【辉太郎杀G大队】7/9作业by sindytt(Issue203;Argument165)

sindyttUID: 2661721

203 "The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its heroines."

The study of the character of a society, so complicated as it sounds, has been regarded as a subject of great moment, which involves custom, culture, history, the level of science and technology as well as civil living standard. Concerning this, the author’s suggestion that the character of heroes or heroines best represent the character of the society, from my perspective, is only one side of the matter, and it ignores other effective alternatives to have a look of the character of a society. To better present my viewpoint let me illustrate it in detail.
Before we talk about the methodology of the study of the character, we should come to a consensus about the definition of the heroes or heroines. Heroes or heroines are men or women admired by their achievements or noble qualities. They can be a real person or exists in literary or dramatic work. They can be in a mass of fields such as science, politics, culture, sports or even entertainment world. Some heroes or heroines do reflect the character of a society, while others represents human inner idol with a certain great virtue.
To begin with, admittedly, the character of heroes or heroines, more or less, reflects mainstream value and moralities that a society and its members worship. The author’s assertion gets the point in this sense. Abraham Lincoln, leader of the movement to abolish slavery for equal right and against racial discrimination and segregations, is admired by the majority of American people, even scores of years after he signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This precisely mirrors the thing that all Americans ardently pursue and advocate: democracy, liberty and equality –these are, all men are created as equal, regardless of race, nationality, and origin, and no one are entitled to deprive others’ freedom and human rights. Without efforts of Lincoln, the black slavery may still be abused by slaver holder and live a life with no hope. Similarity, in the fight against poverty, Mother Teresa has forever remembered and memorized for her contributions to helping the poorest of the poor in India, which also reflects that our society cherish charity and human rights.
Nevertheless, in some case, people become heroes and heroines because they challenge the common sense of worth and the public’s comprehension of the world at their time. Heroes usually go ahead of their time, lead the development and promote the advance of human society. Bruno, an Italian philosophy best known as a proponent of the infinity of the universe, was declared as a heretic and was burned at the stake. His action to fight against the Vatican and challenge common belief is brave and unique, which can’t reflect the custom and behavior at his era.
To have a closer look at the matter, the author draws the conclusion too hastily that studying heroes and heroines is the shortcut to have a command of the society, neglecting other accesses available. As we all know, America is most characterized by its diversity of nationality, including Indians as natives, Spanish-American, Latin-Americans and Asian-Americans etc. To have an overall understanding of the society, one should turn into American history: the War of Independence, the westward movement as well as the gold rush all contribute to the hodgepodge of nationality. Furthermore, studying the school’s curriculums can somewhat tells us the temporary or probably future character of a society, due to the indisputable fact that children are the hope of a society. For instance, Chinese school adds more courses requiring creative thinking and innovative ideas, which aptly show the significance of creation and innovation in China.
In summary, for all the discussions above, we can safely draw the conclusion that the author’s suggestion is reasonable and feasible to some extent. However, his ruling out other choices to get to know a society is unwarranted and biased. I recommend an all-sided way to understand a society’s character, say, history and education.




165The following appeared in a business magazine.

"As a result of numerous consumer complaints of dizziness and nausea, Promofoods requested that eight million cans of tuna be returned for testing last year. Promofoods concluded that the cans did not, after all, contain chemicals that posed a health risk. This conclusion is based on the fact that the chemists from Promofoods tested samples of the recalled cans and found that, of the eight chemicals most commonly blamed for causing symptoms of dizziness and nausea, five were not found in any of the tested cans. The chemists did find that the three remaining suspected chemicals are naturally found in all other kinds of canned foods."


