永不言弃小组第七次提纲大帖

永不言弃小组UID: 2428687

提纲issue （教育类）46+94 +argument25+165

worldbabyUID: 2272889

46."While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areas attribute their success to a well-developed sense of competition, a society can better prepare its young people for leadership by instilling in them a sense of cooperation."
（1）竞争的重要性：首先竞争具有动力的作用：对个人而言：个人能力的提高，对于企业而言；促进企业效率的提高；对于政治而言，竞争促进民主化。再者：竞争具有鼓励创新的作用：新产品的研发和新记录的出现，都是竞争的动力下的产品。
（2）合作的重要性：一是社会问题的复杂性，需要合作：环境污染问题很严重，只有合作起来才可以完成。二是合作是中趋势：比如学术上的跨学科形成。三是对于培养优秀的领导人，需要在合作中了解各民族的文化和历史，因为全球化是中趋势。
（3）两者不冲突：mutually compensate。作为一个合格的领导着，需要在这两者中进行平衡。通过竞争提高效率，通过合作来达成一个更合适的建议。
94. "Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study because acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated."
（1）学习各方面知识的重要性：首先，这可以broaden spectrum of vision。
其次，这可以从中发现兴趣所在。再者，从社会发展的趋势看，学习某个专业知识已经不够了，比如政治家要对法律和经济有所了解，中国已经由理工科人才治国发到现在的领导人中不断引入经济管理和法律方面的人才。
（2）专业知识的重要性：一方面，人的精力是有限的。所以要想再专业知识上catch the pace of development需要多花时间学习专业知识。二，这也是高校设置major的原因，专业知识不扎实对学生将来的职业规划和对社会的发展都无益。
（3）总之，在保证专业知识的前提下，多方面的涉猎其它知识，取百家之长，才能获得真正的教育（liberal education）
42.The following appeared in a proposal from the economic minister of the country of Paraterra.

"In order to strengthen its lagging economy, last year the government of the nearby country of Bellegea began an advertising campaign to promote ecologically sound tourism (ecotourism). This year the number of foreign visitors arriving at Bellegea's main airport doubled, and per capita income in Bellegea increased by ten percent. To provide more income for the population of Paraterra and also preserve the natural environment of our tiny country, we too should begin to promote ecotourism. To ensure that our advertising campaign is successful, we should hire the current director of Bellegea's National Tourism Office as a consultant for the campaign."
（1）        首先，foreign visits arriving at the airport的增加，和人均收入的增加不一定是advertising的结果。Foreign visitors的增加并不一定是来旅游，可能只是来转机的。人均收入增加的原因是多方面的，比如本国内需的拉动，或是出口的增加，或是农业的发展都有可能带来经济的发展。
（2）        其次，即便上述的进步都是advertising的结果，也不一定能够表明，paraterra城市应该采取同样的措施。因为各个城市的特色不一样。没有足够的证据表明该市有同样的旅游资源。
（3）        即便paraterra城市有着同样的资源来发展旅游业，也不一定要去雇用Bellegea的National Tourism Office,首先，paraterra可能有更好的office，综合业务素质更高，其次，当地的officer应该当地特色更为了解。

174.The following recommendation was made by the president and administrative staff of Grove College, a private institution, to the college's governing committee.

"We recommend that Grove College preserve its century-old tradition of all-female education rather than admit men into its programs. It is true that a majority of faculty members voted in favor of coeducation, arguing that it would encourage more students to apply to Grove. But eighty percent of the students responding to a survey conducted by the student government wanted the school to remain all female, and over half of the alumni who answered a separate survey also opposed coeducation. Keeping the college all-female, therefore, will improve morale among students and convince alumni to keep supporting the college financially."


1、80%的学生赞成保持女校，这样的调查结果不能够表明事实上应该继续保持女校。因为赞成女校是他们选择女校的原因，而非应该保持女校的理由。
2，对于校友的调查，没证据表明保持all-female就一定能够改进学生的士气并让他们保证对学校的资助。首先士气的形成更多的与教学的方式有关，而非女校的组织方式有关。同样很多男女合校的学校里也能形成很高的士气。其次，反对男女合校的校友不一定就会不资助，因为对于资助的选择更多的是基于学校的教学质量而非学校的性质，再者，虽然有over half的校友标志反对，也并不能表明反对的这些校友就是那写不资助的校友啊。
25.The following appeared in a memo from the mayor of the town of Hopewell.

"Two years ago, the town of Ocean View built a new municipal golf course and resort hotel. During the past two years, tourism in Ocean View has increased, new businesses have opened there, and Ocean View's tax revenues have risen by 30 percent. The best way to improve Hopewell's economy, and generate additional tax revenues, is to build a golf course and resort hotel similar to those in Ocean View."

(1)        将town of Ocean旅游者的增加，新商业的开放和税收收入的增加归因于新建的golf course和resort hotel是武断的。这里显然忽略了很多其它因素。Golf course和resort hotel到处都有，旅游者没有必要因此来此度假。新商业的开放更多是由于资源交通和技术优势导致，与golf course和resort hotel无很大关系。至于税收收入的增加更多是由于GDP的增加，与旅游收入增加的关系还取决于其对gdp增加的贡献多少。
(2)        即使golf course和resort hotel对于town of ocean的发展有着很重要的关系，也无法表明hopewell应该采纳相同的政策。这里忽视了两个城市的差距。没有evidence表示hopewell有必要新建golf course和resort hotel，不排除hopewell里的这些设施已经达到饱和。再者，no evidence表明hopewell有地势条件来修建。
(3)        即使hopewell可以采纳相似的措施，这些举措不一定是改善hopewell经济的最佳方法。经济的发展应该因地制宜，或许发展服务业或是加工业对当地的经济有更好的促进作用，再未衡量出当地的具体优势而盲目跟风是很很不合理的。
165.The following appeared in a business magazine.

