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交作业, 自己的第三篇ARG,还是没限时, 60分钟吧
大家表不好意思, 尽情拍, 我赶快去把ISSUE写出来, 晚上来拍别人
Argument 153 60min
------题目------
The following is from an editorial in the Midvale Observer, a local newspaper.
'Ever since the 1950's, when television sets began to appear in the average home, the rate of crimes committed by teenagers in the country of Alta has steadily increased. This increase in teenage crime parallels the increase in violence shown on television. According to several national studies, even very young children who watch a great number of television shows featuring violent scenes display more violent behavior within their home environment than do children who do not watch violent shows. Furthermore, in a survey conducted by the Observer, over 90 percent of the respondents were parents who indicated that prime-time television—programs that are shown between 7 p.m. and 9 p.m.—should show less violence. Therefore, in order to lower the rate of teenage crime in Alta, television viewers should demand that television programmers reduce the amount of violence shown during prime time.'
------正文------
In this editorial, the author concludes that increase in violence shown on TV is responsible for the increase in teenage crime in Alta. Based on this conclusion, the arguer further recommends that television views should demand that television programmers reduce the amount of violence shown during prime time in order to lower the rate of teenage crime in Alta. However, a careful scrutiny of his argument reveals a few logical flaws.
To begin with, the author assumes a causal relationship between the increase of violence shown and the increase of teenage crime where only a correlation has been indicated. With the evidence quoted from the argument, we can only assert that the rate of crimes committed by teenagers in Alta has steadily increased since the 1950's while the television sets happen to appear in average home. This does not necessarily lead to a causal relationship between the two. Firstly, the rate of crimes committed by the teenagers increased does not properly indicate that the absolute number of teenager crimes has increased. If there are same amount of teenager crimes each year while the total number of crimes decreases, one may also find the rate of teenage crimes increasing. Secondly, the popularization of TV sets could not serve as a substitute index for the increase in violence shown on TV. Thirdly, even if we assume that this argument could strongly support the idea that the increase in violence shown on TV and the increase in teenage crime occurs simultaneously, it is hasty to conclude the two facts are reasons and results. On one hand, many factors other than TV could lead to an increase in teenage crimes such violent social circumstance and adults' abetment; on the other hand, some television scenes which do not contain violence could also serve as a causation such as TV shows contains sex and porn.
Moreover, the arguer presents several national studies to support his idea. Yet we are not told anything about the way the study was conducted or how well it could represent the author's conclusion. Especially, the study only mentioned that very young children would display more violent behavior while watching a great number of violent shows. It is possible that very young kids do not have too much sense of judging whether a behavior is right or wrong before they imitate it in daily life. Thus it is unreliable to generate the results of these national studies to teenagers who have more sense of social justice.
Last, the author mentions a survey conducted by the Observer, which is only a local newspaper. We found no sign of random sampling in the survey procedure so the sample does not represents all the parents in the country of Alta as a whole in their opinions towards violence shown during prime time. Furthermore, even if we take this survey as a reliable indicator of all the parents' attitudes, we could not conclude that they ask for less violence shows because of their kids, as is not mentioned in the survey results. Maybe most parents just like to watch something sweet and relaxing after 8-hour work each day.
To sum up, the arguer fails to present warranted evidence to prove that the increase in violence shown on TV directly leads to the increasing rate of teenage crime. Therefore, his recommendation of reducing the amount of violence shown during prime time may not solve the teenage crime problem. To support his conclusion he'd better provide more detailed survey such as interviewing those teenager criminals and revalue the influence of violent TV shows on them. |
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