issue4 G-89-互助社-30日 （还有一天考试了，已做初步修改，请各位高手拍砖）

fantasianosUID：207837

题目：ISSUE 4 - "No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study."
字数：587          用时：0:45:00          日期：2005-8-30

As the trend of society and culture flows and ebbs with its specific periodicity and yet progresses at its accelerating and eternal pace, more and more people are paying attention to the question how to make a significant advance in any field of study. To get an answer to this question, some people declare that it can only be carried out when outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study, which actually is either an oversimplification of the item or an underestimation of insiders' ability.

Admittedly, there do exist many areas whose establishments or developments are impelled by endeavor of both outsiders and insiders. For one thing, some domains in science are originally derived from two or more other domains, which at the very beginning call for cooperation between or among several fields. For example the appearances of biomathematics, biochemistry are each a combination of two majors--the former biology and mathematics and the latter biology and chemistry. Obviously, in the two new fields, outsiders' achievement is vitally important, concerning the new fields' quality of original combination. For another thing, a large scale of other majors, though superficially single and simple, often necessitate the help by specialists in other majors. The most significant example is forensic medicine. Despite its perfect system of knowledge which is able to fulfill the task in most cases, the levels of certain crimes' complexities are so high that biologists are frequently called for, considering their more specific knowledge related to plants and animals. Similarly, discoveries in the domain of history are usually contributed to not only history per se, but also archeology, geology and anthropology. In these cases, without the outsiders, hardly could the improvement be brought out.

Nevertheless, the indispensability of outsiders only turns out to be true insofar as the insiders are not capable of meeting the need--in other words, when either of the circumstances below occurs, the indispensability would be false: 1 exterior knowledge is not needed; 2 insiders can achieve the same goal. Under the first circumstance, advance without outsiders can undoubtedly take place, with a prolonged series of examples. When concerning Darwin, one is prone to recognize his theory of evolution, which could be said to be a pure achievement without helps outside of biology--in fact, he could not receive any help for the "paradox" of his theory at that time. Newton, with his classical physics which derives from the accomplishments of Copernicus, Galileo and Bruno, can be another instance. Under the second circumstance, when knowledge is not too complicated for insiders to learn in a moderate length of time, the possible tasks of outsiders could be finished by insiders alternatively. An example of this category involves Einstein, who learned mathematics by himself and then linked his high skill in mathematics to his researches, opening the field of Relativity Theory.

What should be paid attention to is that as time went by, fields of study are developed to such high levels that it seems to be more necessary and convenient to call for outsiders' help, since more and more majors are now interconnected and knowledge in higher and higher level of specificity is wanted. No matter what will happen in the future, time will just tell.

In the course of contemporary, advances in field of study are no less important, but even of paramount consequence for human beings. As a conclusion, although outsiders are helpful in a series of cases, it would be an unwarranted argument to simply allege their indispensability without a closer examination further than merely a first glance, which can sometimes inhibit the activity and creativity of insiders and make the situation worse.

polymathUID：179557

先up !

fantasianosUID：207837

社长帮忙看看吧，快考试了，好没底啊