offer something-reading's aid-after i see here an idea to emend the red bible

wstcwstcUID: 201563

after i see an idea on the forum,i don't know: Do we really need a wm-version bible?
when I was doing the antonymns and analogies, I find that if you are very familiar with the red bible,you almost won't make any wrong answer,it will help you more to spend more time on aw and reading comprehension or completing sentence.Remember,almost no word will be out of "Hong+Dian"!Don't waste time on trifles.wm can be refered to but can't be ricited

[ Last edited by wstcwstc on 2005-11-13 at 19:39 ]

wstcwstcUID: 201563

In YangPeng's <gre difficult sentences>, there's a list include all the "abstract words" but no available definitions, if someone have interest to add explanations on them,please send you definitions with you below.Tonight, i will work out some...

chaosUID: 2108187

just flying by...................

wstcwstcUID: 201563

word        definition
forestall        vt.
To delay, hinder, or prevent by taking precautionary measures beforehand.
领先，抢先用先发制人的办法排斥、阻碍或防止See: prevent
To deal with or think of beforehand; anticipate.
先人一着，预料抢在…的前面行动或考虑；比…先采取行动
Abolitionism        废除主义, 废奴主义
assume        To take upon oneself: 自己承担：
To undertake the duties of (an office):担任…的职务（官职）：
To take on; adopt:采取；采用：
To put on; don:穿；披：
To affect the appearance or possession of; feign.假装镇静的样子；冒充See: pretend
To take for granted; suppose:想当然；以为：：See: presume
To take over without justification; seize:无正当理由的接管；夺取：
commentary        n.
A series of explanations or interpretations. 解说词；评论一系列的解释或说明
Often commentaries
An expository treatise or series of annotations; an exegesis. 注释，训诂说明性的论述或一系列注解；注解
An apt explanation or illustration:一个恰当的表达或说明：
A personal narrative; a memoir.个人的生平；传记
academic        adj.abbr:acad.
Of, relating to, or characteristic of a school, especially one of higher learning. 学校的，学院的学校的、与学校有关的或具有学校特征的，尤其具有较高学识的
Relating to studies that are liberal or classical rather than technical or vocational. 文科的，文学的多指自由的或古典文化的学习，而不是技术或职业学习
Relating to scholarly performance:有关学术表现的：
Relating or belonging to a scholarly organization. 学术组织的学术组织的，有关学术团体的
Scholarly to the point of being unaware of the outside world. 学究式的，迂腐的除学术方面以外对外界毫无知觉
See: pedantic
Based on formal education. 基础理论的以正规教育为基础的
Formalistic or conventional.形式主义的，墨守成规的
Theoretical or speculative without a practical purpose or intention. 纯粹理论的，学理上的纯理论的或推理的，无实际目的或意图
See: theoretical
Having no practical purpose or use. 脱离实际的，空论的没有实际目的或用途的

n.
One who is a member of an institution of higher learning. 大学教师，大学生高等专业知识学院里的人
A person who has an academic viewpoint or a scholarly background. 学术界人士有学术观点或学术背景的人
assumption        The act of taking to or upon oneself: 独自承担自己承担的行动：
The act of taking over: 夺取夺取的行动：
The act of taking for granted: 想当然想当然的行为：
Something taken for granted or accepted as true without proof; a supposition: 假定，假设未经证实就想当然地认为或接受某事为真；假定：
Presumption; arrogance.自负；傲慢
commit        To do, perform, or perpetrate: 犯作、实行或犯（罪）：
To put in trust or charge; entrust. 委托置于委托或托管人；信托
To place officially in confinement or custody, as in a mental health facility. 收监，收押置于官方限制或保护，如在精神健康设施
To consign for future use or reference or for preservation: 交付，保管为将来使用、参考或保存而寄存：
To put into a place to be kept safe or to be disposed of. 担保放在保持安全或予以处理的位置上
To make known the views of (oneself) on an issue: 表明使对一个问题的观点被知道（某人自己）：
To bind or obligate, as by a pledge: 致力于约束或强制，如经由誓言：
To refer (a legislative bill, for example) to a committee.把（例如立法议案）提交委员会

v.intr.
To pledge or obligate one's own self:使负责，使受约束：
acceptance        The act or process of accepting. 接受，收受接受的行为或过程
The state of being accepted or acceptable. 领受，受理被接受或可被接受的状态
Favorable reception; approval.赞同；肯定
Belief in something; agreement.信任；认同
A formal indication by a debtor of willingness to pay a time draft or bill of exchange. 承兑，认付负债人的正式表明愿意偿还一定期汇票或汇票
attain        To gain as an objective; achieve. 达到，获得作为实体得到；取得
To arrive at, as by virtue of persistence or the passage of time. 到达经过不懈的努力或一段时间后达到
See: reach

v.intr.
To succeed in a directed effort, process, or progression: 到达，达到，获得经过针对性的努力，过程或进取而成功：
competent        Properly or sufficiently qualified; capable: 胜任的合适或足以胜任的；有能力的：
Adequate for the purpose: 适当的符合要求的：
accidental        Occurring unexpectedly, unintentionally, or by chance.意外的，偶然发生的
attitude        A position of the body or manner of carrying oneself: 姿势，姿态身体或行为的姿态：See: posture
A state of mind or a feeling; disposition: 心态，看法心理或感情的状态；性情：
The orientation of an aircraft's axes relative to a reference line or plane, such as the horizon. 飞机姿势，姿态飞机轴相对于某一参照直线或平面，如地平线所处的位置
The orientation of a spacecraft relative to its direction of motion. 飞行姿态宇宙飞船相对于其飞行方向所处的位置
complex        Consisting of interconnected or interwoven parts; composite. 复合的由互相关联或交织的部分构成的；复合的
Composed of two or more units: 合成的由两个或多个单元组成的：
Involved or intricate, as in structure; complicated. 复杂的在结构中牵扯较多的或错综复杂的；复杂的

【语法】
Consisting of at least one bound form. Used of a word. 复合词的具有至少一种组合形式的。用于单词
Consisting of an independent clause and at least one other independent or dependent clause. Used of a sentence. 复合句的包含一个独立主句和至少一个独立或非独立从句的。用于句子

n.
A whole composed of interconnected or interwoven parts: 合成体由相互关联交织的部分组成的整体：
【医学】
The combination of factors, symptoms, or signs of a disease or disorder that forms a syndrome. 综合症状形成综合病症的全部因素、病症、或疾病或失调外在表象的综合特征
Accommodate        To do a favor or service for; oblige. 帮助，予人方便帮助或提供服务；施惠于
See: oblige
To provide for; supply with.提供；供应
To hold comfortably without crowding. 容纳，提供空间宽绰而不拥挤
See: contain
To make suitable; adapt.使适应；使符合
See: adapt
To allow for; consider:允许；考虑：
To settle; reconcile.解决；和解
Attune        To bring into a harmonious or responsive relationship: 使协调，使一致，使适合使进入和谐或协调的关系：
【音乐】
To put (an instrument) into correct tune. 调（乐器）的音，为…调音将（乐器）音调调至正确
Comprise        To consist of; be composed of:由…构成；由…组成：
To include; contain:包含；包括：See: include

To compose; constitute:组成；构成：
acknowledge        To admit the existence, reality, or truth of. 承认确认某物的存在、现实或真相
To recognize as being valid or having force or power. 确认有效，承认权威确认有效或有权力或权威
To express recognition of: 承认表示承认…：
acknowledge a friend's smile.对一个朋友的笑做出反应
To express thanks or gratitude for. 答谢，致谢，鸣谢表示对…的感谢或感激
To report the receipt of.告知收到，确认收悉
Authenticate        To establish the authenticity of; prove genuine: 验证使具有真实的效力；证明其真实性：
See: confirm
Conception        Formation of a viable zygote by the union of the male sperm and the female ovum; fertilization. 受精通过雄性精子与雌性卵细胞结合而形成受精卵的过程；受精
The entity formed by the union of the male sperm and the female ovum; an embryo or a zygote. 合子精子与卵子结合成的物体；胚胎或合子
The ability to form or understand mental concepts and abstractions. 构思力形成或理解理性或抽象概念的能力
Something conceived in the mind; a concept, plan, design, idea, or thought. 设想在脑海中构想的事物；概念、计划、设计或思想
See: idea
【古语】
A beginning; a start.起始；开始
acknowledgement        n.承认, 确认, 感谢
Authorization        The act of authorizing.授权的行为
Something that authorizes; sanction. 认可经过官方认可、授权的东西；批准
See: permission
Conceptual        Of, consisting of, or relating to concepts or conception:概念的、与之有关的或组成概念的：
Acquisition        The act of acquiring. 获得，取得获得、取得的行为
availability        n.有效性, 可利用性[率]
可得到的东西[人员]
(候选人的)当选可能性
Conclusion        The close or last part; the end or finish. 结束结束的或最后的部分；结尾或末端
The result or outcome of an act or process. 结局一个活动或过程的结果或结局
A judgment or decision reached after deliberation. 推定经过细心分析得出的结论或判断
See: decision
A final arrangement or settlement, as of a treaty. 缔结最后安排或安置，例如和约
Address        To speak to:与…说话：
To make a formal speech to. 讲演发表正式演说
To direct (a spoken or written message) to the attention of: 提出提交（口头或书面的报告）以引起…的注意：
To mark with a destination: 写地址标注目的地：
To direct the efforts or attention of (oneself): 忙于，专注于，投入集中（某人的）精力或注意力：
To deal with:处理：
To dispatch or consign (a ship, for example) to an agent or factor. 寄送，托运派遣或寄送（例如船只）给代理商店或代理人

n.
A formal spoken or written communication: 称呼正式的口头或书面的交流：
A formal speech. 演说正式的演讲
The written or printed directions on mail or other deliverable items indicating destination. 地址信件或其它可投递物品上标明目的地的手写或打印说明
The location at which a particular organization or person may be found or reached. 住址可以找到或抵达的某特定组织或个人的所在地  Often addresses

