ISSUE153 +提纲【六人行7.29】by Eileen

Eileen312UID: 2648750

WORDS: 523
TIME: 60min
Opinions differ on the question of whether students should carry a positively skeptic or passively absorbing attitude what they are tutored to. The arguer claims that students should be skeptic on everything they learn. I basically agree with the speaker’s emphasis on skepticism; however, the assertion that students should doubt everything they learn is overstated.

To start with, skepticism is undoubtedly necessary and indispensible in the exploration and improvement of knowledge, given that none of knowledge we acquired is perfect. One striking example that aptly illustrates this point involves the discovery of Pluto. If William Tombaugh just passively accepted the eight planets theory which was recognized by authority, he would never have the chance to make one of the greatest astronomical discoveries and thus we would never realize the existence of the ninth planet. On the other hand, the passive knowledge receivers among Tombaugh’s contemporaries merely took it for granted that eight planets theory printed on there textbooks was indubitable, and thus was misled and unable to make new discoveries.

Considering the significance of skepticism mentioned above, it is of vital importance for students, who are the main force of the coming society and at the crucial stage of accumulating knowledge, to form the habit of skeptical reasoning. Some others may argue that students too ignorant to cast doubt on the authoritative educational materials. However, the point here is not to expect magnificent discoveries through students’ skepticism, but to calculate their critical reasoning ability, which significantly influent both their own future and the social prospect. For instance, a student who can justifiably point out the possible fallacy in a mathematical reasoning process, which illustrates his independent, critical, and sensible thinking, might as well reasonably evaluate and utilize all kinds of resources to help him grow into an intellectual and upright man who can benefit the society.

Nevertheless, we should also be conscious that undue skepticism to querying whatever the tutors say and whatever the textbook contends might be counterproductive to learning. My basic reason is that some of the educational contents have been proved generation by generation and even recognized as common sense. It is nothing but a waste of time and energy to crazily criticize such kind of knowledge. If students keep putting their hands up in class and ask questions like “why two plus two is four”, the tutoring process would decrease to a terrible mess, not to mention imparting knowledge. Another reason is that sole skepticism without actual verification makes nonsense. A positive case here is
Joliot-Curie in her childhood, who was told that the volume of a fish being put into a filled tank was less than that of the spilled water, and who carried out experiments to prove it. The inspiration here is skepticism should always go with positivism; otherwise it tends to fall into empty talk.

In conclusion, skepticism should be laid stress on due to the imperfection of current knowledge and its contribution to build students’ critical reasoning ability, which is of vital importance to the development of the young and the whole society; while overemphasis of skeptic attitude could only serve as an educational obstacle.

提纲：
30"The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people's efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time."
【核心：科技发展目标】
1、起-最根本的是过上幸福生活（）
2、硬件-生活环境优化、生活设施便利
3、软件-精神生活丰富愉快
4、而不能简单地说高效多闲暇，因为这样也可能不幸福
5、结论

8、"It is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public."
【核心：领导人隐瞒实情】
1、起
2、人民纳税有知情权（否则。。。）
3、好的领导应该是透明的（否则。。。）
4、不排除特殊情况—引起民众恐慌。。。
5、结论

5、"A nation should require all its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer."
【核心：全国课程统一】
1、起-分情况
2、基本学科要统一（为什么？必要性？好处？）
3、非基本学科要因地制宜—艺术、体育等
4、若强行统一会有什么后果
5、结论

63"To truly understand your own culture—no matter how you define it—requires personal knowledge of at least one other culture, one that is distinctly different from your own."
【核心：异种文化在理解本民族文化中的作用】
1、起-定义culture-integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior
2、通过异域文化对比，能从另一个角度理解本族文化
3、然而换角度不一定意味着更好的理解—混淆视听
4、而且，本族文化源于本土，以本土的视角来审视才原汁原味
5、总结

94"Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study because acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated."
【核心：跨学科休课-育人】
1、起-教育程度指标
2、诚然，跨学科选课有好处
3、然而，博而不专
4、而且，博不是衡量受教育程度的指标
5、总结

hugeseaUID: 190158

WORDS: 523
WORDS: 523
TIME: 60min

Opinions differ on the question of whether students should carry a positively skeptic or passively absorbing attitude what they are tutored to. (好Chinglish的感觉啊！）The arguer claims that students should be skeptic on everything they learn. I basically agree with the speaker’s emphasis on skepticism; however, the assertion that students should doubt everything they learn is overstated.（ok，这倒是一个简洁的开头，除了第一句有些chinglish外）

To start with, skepticism is undoubtedly necessary and indispensible in the exploration and improvement of knowledge,  given  that none of knowledge we acquired is perfect. One striking example that aptly illustrates this point involves the discovery of Pluto. If William Tombaugh just passively accepted the eight planets theory which was recognized by authority, he would never have the chance to make one of the greatest astronomical discoveries and thus we would never realize the existence of the ninth planet. On the other hand, the passive knowledge receivers among Tombaugh’s contemporaries merely took it for granted that eight planets theory printed on there textbooks was indubitable, and thus was misled and unable to make new discoveries. （3分以及3分以下是怎么炼成的？就是你这样那个炼成的：TS+例子叙述；反正我是实在没有在你的论述中看出来why is “none of the knowledge we acquire  perfect”？只看到了你把你说的unperfect knowledge偷换成了theory which was recognized by authority，同时我很resent你的“none of knowledge we acquired is perfect”的观点，任何知识在它适用的范围内都是perfect的吧，我记得我看科学史时看懂过这样的表述。还有我觉得你的point也很rediculous，我们需要质疑精神，是因为我们的知识都不完善（完美？）。如果这样，你下面就论证不下去了，既然所有知识都不完善，我们要doubt it，干嘛我们还要我们的学生接受我们教的知识？）