"As a result of numerous consumer complaints of dizziness and nausea, Promofoods requested that eight million cans of tuna be returned for testing last year. Promofoods concluded that the cans did not, after all, contain chemicals that posed a health risk. This conclusion is based on the fact that the chemists from Promofoods tested samples of the recalled cans and found that, of the eight chemicals most commonly blamed for causing symptoms of dizziness and nausea, five were not found in any of the tested cans. The chemists did find that the three remaining suspected chemicals are naturally found in all other kinds of canned foods."
（1）        首先质疑样本的有效性。一，回收回来的cans可能已经是不含有那些致病的chemicals，而真正致病的cans已经是被消费者消费的那些cans。二，对于这些回收回来的can的样本，没有足够evidence表明，检测的cans具有代表性。
（2）        对于检测结果的质疑。一，首先主要的5种chemical没有发现，不能表明其它次要的影响因素没有发现。二，虽然三种剩下的主要chemeical在其它cans中也有发现，但是此种cans中的量是否超标没有说明。

justinweiUID: 2234137

https://bbs.gter.net/thread-794407-1-2.html

firhadayUID: 2287086

46"While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areas attribute their success to a well-developed sense of competition, a society can better prepare its young people for leadership by instilling in them a sense of cooperation."
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Begin: 部分同意，但是我认为合作和竞争应该处于一种平衡
1。合作可以帮助年轻人更快的融入团队，更好的沟通，这样更有可能成功
2。但是只有一种合作的精神，却很难在这个社会中生存
2.1 这是一个属于竞争的社会“wining is everything"&"people are able to compete naturally."
2.2 竞争会让自己变的更强，更加的出色
3。过分的注重竞争又会错失成功的机会，在必要的时候必须学会合作。
summary:
我们应该做到一种很好的平衡，在一些场合下，采取合作，但是要时时保持竞争的意识，这样才能让自己不掉队。

94"Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study because acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated."
------------------------------
Begin: 部分同意 ，要让教育真的有效是将学会的知识真正的更好的利用
1。学生必须在保证自己的学科的学习效率的时候，才可以更加好的学习其他的知识，从而让教育有效。否则，学校就是培养了一个庸才。
2。但是，学生在自己学科范围外学习会让他们的视野更加的宽阔，有助于更好的认识世界
3。其实，更深刻的来说，要让教育更加有效不是在于学多少科目，而是在于如何利用所学的东西更加好的思考这个世界，解决现实问题。

25The following appeared in a memo from the mayor of the town of Hopewell.
"Two years ago, the town of Ocean View built a new municipal golf course and resort hotel. During the past two years, tourism in Ocean View has increased, new businesses have opened there, and Ocean View's tax revenues have risen by 30 percent. The best way to improve Hopewell's economy, and generate additional tax revenues, is to build a golf course and resort hotel similar to those in Ocean View."
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1.作者认为两年以来的旅游业的发展是因为两年前，OV造的高尔夫球场和假日酒店，然而OV的经济情况并没有真正的说明，所以不能说明OV有经济增长，
2。每个地区有它自己的特色，在OV可以发展的东西在H也许是根本不可以的，所以更不可以因为这些表面的情况而让H也模仿这样的情况
3。作者提出要提高经济的建议的依据——也就是OV的成功，是被我们所质疑的，那么作者就没有明确的理由向市长提出这样的建议。因为在1中已经对OV是否成功已经提出了质疑，其次，即使建造了同OV相似的东西，就真的可以提高经济了吗？文章没有提供充足的证据。


165The following appeared in a business magazine.
"As a result of numerous consumer complaints of dizziness and nausea, Promofoods requested that eight million cans of tuna be returned for testing last year. Promofoods concluded that the cans did not, after all, contain chemicals that posed a health risk. This conclusion is based on the fact that the chemists from Promofoods tested samples of the recalled cans and found that, of the eight chemicals most commonly blamed for causing symptoms of dizziness and nausea, five were not found in any of the tested cans. The chemists did find that the three remaining suspected chemicals are naturally found in all other kinds of canned foods."
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1。PF错误的认为了消费者感到不舒服是因为罐头的问题，而没有深入研究，忽略了其根本原因
2。即使是因为罐头的问题，除了专家所定义的8种原料以外，可能还有其他的因素将引起不舒服。
3。专家只对罐头研究分析，却忽略了产品本身的质量，如果是产品本身就有问题呢？

worldbabyUID: 2272889

嗯 格式很赞哦 以后学习你这样的

worldbabyUID: 2272889

a165
第一 那个根本原因是什么哦 我觉得这个是提供的前提 不需要反驳吧
第三 产品本身的问题就是包含再那个罐头的原因里吧 这里貌似在同义反复哦
你觉得的呢

firhadayUID: 2287086

第一个,我觉得还是有必要的
第三个,我觉得我说的本身是说产品,就是这个关头里装者的东西