Courteous attentions. 殷勤，求爱谦恭的殷勤
The manner or bearing of a person, especially in conversation. 举止，谈吐一个人的行为或风度，特别是在谈话中
Skill, deftness, and grace in dealing with people or situations. 技巧，本领待人接物方面的技巧、机敏或优雅
See: tact
The act of dispatching or consigning a ship, as to an agent or a factor. 寄送，托运派遣或寄送船只给代理商店或代理人的行为
Beset        To attack from all sides. 围攻从各个侧面攻击
To trouble persistently; harass.不断打扰；困扰
See: attack
To hem in; surround:包围；围绕：
To stud, as with jewels.镶嵌，如用珠宝
Conditional        Imposing, depending on, or containing a condition. 视…而定的有影响的、取决于或有条件的 See: dependent

【语法】
Stating, containing, or implying a condition. 条件的表明、包含或暗含条件的

【心理学】
Brought about by conditioning. 有条件的由一定条件所诱发的

n. Grammar
A mood, tense, clause, or word expressing a condition. 条件（从句）表示条件的语气、时态、从句或词
Adjustment        The act of adjusting or the state of being adjusted. 调整，调节调整的行为或被调整的状态
A means of adjusting.调整装置
Settlement of a debt or claim. 金额理算债务或索赔的清算
A modification, fluctuation, or correction:修正，变动，改正：
Boom        v.intr.
To make a deep, resonant sound. 发出隆隆声发出低沉而有回响的声音
To grow or develop rapidly; flourish: 快速发展迅速成长或发展：暴涨：

v.tr.
To utter or give forth with a deep, resonant sound:以低沉而有回响的声音发出：
To cause to grow or flourish; boost. 使繁荣引起成长或暴涨；使迅速发展

n.
A deep resonant sound, as of an explosion. 隆隆声低沉而有回响的声音，比如爆炸声
A time of economic prosperity. 繁荣一段时间的经济繁荣
A sudden increase, as in popularity. 激增突然的增长，如人口激增
Configuration        Arrangement of parts or elements. 布局部件或元素的配置
The form, as of a figure, determined by the arrangement of its parts or elements. 轮廓由其各部分或元素配置决定的外形，如图案
See: form
Aesthetic        Relating to the philosophy or theories of aesthetics. 美学的有关美学的哲学或理论的
Of or concerning the appreciation of beauty or good taste: 审美的属于或关于美的欣赏或有良好品味的：
Characterized by a heightened sensitivity to beauty. 美感的对美具有高度敏感的
Artistic:艺术的：

【非正式用语】
Conforming to accepted notions of good taste. 审美情趣的与普遍接受的良好品味相一致的

n.
A guiding principle in matters of artistic beauty and taste; artistic sensibility: 美学标准，美感艺术观及艺术品味方面的指导性原则；艺术敏感性：
An underlying principle, a set of principles, or a view often manifested by outward appearances or style of behavior: 审美观通常由外表或行为风格体现的基本原则、一组原则或观点：
Border        A part that forms the outer edge of something. 边界，边缘形成事物外部边缘的部分
A decorative strip around the edge of something, such as fabric. 装饰边事物周边作装饰性的条块，如织花边
The line or frontier area separating political divisions or geographic regions; a boundary.
边境政治划分或地理区域的分隔线或边界；分界线

v.tr.
To put a border on.作为…的边界
To lie along or adjacent to the border of: 相连沿着或毗接于…的边界：

v.intr.
To lie adjacent to another: 毗接与另一个毗接：
To be almost like another in character: 近似特征上与另一个近似：
Confine        To keep within bounds; restrict: 限制使局限于；限制：See: limit
To shut or keep in, especially to imprison. 禁闭关闭或禁闭，尤指在监狱里
To restrict in movement:限制行动：
To border.为…的边界

Confines n.
the limits of a space or an area; the borders: 边界空间或地区的界限；边界：
within the confines of one county.在一国的国境内
Restraining elements: 约束限制的要素：
Purview; scope:范围；区间：
Anecdotal        Of, characterized by, or full of anecdotes. 轶事的轶事的，有轶事特征的，多轶事的
Broad        Wide in extent from side to side:宽的，广的：
Large in expanse; spacious:辽阔的；广褒的：
Having a certain width from side to side: 宽的具有从一边到另一边的特定宽度：
Full; open:充满的；敞开的：
Covering a wide scope; general:广泛的；一般的：
Liberal; tolerant:自由的；宽容的：
See: broad-minded
Relating to or covering the main facts or the essential points. 概括性的与主要事实或基本观点有关的，或包含主要事实或基本观点的
Plain and clear; obvious:明白清楚的；明晰的：
Obsolete
Confrontation        The act of confronting or the state of being confronted, especially a meeting face to face. 对抗对抗的行为或对抗的状态，尤指面对面的遭遇
A conflict involving armed forces: 武装对抗涉及武装力量的冲突：
Discord or a clash of opinions and ideas: 不和观点或思想的不和或冲撞：
A focused comparison:认真地比较：
Antithesis        Direct contrast; opposition.直接对比；对立
The direct or exact opposite:直接对照，强烈对照：
A figure of speech in which sharply contrasting ideas are juxtaposed in a balanced or parallel phrase or grammatical structure, as in 对偶一种将强烈对立的想法并列于稳定、对等的短语或语法结构中的修辞方法
Capable        Having capacity or ability; efficient and able: 有才能的,有才能的或有能力的；有效率而精干的：
Having the ability required for a specific task or accomplishment; qualified: 有…能力的有做某一特定工作和任务所必备的能力的；合格的：
Having the inclination or disposition:有某一种倾向或品性的：
Susceptible; permitting:容易招致…的；允许…的：
Confuse        To cause to be unable to think with clarity or act with intelligence or understanding; throw off. 使迷惑使不能清析地思考或理智地行动；使犯错误
To cause to feel embarrassment.使感觉窘迫
To mistake (one thing for another):误解（一个当成另一个）：
To make opaque; blur:使不透明；把…弄模糊：
To assemble without order or sense; jumble. 使混乱无感觉或顺序的糅合；使混淆

v.intr.
To make something unclear or incomprehensible:使得某物不清楚或不易理解：
Apparently        adv.显然地
Channel        The bed of a stream or river.河床，河槽
The deeper part of a river or harbor, especially a deep navigable passage. 深水航道河流或港湾较深部分，尤指深水航道
A broad strait, especially one that connects two seas. 海峡宽的海峡，尤指沟通两大海域者
A trench, furrow, or groove.沟渠，沟槽
A tubular passage for liquids; a conduit. 水管液体流过的管道；引水道
A course or passage through which something may move or be directed: 途径，路径，方法途径或渠道，通过它事物移动或导引某物：

v.tr.
To make or cut channels in.在…挖沟，在…上开筑水道
To form a groove or flute in.在…上开槽
To direct or guide along some desired course: 引导，指导使经过某种路线行动或引导：
channels her curiosity into research.
将她的好奇心引导到研究上去
To serve as a medium for (a spirit guide). 作为灵媒做（精神导师的）媒介
Congenial        Having the same tastes, habits, or temperament; sympathetic. 同类的具有同样的品味、习性或性情的；同情的
Of a pleasant disposition; friendly and sociable: 性格温和的令人愉快的性格的；友好的或好交际的：
Suited to one's needs or nature; agreeable: 相宜的适于某人需要或性格的；适合的：
Apportion        To divide and assign according to a plan; allot. 分配，分摊根据计划分配；分派
See: assign
Characteristic        Being a feature that helps to distinguish a person or thing; distinctive: 显著的作为能帮助突出人或东西的特征的；独特的：

n.
A feature that helps to identify, tell apart, or describe recognizably; a distinguishing mark or trait. 特性能帮助明显地辨认、区分或作描述的特征；突出的标记或特征

【数学】
The integral part of a logarithm as distinguished from the mantissa: 对数的整数部分对数的不同于尾数的首数：
Consequently        adv., conj.所以，因此
Appraise        To evaluate, especially in an official capacity. 评估评价，尤指以官方身份作的评价
To estimate the quality, amount, size, and other features of; judge. 估量估计质量、数量、规模或其他特征；评判
See: estimate
Characterization        The act or an instance of characterizing. 特色特色化的行为或事实
A description of qualities or peculiarities:特性描述：
a list of places of interest, with brief characterizations of each.名胜古迹表中每一个都带有简短的特点描述
Representation of a character or characters on the stage or in writing, especially by imitating or describing actions, gestures, or speeches. 人物塑造在舞台上或作品中对一个人物或几个人物的艺术再现，尤指通过模仿或描写他们的动作、手势或讲话来表现
Considerably        adj.
值得考虑的， 不可忽视的， 重要的
相当（大， 多）的， 可观的
Approach        To come near or nearer, as in space or time: 接近靠近或靠得更近，如在空间或时间上：

v.tr.
To come or go near or nearer to: 接近，靠近来或去接近或更接近于：
To come close to, as in appearance, quality, or condition; approximate: 近乎接近，如在外貌，质量，或条件上；接近：
To make a proposal or overtures to with a specific end in view: 提议对某事持特别见解，做出提案或提出建议：
To begin to deal with or work on: 着手开始处理或工作于：

n.
The act of approaching: 接近接近的行为：
A fairly close resemblance; an approximation. 接近相当近似；接近
A way or means of reaching something; an access: 途径达到某些事的途径或方法；通路：
The method used in dealing with or accomplishing: 步骤用于处理或完成的方法：
An advance or overture made by one person to another. 提议，建议由一个人为另一人做出的提议或提案
Charting        A map showing coastlines, water depths, or other information of use to navigators. 航海图标出海岸线、水深或供航海者使用的其他信息的地图
An outline map on which specific information, such as scientific data, can be plotted. 轮廓图上面可标绘如科学数据的特殊信息的轮廓图，
A sheet presenting information in the form of graphs or tables. 记录纸以字符或表格的形式记录信息的纸
See: graph
A listing of best-selling recorded music or other items. Often used with  the. 最畅销品目录最畅销的唱片或其他物品的目录单。常与 the连用

