issue184,理论一定要数据支持题，我写的反对，大家一定多提意见阿！

limaotouUID：158350

184。 It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data

   It is true that a person engaged in theoretical work could be no more satisfied than having his theories supported by empirical data. However, any excessive emphases on data, in general, would tend to exaggerate the importance of data and sometimes, even lead to danger.

   As is agreed by most people, theories can be divided into several categories. Some kinds of theories focus on the phenomena in our living world, like the theory of gravitation, which need strong support from the data. While some other kinds of theories are concerned about the norms and regularity of our spiritual life, and could be deduced from a set of basic axioms, and thus they have little reliance on data. Most philosophers in history would have their respective perspectives about the universe and the basic problems that haunt our human beings for thousands of years. Hundreds of theories were brought up by these notable people who have the finest minds in history, but seldom were there any data to support these theories, because these theories are about what the world should have been rather than what the world had been, or, in other words, they are related to the value system and norm system of these philosophers. So they do not need data, and to tell the truth, data could hardly help.
   
    Even if there are other theories trying to explain what the world have been, some of them could hardly be interpreted or supported merely by data, and sometimes, data are even unavailable for relevant study. For example, many economists are attracted by the institutional economics analysis, which could explain many historical changes in the transition from feudalism and capitalism. The ownerships have changed, the organization method of cooperates have improved, and of course, the living standard of the people has remarkably enhanced, but the hidden problems behind these obvious achievements that puzzled most economists are:  how much on earth have the institutional changes influenced our living world, or, to what extent of our achievements could be indebt to the institutional revolution. Puzzles like this drive modern economists to give up the reliance on data, which could help little, and urges them to find a more in-depth perspective into the inherent mechanism of the discrepancy of feudalism and capitalism, and fortunately, this wise departure from data has assured many contributions to institutional economics study today.

   In addition, excessive reliance on data could be followed by negative consequences, which might seriously and ironically undermine the theory that is initially intended to be supported by the data. In the late 1980s, a theory was brought up claiming that there existed some relationship between the sunspots and the economic cycle, and this theory was asserted to be strongly supported by the data. Unfortunately however, this theory was severely criticized by Professor Simon, the Nobel Laureate, who pointed out that this theory had no scientific foundation and was only founded on the superficial relationship in statistics, which made the theory vulnerable when faced with critical comments. Furthermore,  too much emphasis on data also motivate an inclination to data mining, a technique with which one select variables and conduct surveys to get expected data that would satisfy the result of their theory, and obviously ,  this violates the universal accepted rule of doing a study.

  In conclusion, I was not denying the importance of data, but put forward some suggestions to warn the excessive emphasis and reliance on data, since not every theory in every discipline needs data, and in some specific cases, data is hardly available to support the theory.  At the same time, the inclinations of data mining are well worth our guarded eyes.

菜丸子UID：158771

老兄好强啊，这个ISSUE是支持的好写啊，反对好难写啊。

菜丸子UID：158771

是我就支持该观点，呵呵
从以下几个论点展开：
（1）实践是检验真理的唯一标准，因此我们需要大量的实践——即大量的信息data来反复证明我们假设的THEORY是否成立；（逻辑推理部分）
（2）很多杰出的成就都是建立在分析大量实验数据的基础上的（举例论证部分）——可以从自然科学、几个艺术人文方面来举例子；
（3）一些错误的理论在数据积累后被推翻，促进了该领域的发展，反之，该领域会被错误的理论统治而裹足不前。（举例说明撒~比如说遗传学和基因学方面的几个祖宗都可以揪出来说）

喔哈哈哈，大家交流咯~~~~~~~~
丸子丸子，加油加油！

菜丸子UID：158771

It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data


It is true that a person engaged in theoretical （好讨巧的词）work could be no more satisfied than having his theories supported by empirical data. （第一句好）However, any excessive emphases on data, in general, would tend to exaggerate the importance of data and sometimes,（我觉得你这里的excessive emphases on data和后面的exaggerate the importance of data是一个意思，没有谁前谁后的次序，） even lead to danger.（第一段基本上摆明了立场，可以看得出功底不错啊，PKU~呵呵）

