ISSUE36ARES战队第4次作业

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ISSUE36ARES战队第4次作业
36、"The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries."
36． 只有后来人评价前人，而不应该同时代的人相互评价。
提纲
1 The greatness of individuals cannot be appreciated by their contemporaries in large part is due to their outstanding talent and their transcendental intelligence which surpass the common cognition of general public and their peers.
2 Besides, to test the validity of theories, works and ideas of the great individuals need a long time even centuries.
3 In a democratic society, individuals have full free to express their ideas and show their unique talents and characters.
As the Chinese aphorism said that call no man happy until he dies.
体育运动领域：乔丹、阿里
科学领域：
艺术领域：梵高、达芬奇
According to this statement, the author stated that the greatness of a person can only be recognized in retrospect, by those who live after the person. In my view the speaker unfairly generalizes. There are several reasons why I disagree, one of which is that in some areas, especially the sports, greatness is often recognizable in its nascent stages. However, in other areas, particularly the physical sciences, greatness must be tested over time before it can be confirmed. In still other areas, such as arts, the incubation period for greatness varies from case to case.

We do not require a rear-view mirror to recognize artistic greatness--whether in basketball, boxing, or track and field. The reason for this is simple: sports can be judged at face value. There's nothing to be later proved or disproved, affirmed or discredited, or even improved upon or refined by further knowledge or newer technology. History is replete with examples of athletes greatness immediately recognized, then later confirmed. Through the NBA stage, the American recognized Michael Jordan’s greatness, while the people of China immediately recognized his greatness by scare buying the NIKE sports products since he was the prolocutor of NIKE trademark. Muhammad Ali became a best boxer since he was the first man in heavyweight history to win three heavyweight titles.

By contrast, in the sciences it is difficult to identify greatness without the benefit of historical perspective. Any scientific theory might be disproved tomorrow, thereby demoting the theorist's contribution to the status of historical footnote. Or the theory might withstand centuries of rigorous scientific scrutiny. In any event, a theory may or may not serve as a springboard for later advances in theoretical science. A current example involves the ultimate significance of two opposing theories of physics: wave theory and quantum theory. Some theorists now claim that a new so-called "string" theory reconciles the two opposing theories--at least mathematically. Yet "strings" have yet to be confirmed empirically. Only time will tell whether string theory indeed provides the unifying laws that all matter in the universe obeys. In short, the significance of contributions made by theoretical scientists cannot be judged by their contemporaries--only by scientists who follow them.

In the realm of arts, in some cases great achievement is recognizable immediately, while in other cases it is not. Consider on the one hand Van Gogh's painting. His work represents the epitome of expressionism: color, line, and brush stroke are used to express the artist’s emotional response to the subject rather than to describe it accurately. Even Van Gogh could not have predicted the impact his innovations would have on the world’s Postimpressionism and on the modern world. On the other hand, by any measure, Leonardo Da Vinci has made an even greater contribution than Van Gogh; after all, Da Vinci s is largely responsible for influence European art and technology out of the doldrums during the 15 century to Initiating the Italian High Renaissance with paintings that set a new standard for composition and expression of complex emotion. And this contribution is readily recognizable now--as it is happening.
In conclusion, the speaker overlooks many great individuals, particularly in the sports and in arts, whose achievements were broadly recognized as great even during their own time. Nevertheless, other great achievements, especially scientific ones, cannot be confirmed as such without the benefit of historical perspective.

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