Chart  v.tr.
To make a chart of.绘制…的图表
To plan (something) in detail:详细计划（某事）：
Consign        To give over to the care of another; entrust. 委托把…付给另一个人照顾；委托
To turn over permanently to another's charge or to a lasting condition; commit irrevocably: 托管把…永久性地交给另一个人管理或使…进入一种永久状态中；不可撤回地把…给予：
To deliver (merchandise, for example) for custody or sale. 寄售发送（如商品）去代为保管或出售
To set apart, as for a special use or purpose; assign. 拨出（为某一专门用途或目的）留出；分配
See: commit

v.intr.
To submit; consent.让步；同意
Approximation        The act, process, or result of approximating. 接近接近的行为，过程或结果
Claim        To demand or ask for as one's own or one's due; assert one's right to: 主张，要求要求或寻求…归为己有；维护自己对…的权利：
To take in a violent manner as if by right: 索取，夺走采用一种貌似合理的暴力手段取走：
To state to be true, especially when open to question; assert or maintain: 断言，宣称声称正确，尤指面对质疑时；极力主张或坚持：
To deserve or call for; require:应该得到或要求；需要：

n.
A demand for something as rightful or due. 要求凭权利或预约要求得到某事物
A basis for demanding something; a title or right. 要求权要求某事物的基础；凭证或权利
Something claimed in a formal or legal manner, especially a tract of public land staked out by a miner or homesteader. 申请产权以正常或合法的方式提出的对某事物的要求，尤指矿工或定居移民用桩围起的一块公共土地
A demand for payment in accordance with an insurance policy or other formal arrangement. 索赔遵照保险单或其它正规约定的赔偿要求
The sum of money demanded. 赔款要求得到的金额
A statement of something as a fact; an assertion of truth: 主张声明某事为事实；断言真实
Constitute        To be the elements or parts of; compose: 构成构成…部分或成分；组成：
To amount to; equal:等同于；相等：
To set up or establish according to law or provision: 设立根据法律或规定来创建或设立：
a body that is duly constituted under the charter.根据宪章成立的组织
To found (an institution, for example).创建（例如机构等）
To enact (a law or regulation). 制定制订颁布（法律或规章）
To appoint to an office, dignity, function, or task; designate. 指派指定…担任职位、官阶、委派…执行职责或任务；指派
Apt        Exactly suitable; appropriate: 恰当的完全适合的；合适的：See: fit
Having a natural tendency; inclined: 倾向的有一种自然倾向的；倾向的：See: liable likely
Quick to learn or understand: 聪明的迅速学习或理解的：
Classical        Of or relating to the ancient Greeks and Romans, especially their art, architecture, and literature. 古希腊罗马的古希腊和古罗马的，或与其有关的，尤指其艺术、建筑和文学
Conforming to the artistic and literary models of ancient Greece and Rome. 古典的符合古希腊和古罗马艺术或文学模式的
Versed in the classics:精通于古典文学的：
Of or relating to the most artistically developed stage of a civilization: 古典风味的一个文明中艺术发展成就最高的阶段的：
Standard and authoritative rather than new or experimental: 正规的，权威的标准的或权威性的而不是新的或实验性的：
Well-known; classic:著名的；永久的：
Of or relating to nonrelativistic or nonquantum physics: 非量子物理的，经典的不属于相对论物理和量子论物理的：
Relating to or consisting of studies in the humanities and general sciences: 文科的，人文科学的关于或包括对人文科学和普通科学的学习的：
Constitution        The act or process of composing, setting up, or establishing. 建立构成、设立或建立的行为或过程
The composition or structure of something; makeup. 构造某物的组成或结构；构造
The physical makeup of a person: 体质一个人的身体特质：
See: physique

The system of fundamental laws and principles that prescribes the nature, functions, and limits of a government or another institution. 章程规定一个政府或其它机构的性质、职责及权限的基本法律及原则体系
The document on which such a system is recorded. 宪法记载这种体制的文件
Architectural        建筑学的; 建筑上的
具有某些建筑风格的特征、装饰或纹样的

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Architectural        建筑学的; 建筑上的
具有某些建筑风格的特征、装饰或纹样的
Clerical        adj.
Of or relating to clerks or office workers or their work. 办事员的，职员的，文书的职员、办公室人员或其工作的，或与之相关的
Of, relating to, or characteristic of the clergy. 教士的，牧师的神职人员的、与之相关的或具备其特征的
Advocating clericalism. 教权主义的鼓吹教权主义的

n.
A member of the clergy. 牧师神职人员之一员
Construct        To form by assembling or combining parts; build. 建造通过装配或组合部件而构成；建造
To create (an argument or a sentence, for example) by systematically arranging ideas or terms. 构筑通过对思想或词语的系统排列而创造或编造（例如论据或句子）

n.
Something formed or constructed from parts. 构成物由各部分形成或构成的物体
A concept, model, or schematic idea: 概念概念、模式或构念：
A concrete image or idea: 形象具体的形象或观念：
Argue        To put forth reasons for or against; debate: 争论为…提出理由或提出理由反对；辩论：
To attempt to prove by reasoning; maintain or contend: 坚持，主张列举证明极力列举理由以证明；坚持或主张：
To give evidence of; indicate:给出…证据；指出：
To persuade or influence (another), as by presenting reasons: 说服，劝告说服或影响（他人），如通过提出理由：

v.intr.
To put forth reasons for or against something: 争辩提出理由以表示（赞成）或反对某事：
argued for dismissal of the case; argued against an immediate counterattack.主张驳回诉讼；据理力争反对立即反攻
To engage in a quarrel; dispute.参与争吵；争论
Clinical        Of, relating to, or connected with a clinic. 门诊的门诊的、与门诊相关的或与之有联系的
Involving or based on direct observation of the patient: 临床的涉及或基于对患者的直接观察的：
Very objective and devoid of emotion; analytical: 分析的，客观的十分客观且不带个人情感的；分析的：
Suggestive of a medical clinic; austere and antiseptic: 冷静的，严峻的令人联想到医疗诊所的；严肃的、冷静的：
Construction        The act or process of constructing. 构筑建筑的行为或过程
The art, trade, or work of building: 建筑建筑的技术、行业或作品：
A structure, such as a building, framework, or model. 构架一种结构，如建筑物、框架或模型等
Something fashioned or devised systematically: 历程有步骤地形成或设计出的事物：
An artistic composition using various materials; an assemblage or a collage. 艺术品用各种材料制成的艺术作品；装配艺术品或拼贴艺术品
The way in which something is built or put together: 建筑式样建筑或装配某物的方法样式：
The interpretation or explanation given to an expression or a statement: 诠释对一个措辞或陈述所作出的阐明或解释：
Art        Human effort to imitate, supplement, alter, or counteract the work of nature. 人工技术用于模仿，补充，改变或抵消自然物品的人工尝试
The conscious production or arrangement of sounds, colors, forms, movements, or other elements in a manner that affects the sense of beauty, specifically the production of the beautiful in a graphic or plastic medium. 艺术以引起美感的方式，有意识地生产或排列声音，颜色，形状，动作或其它成分的产物，尤指用绘画或雕塑方式产生的漂亮的作品
High quality of conception or execution, as found in works of beauty; aesthetic value. 美术高质量的观念或制作，如表现在美的作品中的；美学价值
A system of principles and methods employed in the performance of a set of activities: 技术进行一系列行动所使用的一套原则和方法：
A trade or craft that applies such a system of principles and methods:应用这套原则和方法的职业或技艺：
Skill that is attained by study, practice, or observation: 手艺通过学习，操练或观察而获得的技巧：
Skill arising from the exercise of intuitive faculties: 本能产生于（行使）直觉能力的技巧：

arts
Artful devices, stratagems, and tricks. 诡计狡猾的手段，诡计和计谋
Artful contrivance; cunning. 阴谋狡猾的计谋；诡计
Coexistent        adj.同在的， 共存的， 同时代的
Consume        To eat or drink up; ingest. 吃光吃完或喝完；吞下See: eat
To expend; use up: 消耗花费；耗尽：
To purchase (goods or services) for direct use or ownership. 消费为直接使用或拥有而购买的（商品或服务）
To waste; squander.浪费；挥霍See: waste
To destroy totally; ravage: 毁灭彻底毁坏；毁灭：
To absorb; engross:使全神贯注；使入迷：See: monopolize

v.intr.
To be destroyed, expended, or wasted.被毁灭、耗尽或浪费
To purchase economic goods and services:购买经济的商品及服务：
Artifact        An object produced or shaped by human craft, especially a tool, a weapon, or an ornament of archaeological or historical interest. 人工制品人工生产或仿制的物品，尤指工具，武器，或带有考古或历史趣味的装饰品
A typical product or result: 典型产物典型后果或结果：
Coherent        adj.
粘着［附， 合］的， 有凝聚力的， 互相密合的， 凝固的
连贯的， 有条理的， 清晰的， 易懂的
相干［关］的， 可干涉的
耦［结］合的， 相连接的
Consumption        The act or process of consuming. 消耗消耗的行为或过程
The state of being consumed. 被耗尽被耗尽、用完的状态
An amount consumed. 消耗量所消耗的数量
【经济学】
The using up of goods and services by consumer purchasing or in the production of other goods. 消费消费者在购买或生产其它商品时所消耗的商品及服务
【病理学】
A progressive wasting of body tissue. 身体耗损身体组织的逐步耗损
Aspect        A particular look or facial expression; mien: 容貌，表情一种特别的样子或面貌表情；面貌：
Appearance to the eye, especially from a specific vantage point. 观点出现于眼睛里尤指从一具体的有利点
A way in which something can be viewed by the mind: 视点，角度某物能通过大脑被看到的方式：See: phase
A position facing or commanding a given direction; exposure. 方位座向面临或朝向一指定方向的位置；方位
A side or surface facing in a particular direction: 方位，朝向面对一具体方向的一侧或一表面：
the ventral aspect of the body.身体的腹面
The configuration of the stars or planets in relation to one another.星位，行或恒星的相互位置
This configuration, thought by astrologers to influence human affairs. 星象命运这种相互位置，占星者认为会影响人事祸福
Coincident        Occupying the same area in space or happening at the same time: 同时发生的在空间占据相同区域或在同一时间发生的：See: contemporary
Being very similar to another, as in nature: 相似的与另一个非常相似，如在性质上：
testimony that was coincident with the actual facts.与事实相符合的证据
Matching point for point; coinciding: 符合的点与点相符合的；重合的：
Contemplate        v.tr.
To look at attentively and thoughtfully. 注视专心和留意地看See: see
To consider carefully and at length; meditate on or ponder: 思忖仔细、长久地考虑；思忖或思考：
To have in mind as an intention or possibility: 打算在心里盘算或认为…有可能性：

