〖TOEFL 2009上半年-Dark_Tournament听力组〗dengqinbo的听力备考日志贴

dengqinboUID: 2596994

索引) {. _# M% Y: ~6 p  @; Z6 I
$ i3 T# V. ?/ G7 ~  Z: P
1楼 --------- 目录
2楼 --------- 经验总结
3楼 --------- 3月13日听写日志（1992-08-p3)
4楼-----------3月15日听写日志（1996-NO1--P5)
5楼-----------3月16日听写日志 (1995-08-p5)
6楼-----------3月17日听写日志（1996-05-p3，未完待续）

dengqinboUID: 2596994

2楼占先

dengqinboUID: 2596994

Today, I would like to begin by discussion the early EUs settlements along Huson River, a well- known river which is epmtied into Antlantic and form New York Vail.（只听到new yok valley, 联想肯定是与此地的地理环境有联系）
The Hunson Rive has a couple of several interesting physical features that let it various attracted for settlement by EUs.
The first is that the river extend inland from the Antlanic Ocean for more than 150 miles with no waterfalls and rapids. its surface is virtually flat for that etire distance(连读现象，for没听出来，记住！）with no obstacles.
2, the whole 150 miles stretch is influenced by the tide of the Antlanic Ocean.Roughly Every 6 hours, the tide reverses dicrection.Flowing North when tide is rises(rising) and south toward the ocean when tide is going down.
obviously, there's no obstacles to prevent the settlers to from moving further upstream on the hunsun river.
and this explains why the dutch peneatrated so far inland, they were the first EUps to settle in the Hunson valley
of cause,to go upstream,the dutch need the right kind of boats.
and so to navigate the river ,they disign a sloop with 1 mast ,and only(with) 2 sails, one rigged in front of the mast and one behind
The mass(mast,下同） is tall,in many cases, over 100feet tall, so that the large wings(sails) could catch up wind blowing above the shore land（一直对shore 这个单词的敏感度不够） hills.
passengers and cargo,raging from coats, lumber and hay to fruits, food, vegetables and livestocks.
Traveling 10 miles per hour in good day, the sloop is  not speedy as modern standards.
but  it is still suited to the Dutch to settle
even when steamboat is eventually instroduced,it couldn't keep up with the sloop.

总结： the Atlantic Ocean 已经可以听到立即反映过来了
          mast ---桅杆
          obstacle, steamboat
          extend inland from此类词组的反映和理解极慢，是强化重点
          记得一次听一篇volcano的lecture，讲形成了，用了很多v+prep表示动作从哪里发出，施给谁，脑海中要好几秒才有相应概念！！！！

dengqinboUID: 2596994

In the late 1400s, when Christopher Columbus returned to Spain from the western hemisphere, he brought with him a sample of what the Native Americans called maize or as we call it more often today corn.
The corn that Columbus introduced to Europe was the distant descendent of a grass made(native)to Mexico.
The people of the Americans probably started to massiticate(domesticate,下同) this grass as early as 5000 B.C.
After about a thousand years, they developed highly productive strands of corns, which later became the basis for the great pre-Columbian civilization.
Figurabely(Figuratively) speaking, both the city of Incas and temples of the Nile(Mayas) were built on corn.
The massiticated(Domesticated) corn and people who cultivated it developed together.
Without humans to care for it, massiticated（domesticated） corn could not survive.
The kernels are crowded together been knees(beneath) to protect from(the strong, protective) husk and silk.
And the young corn shoot is not strong enough to break through the husk on its own.
If people did not strip away the husk and plant individual kernels, the corn would die out.

总结：descendent 下降的，世袭的
         native to 产自，本土的，土生土长的
        Maya玛雅文化-----不是NILE
        figuratively比喻地，象征性地
        silk玉米须
        strip away 剥掉
        kernel大麦或玉米等的谷物；种子，硬壳里包含的可食部分的软体；（坚果）仁
        beneath放在名词后，在....之下

dengqinboUID: 2596994

To us, the eviornment of fish often seems cold and dark and misdearious(mysterious),but there are advantages to live in water and this play am important rold making fish what they are.
One is that the water isn't subject to sudden temperature changes. Therefore make it excellent habitant for a cold
blood animal.
Anothe advantage is the water's ability to easily support body weight
Potoplaizen(Protoplasm) has approximately the same density as water, so the fish in water is almost weightless
These weightless term（in turn）means 2 things: one is fish can get along with light weight and simple bone stuctrue
and 2,limitations towards fish size(style?我还是觉得是size) are practically removed
Yet there is one basic difficulty to live in water
the fact that is incompacible（incompressible)
For a fish to flow in(move through) water, it must actually shove its side. Most can do this by wingling（wiggling） forward(back and forth).( in a) make like(snakelike) motion
The fish push its body aside by forward motion of its head
and with a curved(curve) of its body and its flexible tail
next, the water flows back along its narrowing side, closing in its(at the) tail and helping fish prepare(to propell) itself for moving(无） forward

总结： 粗线表示训练理解速度，及时反应出来该讲述的过程
          绿色表示知道说的词的意思，拼错
          蓝色表示minor flaw，不影响原意

词汇:  protoplasm原生质
          weightless无重= no weight
          a curve of= curving
          back and forth 前后（动）
          snakelike motion像蛇一样移动
          flow back along sth. 沿着。。向后流动
          propell forward向前推进
          wiggle 扭动，摆动
          incompressible 不能压缩的
          shove 猛推，撞，挤

dengqinboUID: 2596994

At the beginning of the centure, the railroads were used to haul everything.
Powerful railroads barrance  made fortune without having to be accounting for pulic and considering the costomers.
but cars and trunks changed all of that.
By 1970th,  the rail industry was in a set of problems
Trunks were taking all the new business
And even so the railway industry remains indiffirent to costomers.
Also,many regulation capital the railway industry from adjusting to shifting market
But in 1980,the rail industry entered a modern era when the deregulation bill was passed that allow railway companies to make a quick adjustment to fix in practices.
Companies reduced their lines by 1/3 and used fewer employees.
They also took step to minimize damage to products and to inrease their shipping compacities by stacking frequent containers on railroad cars.
To acommendate these taller loads, underpasses and towns were enlarged
The images of the rail industry has changed dramatically.
today,  companiese are very responsible to costumers and are gaining increasing market share in the shipping industry.
The railroads' safety record is also strong
Free trains have an accident rate that is only 1/3 that of trunks industry
trains also come out ahead of trunk on envirnment grounds
Because they give only 1/10 to 1/3 that of pullution given by trunks
and railroading does not wear out highways that trunks do.