Issue87 新手&专家问题（我的第一篇issue，请大家帮我指下方向，感激）

jocelyn_zhengUID: 2223604

TOPIC: ISSUE87 - "In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important discoveries."
WORDS: 891          TIME: 1:36:49（第一次写这个时间实在是让人吐血+绝望）         
DATE: 2006-8-1

我对本论点采取反对态度
论证段的提纲如下：
1。通过对新手在研究领域可能会发生的失败进行分析，指出新手所存在的问题；
2。根据前一段所引发的问题，重新细化本提干中Beginner应该所属的范畴，并结合年轻的Einstein的例子；
3。举例论证支持专家更可能在研究领域取得成功，又补充说明了下专家应该克服并向新手学习的两个因素。

请大家帮我看看全文，多多批评，因为这是我写的第一篇，很希望大家的指导建议，让我在后面的复习中，即时找准方向。谢谢！！！！

As we always be encouraged and inspired by the hundreds of stories which talk about legends that beginners with no fame and reputation in their fields made great discoveries or opened a new door for his fellow scholars which leaded them to a brand new world in their research, these heroes are our idols. However, is beginner is more likely than the expert to make important discoveries? Is these happen in any field of inquiry? As the definition of 'beginner' should not be simplified and misleading, and there are so many diversities among different fields of inquiry(?), I cannot node to these questions.

In many fields, the ability to be creative is emphasis throughout the all the field of inquiry.  In areas like architecture design, physics, mathematics, life biology, thousands of new thoughts help us conquered puzzles and challenges from the natural world, but are these thoughts come from beginners with no or little fundamentally knowledge of the filed? Or, Can we imagine that a architect don't have the ability to draw sketch could make the fabulous design or a student without knowing the Newton's first mechanics rule can find the cause of the black hole? or the supernova of the universe. It is reported that there is a primary school teacher claimed that he had solve the puzzles such as 'Dividing a random angle into three equal parts only by ruler and compasses' which have been proved to be 'cannot be solved' during the studies of thousands years. After a serious investigation of this teacher's solution by experts, the teacher's solution was proved to be wrong for lacking of common knowledge of geometry. "Success is for those who have enough preparation" and "Genius is 1 percent of inspiration and 99 percent of hard-working". No matter how many stories we heard from our childhood, we must know that we cannot expect beginners with no 'preparation' or 'hard-working' to pick up stars from the sky of knowledge in any field of inquiry however creative they would be.

Questions have been put forward us, a clearer and more practical definition of the word 'beginners' should be discussed. Here, It not means that these miracle creating heroes are not experts. Let us investigate the story of Einstein who shocked the field of physics by his theory of Relativity. When the authorities of physics received the academic letter from this unknown little patent clerk in Switzerland patent office, nobody expected to gain any useful information from this letter at the beginning, but after reading and discussion, everybody was dumbfounded at the truth that this young man with no academic education and reputation did make the one of the most important discovery in the history of physics. Can we call Einstein a beginner? As a matter of fact, before he started the research and deducing work for the theory of relativity, he had already mastered many academic theories both in physics and mathematics through his years of hard self-study. He was not a leading or famous expert when he made the discovery, but he've mastered all he need to help him explore in the golden mine of physics. In short, those discovery-making heroes who in our eyes labeled with the name of 'beginner' were actually not beginners at all, they just don't have the reputation and academic position, but they have already have their steady foundation of academic studies of their fields.

On the other hand, through the figures given by the Nation's Science Academy, the statictics shows that most of the discoveries in the field of inquiry were made by the experts who have spent most of their lives in years of baldness research. Their stories may not be interesting or attractive than those young heroes, but their discoveries have been put in use in every area which have also brought great benefits to our daily life. As professors in the Paris institute of technology, Mary Curie and her husband had spend more than thirty years painstaking study and experiment for the extraction of the Le and Po before they made their great discovery of the radioactive elements. This illustrates that the experts whom through the years of studies can have the same chance or even more chance to make discoveries. What can be the obstacles for the expert to achieve academic success is, firstly, the ability to be creative to challenge every existing rules or theories and the second is to be open-minded to welcome all different opinions. When Einstein was in Princeton University for the last years of his life, he seemed lost these two abilities and committed such faults like disapproval the quantum theory. And similar things happened to Sir Isaac Newton who changed into a hard head and self-centered leader of his college in Cambridge. After conquering these two obstacles, the chances of discoveries making can be even more for experts.

In conclusion, in any field of inquiry, there are chances and examples for genius and people without any academic reputation to make great discoveries, but these persons cannot be called 'beginners'. Experts will have more chances to be important discoveries maker on the basis of their long time of research and the ability of creative and a personality of open-minded. So it is unjustified to assert that in any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important discoveries.

[ 本帖最后由 liyue24 于 2008-4-14 16:19 编辑 ]