v.intr.
To ponder; meditate. 默思思考；沉思默想
Assess        v.tr.
To estimate the value of (property) for taxation. 估价为征税估定（财产）的价值
To set or determine the amount of (a payment, such as a tax or fine). 确定金额确定或决定（某项付费，如税或罚款）的金额
To charge (a person or property) with a special payment, such as a tax or fine. 征税对（某人或财产）征收特殊费用，如税或罚款
To determine the value, significance, or extent of; appraise. 评价评估某事物的价值，意义或程度；评估See: estimate
Commend        v.tr.
To represent as worthy, qualified, or desirable; recommend. 推荐作为可尊敬的、合格的或令人想要的来提出；推荐
To express approval of; praise.表示赞同；称赞See: praise
To commit to the care of another; entrust. 委托委托另一人照应；委托
Contemporary        adj.abbr
Belonging to the same period of time:属于同时期的：
Of about the same age.（大约）同年龄的
Current; modern:当前的；现代（派）的：
contemporary

n.
One of the same time or age: 同龄人同一时代或同一年龄的人：
A person of the present age.当前时代的人
Functional        adj.
Of or relating to a function. 职责的有职责的或与职责有关的
Of, relating to, or indicating a mathematical function or functions. 函数的一个或多个数学函数的、与此有关的或精于此的
Designed for or adapted to a particular function or use: 实用的适应某种功能或用途的：
Capable of performing; operative:有功能的；在起作用的：

【病理学】
Involving functions rather than a physiological or structural cause. 机能的由功能方面的原因而不是心理或构造原因引起的
Continuously        adj.
（时间或空间上）持续不断的， 连续不断的

【植】无节的
延伸［长］的
顺序［次］的
【数】连续函数的
【语】进行时
Domain        n.
A territory over which rule or control is exercised. 领土被统治或控制的领地
A sphere of activity, concern, or function; a field: 领域活动、思想、功能等领域；范围：See: field
Fundamental        adj.
Of or relating to the foundation or base; elementary: 基础的基础或基本的或与此有关的；根本的：
Forming or serving as an essential component of a system or structure; central: 主要的形成或作为系统或结构的重要组成部分的：
Of great significance or entailing major change: 十分重要的极其重要的或主宰重大变化的：

n.
Something that is an essential or necessary part of a system or object. 基础系统或事物极其重要或必不可缺的部分
Contravention        The act of contravening; a violation. 违犯与…相抵触的行为；违犯
Draft        A current of air in an enclosed area. 气流封闭空间中的气流
A device that regulates the flow or circulation of air. 调节气流的装置调节空气流动或循环的装置
The act of pulling loads; traction. 拖拽拖动装载物的行为；牵引
Something that is pulled or drawn; a load. 负荷物被拉或拖动的东西；装载物
A team of animals used to pull loads. 驮重物的兽群队伍用来拉重物的一群牲口

A heavy demand on resources. 强大需求对资源的强大需求
A written order directing the payment of money from an account or fund. 汇款指示直接从户头或基金付款的书面命令
A gulp, a swallow, or an inhalation.吞、饮或吸入
The amount taken in by a single act of drinking or inhaling. 吸入量由一次动作饮入或吸入的量
A measured portion; a dose.一定的量；一剂
The drawing of a liquid, as from a cask or keg. 汲取汲取液体，如从桶中
An amount drawn:汲取液体的量：
The process or method of selecting one or more individuals from a group, as for a service or duty: 挑选从团体中选出一个人或若干人来承担某种服务或职责的方法或过程：
Compulsory enrollment in the armed forces; conscription. 征兵军队的义务服役的注册；征兵
A body of people selected or conscripted.被选出或征召服役的一群人

A preliminary outline of a plan, document, or picture: 草稿计划、文件或图画的初步草案：
A representation of something to be constructed. 代表所构想的某种东西的表现

draft
v.
To select from a group for some usually compulsory service:
选拔为某种，通常是义务性的服务而从一群人中选拔：
To draw up a preliminary version of or plan for. 起草为…制定草案或计划
To create by thinking and writing; compose: 拟稿通过思考或写作来创造；创作：

v.intr.
To drive close behind another vehicle to take advantage of the reduced air pressure in its wake. 车的尾流优势驱车紧跟在另一辆车的后面以便利用其尾流里被减弱的空气压力的优势

adj.
Suited for or used for drawing heavy loads:适于或用于牵引重物的：
Drawn from a cask or tap:从木桶或酒桶中汲出的：
Gain        v.tr.
To come into possession or use of; acquire: 获得，赚得获得所有权或使用权；得到：
To attain in competition or struggle; win: 赢得，得胜通过竞争或努力获得；赢得：
To obtain through effort or merit; achieve: 取得，获得通过努力或功绩获得；得到：
To secure as profit or reward; earn: 谋得，谋生获得利益或奖励；挣得：
To manage to achieve an increase of: 增加努力得到增加：
To increase by (a specific amount): 增长增加到（一特定的量）：
To come to; reach:到达；抵达：See: reach
To become fast by (a specified amount of time). Used of a timepiece: 走快，变快比（特定）的时间快。用于表：

v.intr.
To increase; grow:增加，增长：
To become better; improve:变好，增进：
To obtain a profit or advantage; benefit:获得利益或好处；获益：
To close a gap; get closer:减少差距；接近：
To increase a lead.扩大差距
To put on weight:增加体重：
To operate or run fast. Used of a timepiece. 走得快，跑得快走得快，跑得快。指钟表

n.
Something gained or acquired: 获得物羸得或获得的事物：
Progress; advancement:进步，增进：
The act of acquiring; attainment. 获得获得某物的行为；得到
An increase in amount or degree 增加总额或程度的增加：
Conventionalize        To make conventional. 使习俗化使…符合习俗
Dramatize        To adapt (a literary work) for dramatic presentation, as in a theater or on television or radio. 编剧为剧场、电视或广播而将文学作品改编成戏剧表现形式
To present or view in a dramatic or melodramatic way. 戏剧性以戏剧性的或传记性的方式表现或看待

v.intr.
To be adaptable to dramatic form.被改编成戏剧形式
To indulge in self-dramatization.沉溺于自我戏剧化
General        Concerned with, applicable to, or affecting the whole or every member of a class or category: 全体的，全面的与一个集团或类别的全部或每一成员有关系的、适用的、有影响力的：
Affecting or characteristic of the majority of those involved; prevalent: 普遍的，流行的影响有关事物的大多数的，具有大多数的特征的；流行的：
Being usually the case; true or applicable in most instances but not all: 大致的，概略的通常在大部分但并不是所有情形都真实或适用的：
Not limited in scope, area, or application: 一般性的，到处的不限于领域、地区或应用的：
Not limited to or dealing with one class of things; diversified: 多样的，普通的不限于或不仅仅处理一种事物的；多元化的：
Involving only the main features rather than precise details: 大体上的只涉及到主要特征，而不是精细细节的：
Highest or superior in rank: 最高的在职位上最高或占优势地位的：

n.
A commissioned rank in the U.S. Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps that is above lieutenant general. 一级上将美国陆军、空军或海军中在上尉之上一军阶
One who holds this rank or a similar rank in another military organization. 司令官在另一种部队组织中拥有此官衔或类似官衔的
A statement, principle, or fact that embraces or is applicable to the whole. 原则陈述、原则或事实，包括或对全部都适用

【古语】
The public.公众
Conventionally        adj.
常规的， 通常的， 传统的
受俗套束缚的， 按习惯办事的， 陈旧的
约［协］定的； 会议的
形式上的
可任意选择的
Drawing        The act or an instance of drawing. 画画的动作或实例
The art of representing objects or forms on a surface chiefly by means of lines. 绘画主要用线条在平面上表现一物体或形式的艺术
A work produced by this art. 图画这种艺术创作出的作品
Generalization        The act or an instance of generalizing. 归纳归纳的行为或实例
A principle, a statement, or an idea having general application.概括的原则、叙述或思想
Correspond        To be in agreement, harmony, or conformity. 一致一致、和谐或相配
To be similar or equivalent in character, quantity, origin, structure, or function: 相似，相当在特点、质量、产地、结构或功能上相似或相等：See: agree
To communicate by letter, usually over a period of time. 交流通过信件交流、通常在一段时期内
Corrupt        Marked by immorality and perversion; depraved. 贪污的，堕落的以不道德或堕落为特征的；堕落的
Venal; dishonest:易受贿的；不诚实的：
Containing errors or alterations, as a text: 讹误的含有错误或变化的，如在文章中：

【古语】
Tainted; putrid.有污点的；肮脏的

v.tr.
To destroy or subvert the honesty or integrity of. 使堕落，变坏破坏或毁灭…的诚实或正直
To ruin morally; pervert.在道德上毁灭；使腐化
To taint; contaminate.使有缺点；玷污
To cause to become rotten; spoil.使变腐坏；宠坏
To change the original form of (a text, for example). 使讹误改变其最初形式（如文章）

v.intr.
To become corrupt.变腐败
Council        An assembly of persons called together for consultation, deliberation, or discussion. 会议召集在一起进行咨询、评议和讨论的一群人
A body of people elected or appointed to serve in an administrative, legislative, or advisory capacity. 委员会，理事会选出或委派的行使行政、司法和协商功能的群体
An assembly of church officials and theologians convened for regulating matters of doctrine and discipline. 会议、公会议教会官员和神学研究者的集会，来规定宗教条例和原则等事务
The discussion or deliberation that takes place in such an assembly or body. 商议在这种集会或群体中进行的讨论和评议
Counteraction        vt.
抵抗， 抵制， 阻碍， 打破 (计划)
平衡， 解（毒）， 消除...的作用， 反作用， 中和， 抵销
减少
削弱
Counterexample        An example that refutes or disproves a hypothesis, proposition, or theorem. 反例证对某种假设、命题或定理进行反驳或推翻的例子
Critical        Inclined to judge severely and find fault. 爱挑剔的倾向于进行严厉批判和找岔的
Characterized by careful, exact evaluation and judgment: 有判断的评价和判断细致的并且确切的：
Of, relating to, or characteristic of critics or criticism: 批评的包含、涉及或代表批评家们或批评的：
Forming or having the nature of a turning point; crucial or decisive: 重要的，关键的形成或具有转折点性质的；关键性的或决定性的：
Of or relating to a medical crisis: 危急的属于或关系到病情急转的：
Being or relating to a grave physical condition especially of a patient. 严重的尤指病人处于或涉及到严重的身体状况的
Indispensable; essential:必不可少的；必需的：
Being in or verging on a state of crisis or emergency: 严重的处于或接近危机或紧急状况的：
Fraught with danger or risk; perilous.充满危险的，充满冒险的；濒临毁灭的