Considering the significance of skepticism mentioned above, it is of vital importance for students, who are the main force of the coming society and at the crucial stage of accumulating knowledge, to form the habit of skeptical reasoning. Some others may argue that students too ignorant to cast doubt on the authoritative educational materials. However, the point here is not to expect magnificent discoveries through students’ skepticism, but to calculate their critical reasoning ability, which significantly influent both their own future and the social prospect. For instance, a student who can justifiably point out the possible fallacy in a mathematical reasoning process, which illustrates his independent, critical, and sensible thinking, might as well reasonably evaluate and utilize all kinds of resources to help him grow into an intellectual and upright man who can benefit the society.

Nevertheless, we should also be conscious that undue skepticism to querying whatever the tutors say and whatever the textbook contends might be counterproductive to learning. My basic reason is that some of the educational contents have been proved generation by generation and even recognized as common sense. It is nothing but a waste of time and energy to crazily criticize such kind of knowledge. If students keep putting their hands up in class and ask questions like “why two plus two is four”, the tutoring process would decrease to a terrible mess, not to mention imparting knowledge. Another reason is that sole skepticism without actual verification makes nonsense. A positive case here is
Joliot-Curie in her childhood, who was told that the volume of a fish being put into a filled tank was less than that of the spilled water, and who carried out experiments to prove it. The inspiration here is skepticism should always go with positivism; otherwise it tends to fall into empty talk.

In conclusion, skepticism should be laid stress on due to the imperfection of current knowledge and its contribution to build students’ critical reasoning ability, which is of vital importance to the development of the young and the whole society; while overemphasis of skeptic attitude could only serve as an educational obstacle.

Eileen312 发表于 2010-7-29 20:04

写issue不光要注意不要跑题，还要注意论证过程中不要自我推翻.....

crazyjooUID: 2805124

WORDS: 523
TIME: 60min
Opinions differ on the question of whether students should carry a positively skeptic or passively absorbing attitude what they are tutored to. The arguer claims that students should be skeptic on everything they learn. I basically agree with the speaker’s emphasis on skepticism; however, the assertion that students should doubt everything they learn is overstated.

To start with, skepticism is undoubtedly necessary and indispensible in the exploration and improvement of knowledge, given that none of knowledge we acquired is perfect. One striking example that aptly illustrates this point involves(involved) the discovery of Pluto. If William Tombaugh just passively accepted the eight planets theory which was recognized by authority, he would never have the chance to make one of the greatest astronomical discoveries and thus we would never realize the existence of the ninth planet. On the other hand, the passive knowledge receivers among Tombaugh’s contemporaries merely took it for granted that eight planets theory printed on there textbooks was indubitable, and thus was misled and unable to make new discoveries.(缺少了自己的与例子结合reasoning。建议这种reasoning加在topic sentence和例子之间）

Considering the significance of skepticism mentioned above, it is of vital importance for students, who are the main force of the coming society and at the crucial stage of accumulating knowledge, to form the habit of skeptical reasoning. Some others may argue that students too ignorant to cast doubt on the authoritative educational materials. However, the point here is not to expect magnificent discoveries through students’ skepticism, but to calculate their critical reasoning ability, which significantly influent both their own future and the social prospect. For instance, a student who can justifiably point out the possible fallacy in a mathematical reasoning process, which illustrates his independent, critical, and sensible thinking, might as well reasonably evaluate and utilize all kinds of resources to help him grow into an intellectual and upright man who can benefit the society.

Nevertheless, we should also be conscious that undue skepticism to querying whatever the tutors say and whatever the textbook contends might be counterproductive to learning. My basic reason is that some of the educational contents have been proved generation by generation and even recognized as common sense. It is nothing but a waste of time and energy to crazily criticize such kind of knowledge. If students keep putting their hands up in class and ask questions like “why two plus two is four”, the tutoring process would decrease to a terrible mess, not to mention imparting knowledge. Another reason is that sole skepticism without actual verification makes nonsense. A positive case here is
Joliot-Curie in her childhood, who was told that the volume of a fish being put into a filled tank was less than that of the spilled water, and who carried out experiments to prove it. The inspiration here is skepticism should always go with positivism; otherwise it tends to fall into empty talk.
（这段和上一段之间没有什么具体差异 就是一个crazily ，undue..我觉得要具体些比较好。比如学生质疑精神促进独立思考，然后下一段说学生这是基于有足够知识的前提。。然后说undue质疑是什么：无知识储备的质疑）
In conclusion, skepticism should be laid stress on due to the imperfection of current knowledge and its contribution to build students’ critical reasoning ability, which is of vital importance to the development of the young and the whole society; while overemphasis of skeptic attitude could only serve as an educational obstacle.

Eileen312UID: 2648750

你的评价很打击人，但很中肯。。。憋了这久的文章轻易就被否了 。。。还是很感谢hugesea 的！看了你的备考日志，与众不同。。。我QQ314924340。关于ISSUE，望多赐教！