本帖最后由 winning1030 于 2009-3-12 23:35 编辑
In this argument, the author concludes that colleges and universities should adopt honor codes similar to Groveton's in order to combat cheating , by making a comparison of the record of twenty-one cases of cheating in the first year when honor codes was conducted in Groveton, with the record of fourteen cases five years later while in an old-fashioned system , an average of thirty cases of cheating per year were reported . In addition, he points out that a recent survey conducted by the Groveton honor council which showed that a majority of students said that they would be less likely to cheat with an honor code in place than without to support his conclusion. However, the statement alone does not constitute a logical argument in favor of its conclusion and fails to provide compelling support to make this argument sound.
The author commits “After of this ,Therefore,Becsuse of this” fallacy.He assumes that implementing honor codes caused the diminished cheating cases.The line of the reasoning is that because the conduct of honor codes before the decreased cheating cases,the former event causes the latter.But other possible alternatives to the decreased cheating cases haven’t be considered and ruled out.For example,perhaps there are less students since the new system is conducted and even much less five years later ,or the qualities of the students are improving in the five years so that they are prone to be honest in exams .Thus,the argument is unwarranted without ruling out such possibilities.
Even if the former situation equals the latter,the disminished cheatig cases possibly indicate the students’ unwillingness to notify faculty members if they suspect that others have cheated in case that they will fall into interpersonal dispute afterward, or even some students reach an agreement that they will never notify each other in private in order to get better grades. Actually,the cheating cases haven’t reduced or even there's an upward tendency in cheating only we can’t see from the surface of the data.Thus either of these possibilities,if it is true,would cast serious doubt on the arguer’s claim that colleges and universities should adopt honor codes to reduce cheating.
Even if honor codes in fact has taken into effect,the arguer doesn't provide compelling evidence that it will work in the future ,given that there maybe are some uncertain elements.For example, intrant students will increase so that it will lead to more cheating cases even though the rate of cheating is the same,or the publishment for cheating is not as strict as before ,as a consequence, students will apt to take a risk cheating.Therefore,without stronger evidence that the new system will still effective ,the arguer can’t convince me of its validity.
Mover,the validity of the survey is open to question.The arguer doesn’t provide sufficient information about how the survey is conducted.Is the type of the survey is anonymous or autonomous by questionnaire?Is the survey conducted by interviewing face to face?If the survey is conducted by autonomous by questionnaire or interviewing face to face,it’s common sense to know that a majority of people are reluctant to show their dishonesty no matter whether an honor code is in place or not.Besides, from the survey quoted in the argument, however, we find no sign of such procedure for random sampling, and have good reasons to doubt if the sample is representative enough to reflect the general Groveton students as a whole.
Finally,even though the survey doesn’t have the shortcomings mentioned above ,the arguer draws a hasty conclusion, based on inadequate evidence about the students in Groveton.No evidence is presrnted that indicates all college and university students would behave the same as those in Groveton.It is possible that some colleges’ and universities’ students would resist the conduct of honor codes so that honor codes can’t even be conducted ,let alone its effectiveness.For those reasons,he can't draw his conclusion regardless of different situations between Groveton and the others.
In sum,since the author commits the above mentioned logical mistakes and fails to consider the whole situation comprehensively, his ideas should not be adopted. The conclusion would be strengthened if the amount change of students in Groveton in five years,more information about the survey and the situations in Groveton and in other college sand universities are provided.
ps:第一次，arguement 范文也是昨天看的。。。所以，请多包涵了~
那个，看了ananbeatgreMM的修改，我发现我的拼写错误太多，所以修改下我拼写好了~方便其他的组员修改，先感谢anan提出的意见~ | 
发表于 2009-3-11 12:52:32
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