【数学】
Of or relating to a point at which a curve has a maximum, minimum, or point of inflection.
临界的属于或关系到曲线最大、最小或回折点的一个点的
Crucial        adj.
Extremely significant or important:极其重要的，极其显要的：
Vital to the resolution of a crisis; decisive: 决定性的对某一危机的解决有重要作用的；决定性的：See: decisive
Debate        To consider something; deliberate.考虑；商讨
To engage in argument by discussing opposing points.辩论（通过讨论对立的观点）
To engage in a formal discussion or argument. 正式讨论参与正式的讨论或辩论See: discuss

v.tr.
To deliberate on; consider.仔细考虑；思考
To dispute or argue about.争论，争辩
To discuss or argue (a question, for example) formally. 正式讨论正式地讨论或争辩（例如，一个问题）

n.
A discussion involving opposing points; an argument. 辩论关于相反观点的讨论；争辩
Deliberation; consideration:思考；考虑：
A formal contest of argumentation in which two opposing teams defend and attack a given proposition. 辩论比赛在正式的辩论竞赛中，两个对立的队就一给定的命题进行辩论
Defend        To make or keep safe from danger, attack, or harm. 保卫使安全或保持安全，没危险，不受攻击或伤害
To support or maintain, as by argument or action; justify. 支持支持或维护，如通过争辩或采取行动；为…辩护

v.intr.
To make a defense.防御；保卫；保护
Definition        A statement conveying fundamental character. 定义表达基本特征的说明
A statement of the meaning of a word, phrase, or term, as in a dictionary entry. 释义对单词、短语或术语的意义的说明，如字典的词条中的解释
The act or process of stating a precise meaning or significance; formulation of a meaning. 解释对意思或意义的精确表达或表达的过程；对意思确切的阐述
The act of making clear and distinct: 清晰使…清楚明晰的行为：
The state of being closely outlined or determined: 轮廓清晰指轮廓非常分明的状态：
A determination of outline, extent, or limits: 规定对要点、范围或界限的确定：
The clarity of detail in an optically produced image, such as a photograph, effected by a combination of resolution and contrast. 清晰，分解在视觉产生的意象中，枝节部分清楚明晰是由分解和对比相结合造成的，如照片
The degree of clarity with which a televised image or broadcast signal is received. 清晰度，分解力接收到电视传播图象或广播信号的清晰程度
Demanding        Requiring much effort or attention: 费力的，费神的需要很多努力或注意：See: burdensome
Democracy        Government by the people, exercised either directly or through elected representatives. 民主政府人民直接管理或通过选举出来的代表间接管理的政府
A political or social unit that has such a government. 民主国家具有民主政府的政治或社会单位
The common people, considered as the primary source of political power. 民众被视为政治力量的主要源泉的人民大众
Majority rule. 民主政治多数人的统治
The principles of social equality and respect for the individual within a community. 民主主义在某一社区内社会平等以及尊重个人权利的理论
Denote        To mark; indicate:作标志；指明：
To serve as a symbol or name for the meaning of; signify: 表示，意为作为一个表达该意义的符号或名字；意为：
To signify directly; refer to specifically:直接表示；特指See: mean
Departure        The act of leaving. 离开离开的行为
A starting out, as on a trip or a new course of action.旅途或某项行动新过程的开始
A divergence or deviation, as from an established rule, plan, or procedure: 脱轨，偏离脱离已建立好的规则、计划或程序：

【航海】
The distance sailed due east or west by a ship on its course. 航程船在其航线上朝正东或正西方航行的距离
Depiction        vt.
画, 刻画
描写, 描绘, 叙述
Derivative        n.
引出之物；转来之物；衍生物
导数；微商
Descriptive        adj.
Involving or characterized by description; serving to describe. 描述性的包含描述的，以描述为特征的；用手描述的
Concerned with classification or description:分类的，与分类有关的：
Devise        To form, plan, or arrange in the mind; design or contrive:设计，发明在脑中形成，计划或整理；设计或发明：

【法律】
To transmit or give (real property) by will. 遗赠遗嘱所立的（真实财产）
【古语】
To suppose; imagine.幻想；想象

n.
The act of transmitting or giving real property by will. 遗赠遗嘱中捐赠不动产的行为
The property or lands so transmitted or given. 遗赠的财产赠与财产或土地
A will or clause in a will transmitting or giving real property. 遗赠的条款遗赠不动产的遗嘱或条款

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Devoted        adj.
Feeling or displaying strong affection or attachment; ardent: 虔诚的感觉或表示强烈的感情或爱慕；热情的：
Having been consecrated; dedicated. 献身的被献祭的；奉献的
Diagnose        v.tr.
To distinguish or identify (a disease, for example) by diagnosis. 诊断通过诊断辨别或识别（如疾病）

v.intr.
To make a diagnosis.做出诊断
Dimension        A measure of spatial extent, especially width, height, or length. 尺寸存在于空间范围的一种量变，特别是宽度、高度或长度Often dimensions 常作dimensions
Extent or magnitude; scope: 面积范围或大小；规模：
Aspect; element: 各方面方面；因素：

  v.tr.
To cut or shape to specified dimensions. 使形成所需尺寸切割刨削所需的尺寸
Discernible        adj.
Perceptible, as by the faculty of vision or the intellect. 看得清的；辨别得出的可辨知的，如通过眼力或智力 See: perceptible
Discerning        adj.
Exhibiting keen insight and good judgment; perceptive. 有眼力的；有判断力的展现敏锐的眼力或辨别力好的判断的；有洞察力的
Discharge        v.tr.
To relieve of a burden or of contents; unload. 卸下解除负担或清除物品；卸货
To unload or empty (contents).卸（货）；倒空（物品）
To release, as from confinement, care, or duty: 释放；使退伍释放、摆脱，如从监禁、护理或责任：
To let go; empty out:放出；腾空：
To pour forth; emit:排出，放出：
To shoot:射击：
To remove from office or employment.免…的职；解雇See: dismiss
To perform the obligations or demands of (an office, duty, or task). 履行义务，执行命令履行义务；执行（公务、职责或任务）的命令See: perform
To comply with the terms of (a debt or promise, for example). 遵守规定服从（如债务或约定的）各条款

【法律】
To acquit completely:宣判…彻底无罪：
To set aside; annul:撤销：

【电学】
To cause the release of stored energy or electric charge from (a battery, for example). 放电使（如蓄电池）所蓄的电或能量释放出来

v.intr.abbr:dis.
To get rid of a burden, load, or weight.解除重担、负载物或重量
To go off; fire:发射，开火：
To pour forth, emit, or release contents. 流出，冒出排出、流出或倒出物品
To become blurred, as a color or dye; run. 染色使变得模糊，如色彩或染料；渗开
To undergo the release of stored energy or electric charge. 放电释放所贮存的能量或电荷

n.
The act of removing a load or burden. 卸下卸货或摆脱负担的行为
The act of shooting or firing a projectile or weapon. 发射，开火炮弹、武器的射击或开火
A flowing out or pouring forth; emission; secretion:流出，放出，排出：
The amount or rate of emission or ejection. 排放量流量、流速，或排出量，排出的速度
Something that is discharged, released, emitted, or excreted: 排放物排出、释放、射出或流出的东西：
The act or an instance of removing an obligation, a burden, or a responsibility. 摆脱责任摆脱义务、负担或责任的事例
Fulfillment of the terms of something, such as a debt or promise. 履行责任履行，执行如债务、誓约的条款
Performance, as of an office or a duty.尽职，执行任务
Dismissal or release from employment, service, care, or confinement. 解雇解雇；释放；自理；免职；退伍；
An official document certifying such release, especially from military service. 退伍令书面形式证明那些释放的官方文件，尤指从军队服役退伍

【法律】
An annulment or acquittal; dismissal, as of a court order. 撤销令取消，宣告无罪；法院命令的撤销

【电学】
Release of stored energy in a capacitor by the flow of current between its terminals. 放电在电容器存储能量通过两端间的电流流动而释放出来
Conversion of chemical energy to electric energy in a storage battery. 化学能转为电能将化学能转变为蓄电池中的电能
A flow of electricity in a dielectric, especially in a rarefied gas. 电流在非导体中的电流，尤其是稀薄气体中的电流
Elimination of net electric charge from a charged body. 排电从电载体中消除网状电荷
Discursive        adj.
Covering a wide field of subjects; rambling. 主题不明的，东拉西扯的包含很大范围的主题；杂乱无章的
Proceeding to a conclusion through reason rather than intuition. 推论的，论证的通过推理而非直觉来得出结论的
Dismal        adj.
Causing gloom or depression; dreary: 阴沉的，沮丧的引起忧郁或沮丧的；阴霾的：
Characterized by ineptitude, dullness, or a lack of merit:不高明的，乏味的，愚笨的：
Dismay        To destroy the courage or resolution of by exciting dread or apprehension. 使惊恐；使丧气因有刺激的恐惧或担忧而失去勇气或果断
To cause to lose enthusiasm; disillusion:使失去热情，使幻想破灭：
To upset or alarm.使不安，使惊慌

n.
A sudden or complete loss of courage in the face of trouble or danger. 丧胆，绝望在面临麻烦或危险时，突然或完全失去勇气
Dispute        v.tr.
To argue about; debate.就…进行争论；辩论
To question the truth or validity of; doubt: 怀疑对…的真实或有效进行争论，怀疑：
To strive to win (a prize, for example); contest for: 争夺，竞争为赢得（奖金等）努力；为…而竞争：
To strive against; resist:抵抗，抵抗：

