【Big Fish】03月12日Issue184-By Bruce

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"It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data."

For many researchers, data are essential for them for they have to utilize plenty of data to theorize and understand what they are researching. Therefore, so important data are that some people consider it is a serious mistake to theorize before we have data. Form my perspective, it is data that remarkably propel the development of our research, but theorizing form data is not the only method to understand the world because we can also obtain our theory from logically thinking, that is form other theories.

Admittedly, data are one source of theories. Obviously, new and unprecedented data can coerce research to create other theories to explain the new data because the erstwhile theories are outmoded and fail to provide more guidance for researchers to understand the world. In our research, new data, especially those that are contradict to traditional theories, are always discovery by accident, thereby might compel people to abandon the former ones and find other more comprehensive theories to replace them. The discovery of relativism is one typical example. Due to the facts that many new data, especially those being observed in the electrical experiments, were found to be impossible to be explained by Newton's theories, the conventional theories to explain the movement of objects, many scientists at that time tried their best to find new theories, and eventually result in the discovery of relativism. In consequence, it is data that force new theories to be discovered.

However, besides data, there is another approach to obtain theories, that is, to deduce logically or summarize from old theories without data. Since theories are always be established logically and the theories must be compatible inherently, researchers can obtain new theories by deduction, or can contradict them by criticism. Therefore, researchers do not need data to establish a new theories, One apparent example is the atomic bomb, which was invented after several decades of the discovery of this theories. Therefore, it is impossible for scientists to obtain any data in their research about the theories of atomic bomb since there are no this kind of bomb at that time. However, by analyzing the innate paradox of traditional physics theories and by logically deduction, Einstein finally created the general relativity, the theories of atomic bomb. Thereby, data are not necessary to set up theories.

Furthermore, establishing theories before data is helpful for people to obtain new data effectively. Since there are plenty of methods to find data and since the process of giving data is painstaking, the ways to carry research, or to obtain data, much be cogitated carefully before. Referring to some relative theories is believed to be one of the appropriate methods to obtain some direction for our research. Take the materials science as an instance, in order to synthesize one kind of new material, many synthesis parameters, including the temperature, time, raw materials, have to considered. Only through some theories can be found out which method is most applicable. Without the help of theories, people have to test every possible condition, thereby resulting in a low effectiveness and leading to higher difficult of finding data.

To sum up, in spire of analyzing data is one method to discover theories, we can not neglect that people still can create their theories by deducing or contradicting previous theories to establish theories without data. Furthermore, theories could also help researchers to discover data easily. Consequently, the statement that theorizing before data is not cogent.

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For many researchers, data are essential for them for
（有些累赘而且不通顺~）they have to utilize plenty of data to theorize and understand what they are researching. Therefore, so important data are that some people consider it is a serious mistake to theorize before we have data. Form my perspective, it is data that remarkably propel the development of our research, but theorizing form data is not the only method to understand the world because we can also obtain our theory from logically thinking, that is form other theories（可以简单举例说明一下，比如经济学，数学等).
Admittedly, data are one source of theories. Obviously, new and unprecedented data can coerce research to create other theories to explain the new data because the erstwhile theories are outmoded and fail to provide more guidance for researchers to understand the world. In our research, new data, especially those that are contradict to traditional theories, are always discovery by accident, thereby might compel people to abandon the former ones and find other more comprehensive theories to replace them. The discovery of relativism is one typical example. Due to the facts that many new data, especially those being observed in the electrical experiments, were found to be impossible to be explained by Newton's theories, the conventional theories to explain the movement of objects, many scientists at that time tried their best to find new theories, and eventually result in the discovery of relativism. In consequence, it is data that force new theories to be discovered.
However, besides data, there is another approach to obtain theories, that is, to deduce logically or summarize from old theories without data. Since theories are always be(being) established logically and the theories must be compatible inherently, researchers can obtain new theories by deduction, or can contradict them by criticism. Therefore, researchers do not need data to establish a new theories, one apparent example is the atomic bomb, which was invented after several decades of the discovery of this theories. Therefore, it is impossible for scientists to obtain any data in their research about the theories of atomic bomb since there are no this kind of bomb at that time. However, by analyzing the innate paradox of traditional physics theories and by logically deduction, Einstein finally created the general relativity, the theories of atomic bomb. Thereby, data are not necessary to set up theories.
Furthermore, establishing theories before data is helpful for people to obtain new data effectively. Since there are plenty of methods to find data and since the process of giving data is painstaking, the ways to carry research, or to obtain data, much be cogitated carefully before. Referring to some relative theories is believed to be one of the appropriate methods to obtain some direction for our research. Take the materials science as an instance, in order to synthesize one kind of new material, many synthesis parameters, including the temperature, time, raw materials, have to considered. Only through some theories can be found out which method is most applicable. Without the help of theories, people have to test every possible condition, thereby resulting in a low effectiveness and leading to higher difficult of finding data.
To sum up, in spire of analyzing data is one method to discover theories, we can not neglect that people still can create their theories by deducing or contradicting previous theories to establish theories without data. Furthermore, theories could also help researchers to discover data easily. Consequently, the statement that theorizing before data is not cogent.

文章总体逻辑是清楚的，只是语言表达方面还有些不精练（不过比我强我多了，我有时都憋不出话来，更别说字数了）。建议还是多临摹下好句子，参看范文（只看逻辑和句子）。
大家一起努力啊~