issue87 G-89-互助社-29日 （还有两天考试了，已做初步修改，请各位高手拍砖）

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Issue87  第53篇 让砖头来得更猛烈些吧！
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作者：fantasia     共用时间：45分30秒     651 words
从2005年8月29日11时18分到2005年8月29日12时04分
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In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important discoveries.
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As the trend of society and culture flows and ebbs with its specific periodicity and yet progressed at an accelerating and eternal pace, more and more discoveries have jumped and will jump into human eyes. Among these discoveries, some are done by beginners, and some others are accomplished by experts, while still others are achieved by both beginners and experts, leading to the question whether the beginner or the expert is more possible to make important discoveries than the other. Concerning the large scale of discoveries already made, this is a case-by-case study, instead of a clear formula.

Beginners, with some of their intrinsic advantages, are more prone to discover certain items than experts to some extent. For one thing, beginners usually bear a high level of passion and curiosity experts tend to lack. With the passion and curiosity, beginners are willing to do anything they can in order to explore or ascertain, therefore improve and discover items. In contrast, experts, considering their often prolonged time in the particular field, are probably no longer curious about the topics they are working on, and then feel tired of them without future development, let alone discoveries. For another thing, since beginners have not been enveloped in the atmosphere of the single domain for long, they are more inclined to combine the knowledge in the very field with what they know or recognize in other fields to create brand new terms with more flashes of creativity, compared to the experts whose thoughts are limited in a possibly narrow spectrum--to some degree, it could be interpreted in other words as that the experts may have been "poisoned" by the domain they have been fed up with. A slight glance at Faraday can make the sense clear: Faraday, a beginner in physics then, revealed the significant electromagnetic induction from the perspective of "converse logic", which had been left out of their minds by many great physicians. Additionally, it is the determination to become an expert that at times impels a beginner to endeavor, though this somehow seems snobbish.

The above propensity for the beginner, nevertheless, is true insofar as the discovery needs not much background knowledge. What differentiates the beginner and the expert is indebted to the gap between the basic knowledge they own. Before Newton set up the classical physics, he had learned the heliocentric theory of Copernicus as well as the theories attributed to Galileo and Bruno, checking, modifying and combining them for the final success. No doubt was his saying, "If I have seen farther, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants" (and I paraphrase). Generally, a large scale of discoveries necessitate knowledge and experience in order to carry out the improvement. With the thorough comprehension of the domain, one is more apt to notice what the domain lacks and what still needs modification. This just explains how Darwin established his Evolution Theory when his detected series of deficiencies unsolved by Lamarckism, such as why only the neck of giraffe extends but not tongue or legs. Moreover, some discoveries are the results of intricate calculations which can only accomplish by outstanding experts, just like what happened to the discovery and confirmation of the planet Pluto.

What should not be neglected is that both the beginner with the talent for the field and the expert preserving a passion and curiosity exist; and it is equally true that opportunity contributes predominantly at times, which makes discoveries occasionally sound like “God’s gift” or "excellent mistakes". Take Columbus for example. With the belief that the Earth is round, Columbus set off to find the dreamland--India--with his team of accompanions. Unfortunately, as soon as he reached the very land where it is now America, he carelessly took it for India, so unexpected a mistake that till his death he had not distinguished the two. When turning to the field of computer and information, Bill Gates with his system Microsoft expresses an instance in which an "expert" (judging from his high level of competence in computer) integrated with his supreme creativity fulfilled the ultimate task.

In the course of contemporary when discoveries seem to be more important then ever, the controversy between the ability in discoveries of beginner and experts has been under discussion for long. Instead of formularization of it, it is a case-by-case study, though this can represent for a backbreaking and heartbreaking stock for examination.
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