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发表于 2009-2-26 11:36:24
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题目:ARGUMENT188 - A new report suggests that men and women experience pain very differently from one another, and that doctors should consider these differences when prescribing pain medications. When researchers administered the same dosage of kappa opioids-a painkiller-to 28 men and 20 women who were having their wisdom teeth extracted, the women reported feeling much less pain than the men, and the easing of pain lasted considerably longer in women. This research suggests that kappa opioids should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required, whereas men should be given other kinds of pain medication. In addition, researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women.
In this report the researchers recommend that kappa opioiods should be used for women, while men can use other painkiller, and all of medications should be reevaluated on men versus women. To support this recommendation the researcher cites the following facts about the research: (1)the same dosage of kappa opioids is given to the patient; (2) the number of men is 28, while the number of women is 20. Close scrutiny of each of these facts, however, reveals that none of them lend credible support to the recommendation.
First, the same dosage of kappa opioids is given to the patient do not necessarily indicate that the efficiency of the painkiller is lower on men. Perhaps as the weight of the men is usually higher than women, they should be give larger dosage of drugs. Or perhaps the skill of the pain that men and women suffered is different. For that matter, perhaps the men suffered greater pain than women in the extraction of the wisdom teeth. In short, without ruling out other possible reasons for the same dosage is reasonable the researcher cannot convince me on the basis of them that the painkiller is not so useful to men than women.
Secondly, even the same dosage of pills is reasonable for both men and women, the author assumes further that the sample of men and women are large enough to show the average situation. Yet the report contains no evidence to support this assumption. Lacking such evidence it is equally possible that the men in the sample are just too care about the pain which they suffer, while the women are bravely enough to endure the pain. In fact, perhaps as a result of taking yoga, the women perfectly controlled their pain and did not concerned about it.
Thirdly, the fact that kappa opioids is useful especially for women accomplishes nothing toward bolstering the recommendation. The painkiller is also useful to men, perhaps it is the most efficient to men, even not so good compared to women. Besides, kappa opioids may be cheap and easy to make, thus it is more convenient to use it.
Finally, the researchers find kappa opioiods acts differently toward men and women are little indication that all medications should be reevaluated. To reevaluate all the medications is a huge project that cost a lot of money. Perhaps the differentiation on sex of the drug only happens in kappa opioiods.
In sum, the recommendation relies on certain doubtful assumptions that render it unconvincing as it stands. To bolster the recommendation the researcher must provide clear evidence--perhaps by way of national survey or study--that the same dosage of drug to both sex is reasonable, the sample group is large enough. To better assess the recommendation, I would need to know why does both sex reacted differently towards kappa opioiods. I would also need to know the distinguish differences of drugs on two sex ever exists in other drugs. |
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