In this argument, the arguer concludes that the cans did not contain chemicals risky to health. To strengthen this conclusion, the arguer provides a test about recalled cans. At first glance, the argument might be somehow reasonable, but close scrutiny reveals that it contains several unconvincing flaws and is therefore unpersuasive.
First of all, the samples for the test should be statistically reliable. Unfortunately, however, we find little sign of such procedures for sampling, thus making it doubtful whether the cans constitute a sufficiently large sample to be representative of the overall eight million cans. Besides, the author fails to indicate how the rest conducted to lead the credibility to the conclusion. Whether the process of the test is authoritative or is there any drops and skips in the test, which both make the result unauthentic remains unknown. In addition, it is Promofoods itself who conducts this test. Thus I have good reason to doubt the credibility of the test. The company tends to draw a conclusion favorable to itself, so the methodology might be problematic. All these events would make the test unrepresentative, unconvincing and unreliable.
Second, even presume that there is no big error in the procedure of the test, the arguer unreasonably assumes that the eight chemicals are the only attributes causing dizziness and nausea. But this assumption is clearly mistaken. Only testing eight chemicals is absolutely insufficient. Let alone the result based on it. Maybe the
can contains a unique or even a new chemicals which are composed particularly with tuna and the materials making up of the cans. Without ruling out these possibilities, the author can’t curtly reach the conclusion.
Finally, the author fails to convince us that the three suspected chemicals found in cans of tuna have nothing to do with the problem of dizziness and nausea because they are found in all other kinds of canned foods. What if one of the three chemicals has special reaction with tuna and produce harmful matters? Without accounting for the explanation the arguer cannot simply ignore the three chemicals. Moreover the author assumes, as a matter of course, that the returned cans did not contain chemicals that posed a health risk. The author fails to account for the myriad other possible health risks that the recalled tuna might potentially pose. So in face of such limited information and obvious flaws, it is fallacious for the author the draw any conclusion at all.
To sum up, the arguer’s conclusion that the tuna cans don’t contain chemicals threatened to our health is not well supported as it stands. To bolster it, the author must provide more detail about the test, such as the number selected, the possibility of other poisonous chemicals. To better assess the problem, I would also need to know whether there is reaction between those things involved.

lmcdragonflyUID: 2601914

Issue 203
The study of the character of a society, so complicated as it sounds, has been regarded as a subject of great moment(nice), which involves custom, culture, history, the level of science and technology as well as civil living standard. Concerning this, the author’s suggestion that the character of heroes or heroines best represent the character of the society, from my perspective, is only one side of the matter, （The suggestion is one side of the matter?）and it ignores other effective alternatives to have a look of the character of a society. To better present my viewpoint let me illustrate it in detail.
Before we talk about the methodology of the study of the character, we should come to a consensus about the definition of the heroes or heroines. Heroes or heroines are men or women admired by their achievements or noble qualities. They can be a real person or exists in literary or dramatic work. They can be in a mass of fields such as science, politics, culture, sports or even entertainment world. Some heroes or heroines do reflect the character of a society, while others represents human inner idol with a certain great virtue.(这段英雄的定义对全文来说有点累赘。最后一句的意思柔和在首段即可)
To begin with, admittedly, the character of heroes or heroines, more or less, reflects mainstream value and moralities that a society and its members worship.
The author’s assertion gets the point in this sense.
Abraham Lincoln, leader of the movement to abolish slavery for equal right and against racial discrimination and segregations, is admired by the majority of American people, even scores of years after he signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This precisely mirrors the thing that all Americans ardently pursue and advocate: democracy, liberty and equality –these are, all men are created as equal, regardless of race, nationality, and origin, and no one are entitled to deprive others’ freedom and human rights. Without efforts of Lincoln, the black slavery may still be abused by slaver holder and live a life with no hope.（多余） Similarity, in the fight against poverty, Mother Teresa has forever remembered and memorized for her contributions to helping the poorest of the poor in India, which also reflects that our society cherish charity and human rights.（例子很好，很详细）

