8、"It is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public."
Information:社会公器,真实,公正,准确是不二原则
政府为了维护国家利益和得到人民支持充分利用媒体,对媒体的新闻报道进行了诸多管制.
1. 战争中通过对消息的封锁和控制利用传媒使其成为作战武器愈来愈被政治家和军事家所重视和利用.拿破仑名言:一支笔能顶三千支枪.当战争乌云密布时,信息对己方能鼓舞士气对敌方能 摧毁意志.充分体现了信息心理战的重要效果.
2. 国家通过对消息的封锁和控制达到控制国家的目的.国家制度,经济,政策的制定,领导人形象的树立,要回避封锁不利消息以得到民众的支持.典型:朝鲜.
3. 人们对这种消息的封锁的态度是越来越反对.西方哲人认为21世纪是”善治的世纪”,其基本要求就是政府信息公开.每个公民都有权获得与自己利益相关的政府信息,包括立法活动,政策实施,行政预算,公共开支等.对信息的封锁能导致公众和媒体的反对和猜测.
i13"Many of the world's lesser-known languages ate being lost as fewer and fewer people speak them. the governments of countries in which these languages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from becoming extinct."
these kinds of language really needs protceting.
1.some important cultrues and history are recorded by the less using languages, we need to understand the language to get information from records.
2.the extinct of a language can make people of the rate feel losing in the world.
3.keeping various languages means keeping world's 多元化 which is better for the peace of the world.
138"Only through mistakes can there be discovery or progress."
Absolutely agree
1. No difficulties means no progress. One way to explain when one can solve a problem without mistakes is that all the progresses have been understand absolutely and no improvement is occurring during the actions.
2. A discovery means understanding a new thing which is mistaken by people in the past.
214"Society should identify those children who have special talents and abilities and begin training them at an early age so that they can eventually excel in their areas of ability. Otherwise, these talents are likely to remain undeveloped."
Not agree
1. For society
a. The project of training special children is not equal for others
b. The identify may be not exact
2. for private
a. Sometimes, people’s interesting and the talent may not the same so the special training can make those children feel uncomfortable.
b. The special training always have disadvantage influence for youth on psychology: too much attention on them and less free time than other children