v.intr.
To engage in discussion or argument; debate. 辩论，争论参加讨论或争论；辩论See: discuss
To quarrel angrily.愤怒地争吵

n.
A verbal controversy; a debate.口头辩论；争论
An angry altercation; a quarrel.生气的争吵；吵架See: argument
Dissemination        n.
播种
传播, 散布
散射强度
Dissension        Difference of opinion; disagreement.意见分歧；不同意See: discord
Dissolution        n.
Decomposition into fragments or parts; disintegration. 分裂，分解碎片或几部分；分解
Indulgence in sensual pleasures; debauchery. 放荡，荒淫沉溺于性快乐中；荒淫
Termination or extinction by disintegration or dispersion: 崩溃，瓦解由于分裂或分散而瓦解或消失：
Extinction of life; death.消亡；死亡
Annulment or termination of a formal or legal bond, tie, or contract. 废除正式的或法律的约定、契约或合同的终止或废除
Formal dismissal of an assembly or legislature. 解散议会或立法机关的正式解散
Reduction to a liquid form; liquefaction. 融化；液化缩减成液体形式；液化
Distinction        n.
The act of distinguishing; differentiation. 区别，辨别辨别的过程；区分
The condition or fact of being dissimilar or distinct; difference: 差别，不同不相似或不同的条件或事实；相异：See: difference
A distinguishing factor, attribute, or characteristic. 不同点，差异之处可区分的要素、属性或特点
Excellence or eminence, as of performance, character, or reputation: 优点，非凡，卓越优秀或杰出，如表演、性格或名望：
A special feature or quality conferring superiority. 优越的特性赋予优越的特性或品质
Recognition of achievement or superiority; honor: 荣誉，荣耀对成就或优等的承认；荣誉：
Distinguish        To perceive as being different or distinct. 区分，辨别，分清感觉到不同的或有区别的
To perceive distinctly; discern:辨别出，识别：
To make noticeable or different; set apart.引人注目，有别于；引起注意
To cause (oneself) to be eminent or recognized:使杰出，使著名：

v.intr.
To perceive or indicate differences; discriminate:区分，辨别，分清：
Dubious        adj.
Fraught with uncertainty or doubt; undecided. 未定局的充满不定或怀疑的；未决的
Arousing doubt; doubtful:引起怀疑的；可疑的：
Of questionable character:有问题的：See: doubtful
Ecclesiastical        Of or relating to a church, especially as an organized institution. 教会的教会的或与之有关的，尤指有组织的教会机构的
Appropriate to a church or to use in a church: 教堂用的宜于在教堂中使用的或对教堂适宜的：
Edition        The entire number of copies of a publication issued at one time or from a single set of type. 版本同期发行的出版物总印数或一种版式的总印数
A single copy from this group.该版中的一本
The form in which a publication is issued: 版本形式出版物被发行的方式：
A version of an earlier publication having substantial changes or additions: 修订版对以前的出版物进行重大修改或添加的版本：
All the copies of a specified issue of a newspaper: 出报一种新闻发行物的所有印件：
A broadcast of a radio or television news program: 新闻节目广播或电视新闻节目的播出：
The entire number of like or identical items issued or produced as a set: 限量版作为一套发行或产生的相似或相同的物品总数：
a limited edition of early jazz recordings; a signed edition of a group of lithographs.早期爵士乐的限量版唱片；有作者签名的版画限量版
Any of the various or successive forms in which something is offered or presented: 期刊任一种事物出现或表现的形式或相继出现的形式：
One that closely resembles an original; a version:与原物极相似的事物；翻版：
Effect        n.
Something brought about by a cause or an agent; a result. 结果由某种原因或行为而产生的事；结果
The power to produce an outcome or achieve a result; influence: 影响，效用能引起某种结果的力量；影响：
A scientific law, hypothesis, or phenomenon: 假设，现象科技规律、假设或现象：
Advantage; avail:利益；效益：
The condition of being in full force or execution: 实施，实行生效或实施的状况：
Something that produces a specific impression or supports a general design or intention: 感受，效果产生特殊印象或为产生或支持总设计的东西：
A particular impression:特殊印象：
Production of a desired impression: 印象一定印象的产物：
The basic or general meaning; import: 主旨主旨大意；要点：

effects
Movable belongings; goods. 动产可移动的财产；货物

v.tr.
To bring into existence.使存在
To produce as a result. 实现产生一种结果
To bring about.产生See: affect
Elementary        Of, relating to, or constituting the basic, essential, or fundamental part: 基本的，主要的属于或组成基本的、主要的或基本的部分的，或与他们有关的：
Of, relating to, or involving the fundamental or simplest aspects of a subject: 基础的，初级的属于一门学科的最基本的或最简单的方面的，或与之有关的，或涉及该方面的：
Emancipation        n.
The act or an instance of emancipating. 解放解放的行动或事件
The condition of being emancipated. 解放被解放的状态
Emotional        adj.
Of or relating to emotion: 感情的感情的或与感情有关的：
Readily affected with or stirred by emotion: 感情用事的易于被感情影响或煽动的：
Arousing or intended to arouse the emotions: 使动感情的引起或有意引起感情的：
Marked by or exhibiting emotion: 有感情的以感情为特征或表达感情的：
Empirical        adj.
Relying on or derived from observation or experiment: 经验的依据观察或实验或由观察或试验得出的：
Verifiable or provable by means of observation or experiment: 经验证明的通过观察或经验可以证实的或可证明的：
Guided by practical experience and not theory, especially in medicine. 依赖经验的依赖实践经验而非理论所指导的，尤指医学方面
Emulate        To strive to equal or excel, especially through imitation: 竞争争取平等或超越，尤指通过模仿：
To compete with successfully; approach or attain equality with.比得上；接近或达到与…平等See: rival

【计算机科学】
To imitate the function of (another system), as by modifications to hardware or software that allow the imitating system to accept the same data, execute the same programs, and achieve the same results as the imitated system. 仿真，仿效模拟（另一系统）的功能，通过修改硬件或软件使得仿真系统与被仿真系统接受同样的数据，执行同样的程序，并且得到同样的结果

adj.
Ambitious; emulous.野心勃勃的；好胜心强的
Encompass        To form a circle or ring around; surround. 围绕组成一圈或成环行；包围See: surround
To enclose; envelop.包围；包装
To constitute or include:构成，包括：
To accomplish; achieve.完成；获得
Encounter        n.
A meeting, especially one that is unplanned, unexpected, or brief: 相遇，碰见相遇，尤指一次没有事先计划的、未料到的、短暂的相遇：
A hostile or adversarial confrontation; a contest: 遭遇战，对抗敌意的或对抗性的遭遇战；会战：
An often violent meeting; a clash. 对决，冲突多为激烈的会战；碰见

v.tr.
To meet, especially unexpectedly; come upon: 不期而遇相遇，尤指意外遇到；偶然遇见：
To confront in battle or contention. 对抗在战役或辩论中遭遇
To come up against:遭遇：

v.intr.
To meet, especially unexpectedly.碰见，尤指不期而遇
Counter        adj.
Contrary; opposing:相反的，对立的：

n.
One that is an opposite. 对立面是相反的人或物

v.tr.
To meet or return (a blow) by another blow.反击，还击
To move or act in opposition to; oppose.反向移动，对着干；反对
To offer in response:反驳，回答：

v.intr.
To move, act, or respond so as to be in opposition.逆向移动，对着干；反驳

adv.
In a contrary manner or direction.反方向地，相反地，对立地
To or toward an opposite or dissimilar course or outcome: 背道而驰地向着相反或不同的途径或结果地：
Encouraging        adj.
Giving courage, confidence, or hope: 鼓舞人心的，激励的给人勇气、信心或希望的：
Energetic        adj.
Possessing, exerting, or displaying energy.拥有、发挥或展示精力See: active
Of or relating to energy.与能量相关的
Enfranchisement        vt.
释放, 解放, 给与自由
给与...公民权[选举权、参政权]; 给与...自治权
Engage        v.tr.
To obtain or contract for the services of; employ: 约定服务，雇佣取得某项服务或签了合同；雇佣：
To arrange for the use of; reserve: 预订为使用作安排；保留：See: book
To pledge or promise, especially to marry. 订婚提出或允诺，尤其指结婚
To attract and hold the attention of; engross: 吸引，全神贯注引起或赢得注意；使全神贯注：
To win over or attract:赢得，吸引住：
To draw into; involve: 参加使加入；使卷入其中：
To require the use of; occupy:使用；占用：
To enter or bring into conflict with: 冲突进入或导致与…交战：
To interlock or cause to interlock; mesh:连结，接合；啮合：
To give or take as security.保证，担保

v.intr.
To involve oneself or become occupied; participate:卷入其中或参加；参与：
To assume an obligation; agree.允诺；同意See: promise
To enter into conflict or battle:形成矛盾或交战：
To become meshed or interlocked:啮合，连结并相互作用：
Engagement        n.
The act of engaging or the state of being engaged. 约定，预定订约的行为或已定约的状态
Betrothal.订婚约
Something that serves to engage; a pledge. 担保，抵押用于担保的东西；抵押品
A promise or agreement to be at a particular place at a particular time. 约会在某特定时间某特定地点的承诺或协定
Employment, especially for a specified time. 雇佣雇佣或聘请，尤指为特定时间的雇佣
A specific, often limited, period of employment. 聘用期间特定且常有限的雇用期
A hostile encounter; a battle. 交战敌对双方的遭遇战；战役
The condition of being in gear.啮合的状态
Epistemology        n.
The branch of philosophy that studies the nature of knowledge, its presuppositions and foundations, and its extent and validity. 认识论哲学的一个分支，研究知识的本质，先决条件和基础及其程度和效力
Established        adj.
被设立的, 被建立的, 被制定的
确立的, 确认的, 确定的, 既定的, 常设的
国定的
【植】移植生长的
Establishment        n.
The act of establishing. 建立，设立建立的行为
The condition or fact of being established. 建立的事实被确认的行为或状态
Something established, as:已确认的事物，如：
An arranged order or system, especially a legal code. 法制，秩序被安排好的命令或系统，尤其指法典
A permanent civil, political, or military organization. 政治团体，社团，军事机构常设的居民团体、统治集团或军事集团
An established church. 教会被确认的教会
A place of residence or business with its possessions and staff. 已建立的公司拥有财产或人员的住宅区或公司
A public or private institution, such as a hospital or school. 私人公共机构一个公共或私人机构，如医院或学校Often stablishment
An established social order, as: 已得到认可的命令一个已经得到确定的社会命令，
A controlling group in a given field of activity. Often used with  the. 权威人士在某一领域或活动中的权威人士。通常与 the连用
Ethics        n.
[pl.]
[用作单]伦理学
[用作单]伦理学书籍[论文]
伦理, 道德; 伦理观, 道德标准
Ethnic        adj.
Of or relating to sizable groups of people sharing a common and distinctive racial, national, religious, linguistic, or cultural heritage. 种族的，人种的属于或关于相当大规模人的群体的，群体中的成员拥有共同的和独特的种族的、民族的、宗教的、语言的或文化的遗产
Being a member of a particular ethnic group. 种族一员的作为一特定种族集团中的成员的
Of, relating to, or distinctive of members of such a group: 种族风格的属于，关于或区别于这样一个集团中的成员的：
Relating to a people not Christian or Jewish; heathen. 异教徒的关于非基督教徒或犹太教徒的人的