As is agreed by most people, theories can be divided into several categories（好词！但是，每一段的开头应该陈述自己的分论点才是啊，你这里只是在划分种类，和你要论证的中心无关啊）. Some kinds of theories focus on the phenomena in our living world, like the theory of gravitation（你学物理的吧，呵呵）, which need strong support from the data. While some other kinds of theories are concerned about the norms and regularity of our spiritual life, and could be deduced from a set of basic axioms（句子写得很好，可惜没有扣住你反对的论点。或者说，这个篇幅太多了）, and thus they have little reliance on data. Most philosophers（你学哲学的？呵呵，晕） in history would have their respective perspectives about the universe and the basic problems that haunt our human beings for thousands of years. Hundreds of theories were brought up by these notable people who have the finest minds in history, but seldom were there any data to support these theories, because these theories are about what the world should have been rather than what the world had been（很精彩！）, or, in other words, they are related to the value system and norm system of these philosophers. So they do not need data, and to tell the truth, data could hardly help.（哲学的例子举得很好，很棒啊，但是开头就逊色了，你的立场呢？？）

Even if there are other theories trying to explain what the world have been, some of them could hardly be interpreted or supported merely by data, and sometimes, data are even unavailable for relevant study. For example, many economists are attracted by the institutional economics analysis, which could explain many historical changes in the transition from feudalism and capitalism. The ownerships have changed, the organization method of cooperates have improved, and of course, the living standard of the people has remarkably enhanced（REMARKABLY ENHANCED好词，可惜生活标准是能ENHANCE增强的吗？只能是提高RAISE的吧？个人意见）, but the hidden problems behind （建议把BEHIND改成潜伏UNDERLYING）these obvious achievements that puzzled most economists are: how much on earth have the institutional changes influenced our living world, or, to what extent of our achievements could be indebt to the institutional revolution.（？） Puzzles like this drive modern economists to give up the reliance on data, which could help little, and urges（复数吧） them to find a more in-depth perspective into the inherent mechanism of the discrepancy of feudalism and capitalism, and fortunately, this wise departure from data has assured many contributions to institutional economics study today.

In addition, excessive reliance on data could be followed by negative consequences, which might seriously and ironically undermine the theory that is initially intended to be supported by the data.（这段开头有立场，好） In the late 1980s, a theory was brought up claiming that there existed some relationship between the sunspots and the economic cycle, and this theory was asserted to be strongly supported by the data. Unfortunately however, this theory was severely criticized by Professor Simon, the Nobel Laureate, who pointed out that this theory had no scientific foundation and was only founded on the superficial relationship in statistics（好好的句子啊！）, which made the theory vulnerable when faced with critical comments. Furthermore, too much emphasis on data also motivate an inclination to data mining, a technique with which one select variables and conduct surveys to get expected data that would satisfy the result of their theory, and obviously , this violates the universal accepted rule（UNIVERSAL ACCEPTED，好！） of doing a study.

In conclusion, I was（AM） not denying the importance of data, but put forward some suggestions to warn the excessive emphasis and reliance on data, since not every theory in every discipline needs data, and in some specific cases, data is hardly available to support the theory. At the same time, the inclinations of data mining are well worth our guarded eyes.

好文章啊，真的很见功底，佩服佩服！
有时间帮忙看看我的文章咯~~
http://edu.gter.net/bbs/showthread.php?s=&threadid=175551

limaotouUID：158350

谢谢丸子， 其中的建议很不错的，尤其是指出我的第一段的TS没有明确写出来,不大好的确。因为是第二篇issue,经验还不够，得练！！！！

不过有几点得说的：
1。我不是pk university 的，我的pku非彼pku,呵呵。写的东西给人家丢脸要。
2。我不是学物理or 哲学的。
嘿嘿。再次谢谢丸子拉