Nevertheless, in some case, people become heroes and heroines because they challenge the common sense of worth and the public’s comprehension of the world at their time. Heroes usually go ahead of their time, lead the development and promote the advance of human society.
Bruno, an Italian philosophy best known as a proponent of the infinity of the universe, was declared as a heretic and was burned at the stake. His action to fight against the Vatican and challenge common belief is brave and unique, which can’t reflect the custom and behavior at his era.（这段值得商榷，布鲁诺是英雄，但不能反映社会，但他更多的是后世认可的英雄而非他所属社会的认可的英雄，首先不太符合作者观点的假设）
To have a closer look at the matter, the author draws the conclusion too hastily that studying heroes and heroines is the shortcut to have a command of the society, neglecting other accesses available. As we all know, America is most characterized by its diversity of nationality, including Indians as natives, Spanish-American, Latin-Americans and Asian-Americans etc. To have an overall understanding of the society, one should turn into American history: the War of Independence, the westward movement as well as the gold rush all contribute to the hodgepodge of nationality. Furthermore, studying the school’s curriculums can somewhat tells us the temporary or probably future character of a society, due to the indisputable fact that children are the hope of a society. For instance, Chinese school adds more courses requiring creative thinking and innovative ideas, which aptly show the significance of creation and innovation in China.
In summary, for all the discussions above, we can safely draw the conclusion that the author’s suggestion is reasonable and feasible to some extent. However, his ruling out other choices to get to know a society is unwarranted and biased. （很有Argument风范哈）I recommend an all-sided way to understand a society’s character, say, history and education.
Issues行文流畅，例子翔实，但要注意的是文章的长度的可控性。还是很不错的。

Argument 165
In this argument, the arguer concludes that the cans did not contain chemicals risky to health. To strengthen this conclusion, the arguer provides a test about recalled cans. At first glance, the argument might be somehow reasonable, but close scrutiny reveals that it contains several unconvincing flaws and is therefore unpersuasive.
First of all, the samples for the test should be statistically reliable. Unfortunately, however, we find little sign of such procedures for sampling, thus making it doubtful whether the cans constitute a sufficiently large sample to be representative of the overall eight million cans. Besides, the author fails to indicate how the rest conducted to lead the credibility to the conclusion. Whether the process of the test is authoritative or is there any drops and skips in the test, which both makes the result unauthentic remains unknown（这句主语超长）. In addition, it is Promofoods itself who conducts this test. Thus I have good reason to doubt the credibility of the test. The company tends to draw a conclusion favorable to itself, so the methodology might be problematic. All these events would make the test unrepresentative, unconvincing and unreliable.
Second, even presume that there is no big error in the procedure of the test, the arguer unreasonably assumes that the eight chemicals are the only attributes causing dizziness and nausea. But this assumption is clearly mistaken. Only testing eight chemicals is absolutely insufficient. Let alone the result based on it. Maybe the
can contains a unique or even a new chemicals which are composed particularly with tuna and the materials making up of the cans. Without ruling out these possibilities, the author can’t curtly reach the conclusion.
Finally, the author fails to convince us that the three suspected chemicals found in cans of tuna have nothing to do with the problem of dizziness and nausea because they are found in all other kinds of canned foods. What if one of the three chemicals has special reaction with tuna and produce harmful matters? Without accounting for the explanation，（加了个逗号） the arguer cannot simply ignore the three chemicals. Moreover the author assumes, as a matter of course, that the returned cans did not contain chemicals that posed a health risk. The author fails to account for the myriad other possible health risks that the recalled tuna might potentially pose. So in face of such limited information and obvious flaws, it is fallacious for the author the draw any conclusion at all.
To sum up, the arguer’s conclusion that the tuna cans don’t contain chemicals threatened to our health is not well supported as it stands. To bolster it, the author must provide more detail about the test, such as the number selected, the possibility of other poisonous chemicals. To better assess the problem, I would also need to know whether there is reaction between those things involved.
Argument 感觉可说不多，写的很不错，条理清楚。只要在30分钟内能完成，我感觉考试就胜了。