issue95 v6 8.18这篇虽然完全是自己得观点，但是心里没底！不知能不能说服别人！

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95. "People work more productively in teams than individually. Teamwork requires cooperation, which motivates people much more than individual competition does."

Start time: 13:10 2005-8-17 start time.

I do not agree with the author. Since all sorts of team work are composed by individual work in essence, the most effective way is to encourage the individual efforts but not the seemingly important cooperation.

Admittedly, nowadays there are various kinds of teams no matter in business or in government or in scientific research. We have also benefitted【BENEFITED】 from team work. For instance, every year hundreds of scientists from different areas such as chemistry, electroncis【ELECTRONICS】, biology, computer science and so on, work in NASA to finish the space exploration program, including design, manufacturing, safety examination of the rocket. Also, it is common that nearly all graduate students in universities work in study groups to finish projects. However, such team works are actually sum of individual works, as explained as follows.

On the one hand, consider a team including members from totally different areas. On the surface, they work together and cooperate with each other. Everyone has his/her own task and contribute to the team work. In fact, since every member has different knowledge structure, they have to finish their own work independently, which needs inidividual【INDIVIDUAL】 efforts, while the so-called cooperation is only the requirements to finish the components that connect them together. The example concerning NASA is in point. To finish the big work, every scientist has his/her special things to do. The computer scientist must make programs to control the operation of the rocket. Chemist must find the appropriate materials used to be covered on the surface of the rocket, so as to prevent it from being burned to ashes when flying out of the atmosphere. All of them are independent and one could help little to another. Thus, what is the most important element in the team work including members from different fields is the individual work, but not the cooperation.

On the other hand, if a team includes people majoring in the same area, it is also the same, except that amount of work has been decreased, while the pressure from other team-mates increased, which is negative to the whole team. Examples concerning the study group in university could illustrate this point of view well. We all know that one prerequisite for the joining to the group is he/she could make contribution to the whole team, or else it is impossible. At the beginning, every member are【IS】 responsible to check out necessary materials, relevant to the team's goal---the project. Nontheless【NONETHELESS】, after the collection of materials, the real work begins. Every member must put forward his/her own perspective about how to finish the project, where to begin the analysis and what is the most effective way. It is evident that now the individual effort of views matters in the team. It is incredible if one of them have no ideas about how to finish the project, which implying that he/she will be left behind gradually.

There is also another factor that negatively influences the work of group members. If the group is an effectively organized one, it is the ideal one, though this is not the decisive factor. However, sometimes members may have totally different ideas about the same thing. Since human beings are all emotional, it is inevitable that working spirit of specific member would be decreased because of such serious debates. Instead, individual work has nothing to do with such negative efforts. One only pays ultimate attention on what he/she should do; the only differece【DIFFERENCE】 is that individual has to do more physical work than before.

Finally, as mentioned above, since nearly all kinds of team works are actually personal efforts, the cooperation in team is only a sort of work requirement which needs the members to finish the work in time and not too late. Whether we are working in groups or individually, the individual efforts is the crust and key, which decides the productivity.

End time: 13:56 2005-8-17