n.
A member of a particular ethnic group, especially one who maintains the language or customs of the group. 具有该种族语言、风俗的成员某一特定种族集团中的一员，尤指保持着这一集团的语言或风俗习惯的成员
Event        n.
Something that takes place; an occurrence. 事件发生的事件，偶然发生的事件
A significant occurrence or happening. 大事具有重要意义的事件或事变See: occurrence
A social gathering or activity. 社交场合，活动社会集会或活动
The final result; the outcome.结果，后果
Exceed        To be greater than; surpass.比…更好；超过
To go beyond the limits of:超越…的界限：See: excel
Exclusively        adj.
除外的, 排他的, 排外的
独家享有的, 专有的, 唯一的
全部的
孤高的
[美]时髦的, 高级的
不计及, 不算入
(俱乐部等)不公开的; 限制严格的
(商店, 商品)索价高昂的
势利的, 不大众化的

wstcwstcUID: 201563

Expense        n.
Something spent to attain a goal or accomplish a purpose: 花费为达到目的或完成目标而支付的东西：
A loss for the sake of something gained; a sacrifice: 损失，牺牲为获得某物而付出的损失；牺牲：See: price
An expenditure of money; a cost:金钱的支出；花费：
Charges incurred by an employee in the performance of work: 业务费用，经费雇员在履行工作中所带来的花费：

【非正式用语】
Money allotted for payment of such charges. 开支 为支付这样花费而拨出的钱
Something requiring the expenditure of money:需要支出金钱的事物：

v.tr.
To charge with expenses.收取费用
Explanatory        adj.
Serving or intended to explain: 解释的用于或倾向于解释的：
Extension        n.abbr:ext.
The act of extending or the condition of being extended. 伸展伸展的行为或被伸长的状况
The amount, degree, or range to which something extends or can extend: 扩大，伸长扩大或能扩大的数量、程度或范围：
The act of straightening or extending a limb. 伸直伸直或伸展肢体的行为
The position assumed by an extended limb. 伸肢定位用伸出的肢体判断出的位置

【医学】
The application of traction to a fractured or dislocated limb to restore the normal position. 牵引，牵伸（术）为使骨折或脱位的肢体恢复原位而进行的牵伸动作
An addition that increases the area, influence, operation, or contents of something: 扩大，增加面积的增加、影响的扩大、功能的增强或某物内容的增多：
An additional telephone connected to a main line. 电话分机一部连到主线上的增设电话
An allowance of extra time, especially for the repayment of a debt. 宽限额外增加的时间，尤其为了还债
The period of this extra time: 宽限期额外延长的期限：
The property of an object by which it occupies space. 财物占据空间的物体的财产

  n.
an extension ladder; an extension cord.伸缩梯；延长线
Facility        Ease in moving, acting, or doing; aptitude: 资质易于运动、行动或做；资质：
Readiness to be persuaded; pliability. 柔顺易被说服的；易接受意见的Often facilities
Something that facilitates an action or process. 设备使行动或过程容易进行的东西See: amenity
Something created to serve a particular function: 猛烈为完成某一特定功能而造的东西：
Feeling        The sensation involving perception by touch. 感觉包括触觉在内的感觉
A sensation experienced through touch. 触觉由触摸获得的感觉
A physical sensation:身体的触感：
a feeling of warmth.
暖和的感觉
An affective state of consciousness, such as that resulting from emotions, sentiments, or desires:
感觉，感受由感情、情绪或欲望引起的感知的情绪状态：
experienced a feeling of excitement.
体验了兴奋的感觉
An awareness or impression:
意识或印象：
He had the feeling that he was being followed.
他觉察到他正在被跟踪
An emotional state or disposition; an emotion:
情绪情感状态或性情；感情：
expressed deep feeling.
表达深厚的感情
A tender emotion; a fondness.
柔情；爱好
Capacity to experience the higher emotions; sensitivity; sensibility:
体谅体验更高尚的情感的能力；敏感；善感性：
a man of feeling.
多愁善感的人
feelings
Susceptibility to emotional response; sensibilities:
感情情感反应的敏感性；感觉能力：
The child's feelings are easily hurt.
那孩子的痛处很容易被触到
Opinion based more on emotion than on reason; sentiment.
感想更多地建立在感情而不是理智上的观点；感想
A general impression conveyed by a person, place, or thing:
气氛一个人、地方或事物给人的整体印象：
The stuffy air gave one the feeling of being in a tomb.
闷热的空气使人觉得象在坟墓里
Appreciative regard or understanding:
尊重带有欣赏的尊敬和理解：
Intuitive awareness or aptitude; a feel: 领悟力直觉意识或资质；直感：

adj.
Having the ability to react or feel emotionally; sentient; sensitive. 有感情的有能力用感情反应或感受的；有感觉力的；敏感的
Easily moved emotionally; sympathetic:易动感情的；富于同情心的：
Expressive of sensibility or emotion:表达感情的或敏感的：
Fitness        The state or condition of being physically fit, especially as the result of exercise and proper nutrition. 健康尤指因锻炼和合适营养造成的生理上的健康状况

n.attributive.
fitness equipment; fitness centers.健身器材；健身中心
Fortuitous        adj.
Happening by accident or chance. 偶然发生的因某种事件或机会而发生See: accidental

【用法疑难】
Happening by a fortunate accident or chance. 幸运地发生的因某种幸运事件或机会而发生的
Lucky or fortunate.幸运的，好运的
Foster        To bring up; nurture:养育，抚养：
To promote the growth and development of; cultivate: 促进，培养促进生长、发展等；培养：
To nurse; cherish:抱有；怀有：

adj.
Providing parental care and nurture to children not related through legal or blood ties: 收养的对在法律和血缘上没有关系的孩子提供父母般照料的：
Receiving parental care and nurture from those not related to one through legal or blood ties: 被收养的从和自己没有法律或血缘关系的人那里接受父母般照料的：
Framework        n.
A structure for supporting or enclosing something else, especially a skeletal support used as the basis for something being constructed. 框架支撑或围住其它物体的结构，尤指用作建筑物之基础的支撑框架
An external work platform; a scaffold.室外工作台；施工架
A fundamental structure, as for a written work or a system of ideas. 结构 （如关于一部作品或一系列观点的）一种基本结构
Genuine        adj.
Actually possessing the alleged or apparent attribute or character: 真的真正地具有所谓的或显然的性质或特征的：
Not spurious or counterfeit; authentic. 真的，正品的非伪造的，非假冒的；真正的See: authentic
Honestly felt or experienced: 真诚的虔诚地感受或经验的：
Actual; real:真的，真实的：
Free from hypocrisy or dishonesty; sincere. 真挚的非做作的或非伪善的；诚挚的
Being of pure or original stock:纯正的，正宗的，原味的：
Genus        n.
【生物学】
A taxonomic category ranking below a family and above a species and generally consisting of a group of species exhibiting similar characteristics. In taxonomic nomenclature the genus name is used, either alone or followed by a Latin adjective or epithet, to form the name of a species. 类，属分类学中介于科和种之间的特级，由包含显示相似特点的种所组成的群。在分类学术语中，属被单独使用或后面跟一个拉丁形容词或定语，来形成一个种的名称See: taxonomy

【逻辑学】
A class of objects divided into subordinate species having certain common attributes. 属分为若干亚种的、有某共同性质的一类事物
A class, group, or kind with common attributes.有相同性质的一类、一群或一类
Given        adj.
Specified; fixed:指定的；确定的：
Granted as a supposition; acknowledged or assumed: 假设的假定的；承认的或假设的：
Having a tendency; inclined:有…倾向的；易于…的：
Bestowed as a gift; presented. 赠送的作为礼物给予的；赠送的

【法律】
Issued on a specified date. Used of legal documents. 施行的，公布的在指定日期发行的。用在法律文件中

n.
Something assumed or taken for granted. Often used in the plural. 假设假设的或想当然的事物。常用复数
Global        adj.
Having the shape of a globe; spherical. 球形的有球形状的；球体的
Of, relating to, or involving the entire earth; worldwide: 全球的全球的，有关全球的或涉及全球的；全世界的：
Comprehensive; total:综合的；完全的：

