School. To justify this assumption, the author states that the school band has won three regional band competitions for the past five years. However, this can not convince me that the school band has made considerable progress because the author does not provide additional information about how the school band had performed in the regional band competitions before Mr. Schade took charge of the music director. Perhaps the band's performance has always been excellent, or even has won has won （好象该用won啊） more times（可以省了） before he came. In this occasion, no progress has been made or even the performance has been degrade （degrade 表示humiliate的意思用retrograded）during the past five years. （论证很有力啊）
Another problem with the argument is that even assuming that the performance of the school band did advance considerably, there is no obvious evidence to support that it is Mr. Schade who is responsible for the success of the school band. It is entirely possible that some one else, for example his assistant, has played the key role in selecting the right members for the band and organizing the band. It is equally possible that there is always an excellent member in the band and it was his outstanding performance that led to the entire band's success. Lacking evidence that links the improvement of the school band of Steel City High School to Mr Schade's being （the）director of the music director, it is presumptuous to suggest that Mr Schade is responsible for the enhancement of the school band. Similarly, the improvement of the music rehearsal facilities and musical instruments at Steel City High lends no support to the argument. The author fails to establish a connection between this kind of improvement and Mr Schade. It is equally likely that other factors might explain the advancement. For example, an organization, which is enthusiastic in supporting education, has devoted both the music instruments and rehearsal facilities to Saluda school. In this case, the advancement has nothing to do with Mr Schade’s efforts.

Finally, even assuming that the author can substantiate the foregoing two assumptions, he can not draw the conclusion that Mr Schade's great performance in Steel City High school will eventually lead to his success in Saluda school. This analogy falsely depends on the assumption that the conditions, the equipments, the management pattern in both Steel City High school and Saluda system are similar. However, it is entirely possible that the equipments in Saluda system are not as advanced as the ones of Steel City High school. It is also possible that the management pattern in Saluda school is less liberal and will give little freedom for Mr. Schade to carry out his idea. Without ruling out such possible differences, the arguer can not reasonably prove that Mr. Schade will succeed in Saluda school. To strengthen the argument instead of relying on a dubious analogy, the author should provide more evidence perhaps the current condition of the music education and the management pattern in Saluda school.

To sum up, the author fails to substantiate his argument that Saluda school should hire Mr. Schade to plan and direct the general music education programs for the entire Saluda school system, because the evidence cited in the argument do not lend strong support to what the arguer maintains. To make this argument more convincing, the author would have to provide more information with regard to how the school band performed before Mr. Schade took charge of the music director at Steel City high school and the cause-and-effect relationship between Mr. Schade's work and the success of the band and the improvement of the rehearsal facilities and music instruments. Additionally he would have to demonstrate that the conditions, the equipments, and the management pattern of Salula are similar to Steel City High School. Therefore if the argument had included the given factors discussed above, the author's statement would have been more thorough and logically acceptable.  （个人感觉开头和结尾优点长了，不过论证很有逻辑性）

renliyunUID: 2209571

还没怎么看A所以也不太会改见谅了啊