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bqianaUID: 193168

本文乃偶关于雅思乾坤大挪移学习法之最佳佐证！
非常值得一读！

～偶是英语资源储备家～

[B]Critical Reading Towards Critical Writing[/B]

Critical writing depends on critical reading. Most of the papers you write will involve reflection on written texts - the thinking and research that has already been done on your subject. In order to write your own analysis of this subject, you will need to do careful critical reading of sources and to use them critically to make your own argument. The judgments and interpretations you make of the texts you read are the first steps towards formulating your own approach.

[B]Critical Reading: What is It?[/B]

To read critically is to make judgements about how a text is argued. This is a highly reflective skill requiring you to "stand back" and gain some distance from the text you are reading. (You might have to read a text through once to get a basic grasp of content before you launch into an intensive critical reading.) THE KEY IS THIS:

× don't read looking only or primarily for information
× do read looking for ways of thinking about the subject matter

When you are reading, highlighting, or taking notes, avoid extracting and compiling lists of evidence, lists of facts and examples. Avoid approaching a text by asking "What information can I get out of it?" Rather ask "How does this text work? How is it argued? How is the evidence (the facts, examples, etc.) used and interpreted? How does the text reach its conclusions?

[B]How Do I Read Looking for Ways of Thinking?[/B]

1. First determine the central claims or purpose of the text (its thesis). A critical reading attempts to assess how these central claims are developed or argued.
2. Begin to make some judgements about context . What audience is the text written for? Who is it in dialogue with? (This will probably be other scholars or authors with differing viewpoints.) In what historical context is it written? All these matters of context can contribute to your assessment of what is going on in a text.
3. Distinguish the kinds of reasoning the text employs. What concepts are defined and used? Does the text appeal to a theory or theories? Is any specific methodology laid out? If there is an appeal to a particular concept, theory, or method, how is that concept, theory, or method then used to organize and interpret the data? You might also examine how the text is organized: how has the author analyzed (broken down) the material? Be aware that different disciplines (i.e. history, sociology, philosophy, biology) will have different ways of arguing.
4. Examine the evidence (the supporting facts, examples, etc) the text employs. Supporting evidence is indispensable to an argument. Having worked through Steps 1-3, you are now in a position to grasp how the evidence is used to develop the argument and its controlling claims and concepts. Steps 1-3 allow you to see evidence in its context. Consider the kinds of evidence that are used. What counts as evidence in this argument? Is the evidence statistical? literary? historical? etc. From what sources is the evidence taken? Are these sources primary or secondary?
5. Critical reading may involve evaluation. Your reading of a text is already critical if it accounts for and makes a series of judgments about how a text is argued. However, some essays may also require you to assess the strengths and weaknesses of an argument. If the argument is strong, why? Could it be better or differently supported? Are there gaps, leaps, or inconsistencies in the argument? Is the method of analysis problematic? Could the evidence be interpreted differently? Are the conclusions warranted by the evidence presented? What are the unargued assumptions? Are they problematic? What might an opposing argument be?

[B]Some Practical Tips[/B]

1. Critical reading occurs after some preliminary processes of reading. Begin by skimming research materials, especially introductions and conclusions, in order to strategically choose where to focus your critical efforts.
2. When highlighting a text or taking notes from it, teach yourself to highlight argument: those places in a text where an author explains her analytical moves, the concepts she uses, how she uses them, how she arrives at conclusions. Don't let yourself foreground and isolate facts and examples, no matter how interesting they may be. First, look for the large patterns that give purpose, order, and meaning to those examples. The opening sentences of paragraphs can be important to this task.
3. When you begin to think about how you might use a portion of a text in the argument you are forging in your own paper, try to remain aware of how this portion fits into the whole argument from which it is taken. Paying attention to context is a fundamental critical move.
4. When you quote directly from a source, use the quotation critically. This means that you should not substitute the quotation for your own articulation of a point. Rather, introduce the quotation by laying out the judgments you are making about it, and the reasons why you are using it. Often a quotation is followed by some further analysis.
5. Critical reading skills are also critical listening skills. In your lectures, listen not only for information but also for ways of thinking (see the Health Sciences Writing Centre's link on Making Notes from Lectures). Your instructor will often explicate and model ways of thinking appropriate to a discipline.

Written by Deborah Knott, New College Writing Centre. Copyright 2005. All rights reserved.

晨曦UID: 177893

赞！

尤其是bqiana的帖子，读完了还有图看，比较唯美的说。

lucy_zq2002UID: 177408

楼主的文章经验不仅适用于雅思写作，也适合申请ps，和以后学习中essay的作文。
分析05年的考题，最近的考试趋势确实是雅思各部分在融合，可以相互借鉴出题。我的学习也告诉我，听力可以辅助提高口语，阅读对写作有益，总之多留心总结。经验是死的，要找适用于自己的。

我也有图的

qzadeUID: 169279

这是一边教我英语，一边考我英语。

iriszsUID: 210256

呵呵
9494

iriszsUID: 210256

不过还好

iriszsUID: 210256

好像这边没有GRE热闹
资料不是很多哈～～

lucy_zq2002UID: 177408

寄托雅思就像襁褓中的孩子,还在不断长大!
我们以人为本,本版的壮大有赖每个朋友的鼠标一击,或者会心一笑.我们最大的资源是可爱的你们.

max131UID: 2116914

这里已经很不错了，，，大家一起努力吧！
特别感谢 银票山庄主 和 俏俏

riskingxuUID: 2121248

ok,thank you ,support you

nidemao17UID: 2111891

超级感谢啊，怎么搂住发的都是好东西

river220UID: 2133490

读了2遍，有收获，thanks

river220UID: 2133490

最近找到一本书北语的《如何正确准备雅思阅读》里面就有些上述内容，也是全英文，觉得还不错，本打算在书店看完的，结果还是买回来了，反正才15RMB。

yidi mercuryUID: 195299

en~~~i think the number of people who will take the ielts test will be bigger~~