【计算机科学】
Of or relating to an entire program, document, or file. 全局的，全程的，整体的属于或关于整个程序、文档或文件的
Grateful        adj.
Appreciative of benefits received; thankful. 感激的，感谢的为获得的好处感激的；感谢的
Expressing gratitude.表示感谢的
Affording pleasure or comfort; agreeable.提供快乐或舒适的；令人愉快的
Ground        n.
The solid surface of the earth. 地面地球的固体表面
The floor of a body of water, especially the sea. 底，海底水体，尤其是海洋的底部
Soil; earth:地，土地：Oftengrounds
An area of land designated for a particular purpose: 场所为某一特殊目地而划出的场地：
Oftengrounds
The land surrounding or forming part of a house or another building: 场地；庭院附属于房屋或楼房周围的土地：
a guesthouse on the grounds of the mansion.庭院中的客房
An area or a position that is contested in or as if in battle: 阵地在战争或类似战争的局面中争夺的地区或阵地：
Something that serves as a foundation or means of attachment for something else: 底子，底色做为底子或用来粘住其它物体的东西：
A surrounding area; a background. 背景周围的地区；背景Oftengrounds
The foundation for an argument, a belief, or an action; a basis. 根据争论，信仰或行动的基础；依据Oftengrounds
The underlying condition prompting an action; a cause: 理由，原因促使采取行动的根本条件；原由：
An area of reference or discussion; a subject: 范围，话题参考或讨论的范围；话题：
The sediment at or from the bottom of a liquid: 渣滓，沉淀物液体底部的沉淀物：

v.
To place on or cause to touch the ground.把…放在地上，使落地
To provide a basis for (a theory, for example); justify. 成为…的理由为（例如，理论）提供基础；为…提供依据
To supply with basic information; instruct in fundamentals. 给…以基础训练提供基础知识；教授基础课程
To prevent (an aircraft or a pilot) from flying. 使停飞使（飞机或飞行员）停止飞行
Hard-nosed        adj.
Hardheaded.精明而讲究实际的
Horizontal        Of, relating to, or near the horizon. 地平线的地平线的，与地平线有关的，或接近地平线的
Parallel to or in the plane of the horizon. 水平的与地平面平行的或在地平面中的
At right angles to a vertical line. 横的与垂直线成90度角的
Occupying or restricted to the same level in a hierarchy: 横向的居于或限于一等级体系中的同一层次的：

n.
Something, such as a line, a plane, or an object, that is horizontal. 水平物水平的物体（例如水平直线，水平面线或水平物）
Identical        adj.
Being the same:同一的：See: same
Exactly equal and alike.完全相等的或相似的
Having such a close similarity or resemblance as to be essentially equal or interchangeable. 可互换的十分类似或相象以至于本质上相等的或能互换的

【生物学】
Of or relating to a twin or twins developed from the same fertilized ovum and having the same genetic makeup and closely similar appearance; monozygotic. 同卵双生的从同一受精卵中产生的，具有相同基因结构和相似外貌的孪生子的；单卵的
Identification        n.
The act of identifying.鉴定行为
The state of being identified. 鉴定被鉴定确认后的状态
Proof or evidence of identity. 身份证明确认身份的证据或证明

【心理学】
A person's association with the qualities, characteristics, or views of another person or group. 认同，有关联一个人与其他人或人群在品质、特征或观念等方面的联系
An unconscious process by which a person transfers the response appropriate to a particular person or group to a different person or group. 自居作用指一人下意识将适应于某一特定个人或人群的感受转移到另一不同个人或人群之上的过程
Identify        v.tr.
To establish the identity of.建立一致性
To ascertain the origin, nature, or definitive characteristics of. 确认，验明确定…的起源、性质或起决定作用的特征

【生物学】
To determine the taxonomic classification of (an organism).确定（有机体的）类别等级
To consider as identical or united; equate.认为等同于或完全一致；使相等
To associate or affiliate (oneself) closely with a person or group. 融入使（自己）与其他人或人群密切联系或依附于他们

v.intr.
To establish an identification with another or others. 成为一体与另一个人或其他人保持一致
Illusory        adj.
Produced by, based on, or having the nature of an illusion; deceptive: 幻觉的，虚假的由幻象产生的，以幻象为基础的，幻象性的；欺骗性的：
Implication        n.
The act of implicating or the condition of being implicated. 牵连，涉及牵涉的动作或被牵涉的状态
The act of implying or the condition of being implied. 暗示暗示的动作或被暗指的状态
Something that is implied, especially: 含意暗示的东西，尤指：
An indirect indication; a suggestion.暗指；建议
An implied meaning; implicit significance.隐含的意义；暗喻
An inference.推论
Impression        n.
An effect, a feeling, or an image retained as a consequence of experience. 印象，感想作为经历的结果留下来的效果、感觉或者形象
A vague notion, remembrance, or belief:模糊的观念、记忆或者信念：
A mark produced on a surface by pressure. 印记，印痕由于压力而在表面上形成的痕迹
The act or process of impressing.印制的动或者过程
Impulse        n.
An impelling force; an impetus. 动力驱使性的力量；动力
The motion produced by such a force. 推动由这种力量造成的移动
A sudden wish or urge that prompts an unpremeditated act or feeling; abrupt inclination: 冲动突然的心愿或欲望导致的未经考虑的行动和感受；突兀的倾向：
A motivating force or tendency: 本能驱动力或倾向：

adj.
Characterized by impulsiveness or acting on impulse: 冲动的以冲动或即兴行动为特征的：
Inadvertent        adj.
Not duly attentive. 未留心的未加适当注意的
Marked by unintentional lack of care. 疏忽造成的以粗心大意为特征的See: careless
Incentive        n.
Something, such as the fear of punishment or the expectation of reward, that induces action or motivates effort. 刺激; 诱因; 动机引起行动或激发努力的某事，比如对惩罚的恐惧或对奖励的期望

adj.
Serving to induce or motivate: 刺激的; 诱发的用来诱使或激励的：
Incidence        n.
The act or an instance of happening; occurrence: 发生，出现发生的行为或事件；出现：
Extent or frequency of occurrence: 发生频率出现的范围、程度或频率：

【物理学】
The arrival of radiation or a projectile at a surface. 入射辐射或投影到某一表面
Angle of incidence.入射角
incomparable        adj.
Being such that comparison is impossible; incommensurable.无法比较的；不可比拟的
So outstanding as to be beyond comparison; unsurpassed. 无与伦比的，最好的如此出色以至无与伦比的；无法超越的
Incompatibility        n.
The state or quality of being incompatible. 不相容性不相容的状态或性质
Mutually exclusive or antagonistic qualities or things. 不相容，两相对立无法共存、彼此抵触的特性或事物
Incorporate        v.tr.
To unite (one thing) with something else already in existence: 合并把（一物）合并到已存在的另外某物中：
To admit as a member to a corporation or similar organization. 收编，加入把某人收编入一公司或类似的组织中
To cause to merge or combine together into a united whole. 结合，混合使混合或合并到某一整体中
To cause to form into a legal corporation:使组成合法的公司：
To give substance or material form to; embody. 赋与实质给与内容或物质形式；具体化

v.intr.
To become united or combined into an organized body. 结合，合并联合或并入一个有组织的实体
To become or form a legal corporation: 成立成为或组建合法公司：

adj.
Combined into one united body; merged. 合并的，结合的并入一个整体的；合并的
Formed into a legal corporation.组成合法公司的
Indicate        v.tr.
To show the way to or the direction of; point out: 指示，指明表明道路或方向；指出：
To serve as a sign, symptom, or token of; signify: 象征，显示作为一种标志、症状或象征；象征：
To suggest or demonstrate the necessity, expedience, or advisability of: 说明，显示暗示或表明某事之必要性、迫切性或明智性：
To state or express briefly: 简述，表示简单扼要地说明或表明：
Individualism        n.
Belief in the primary importance of the individual and in the virtues of self-reliance and personal independence. 个人主义认为个人是最重要的，认为靠自己和个人独立是最重要的美德
Acts or an act based on this belief. 个人主义行为以上述理论为基础的行为
A doctrine advocating freedom from government regulation in the pursuit of a person's economic or social goals. 自由放任主义认为在追求个人经济或社会目标时可以不受政府规章制度的约束
The doctrine that the interests of the individual should take precedence over the interests of the state or social group. 个人利益至上主义认为个人的利益高于国家或集体利益的信念
The quality of being an individual; individuality. 个性作为单个人的特点；个人特征
An individual characteristic; a quirk. 特性个人独特的特点；怪癖
Inert        adj.
Unable to move or act. 无自动力的不能移动或行动的
Sluggish in action or motion; lethargic. 迟缓的行动或运动时呆滞的；无生气的
See: inactive

【化学】
Not readily reactive with other elements; forming few or no chemical compounds. 惰性的与其它元素反应不活泼的；不能形成或很少能形成化合物的
Inevitably        adj.
不可避免的; 无法避免的; 必然(发生)的
老一套的; 照例必有的; 惯常的
合情合理的; 逼真的
Infinite        adj.
Having no boundaries or limits.无限的，无穷的
Immeasurably great or large; boundless:巨大的；无穷无尽的：

【数学】
Existing beyond or being greater than any arbitrarily large value. 无穷大的比任意大的数都要大的数
Unlimited in spatial extent. 无限延伸的，无穷的在空间范围上无限大的
Of or relating to a set capable of being put into one-to-one correspondence with a proper subset of itself. 无穷集的能与自身的一个子集发生一一对应的集的，与其有关的

n.
Something infinite.无限之物
Informal        adj.
Not formal or ceremonious; casual: 非正式的不正式的，不正规的；随便的：
Not being in accord with prescribed regulations or forms; unofficial: 不拘礼节的不遵从即定的规定和形式的；非官方的：
Suited for everyday wear or use: 日常的适合于日常穿戴和用途的：
Being more appropriate for use in the spoken language than in the written language. 口语的更适合于日常口语，而不适于书面语言的
Inherently        adj.
固[特、常、原]有的, 本来的, 先天的, 内在的
Inhibit        v.tr.
To hold back; restrain.抑制；限制See: restrain
To prohibit; forbid.禁止；不允许

【心理学】
To suppress or restrain (behavior, an impulse, or a desire) consciously or unconsciously. 压抑，抑制有意识地或潜意识地压制或抑制（行为、冲动或欲望）

【化学】
To prevent or decrease the rate of (a reaction).阻止反应，减慢（反应的）速度

【生物学】
To decrease, limit, or block the action or function of (an enzyme or organ, for example). 降低，限制，阻止降低、限制或阻止（如酶或器官的）运作或功能
Innocent        adj.
Uncorrupted by evil, malice, or wrongdoing; sinless: 清白的不被罪恶、恶意或恶行所沾污的；无罪的：
Not guilty of a specific crime or offense; legally blameless: 无罪的就某一特定的罪恶或罪过无罪责的；法律上无罪的：
Within, allowed by, or sanctioned by the law; lawful. 合法的法律规定范围内的，被法律允许的或批准的；合法的
Not dangerous or harmful; innocuous: 无害的没有危害或危险的；无害的：
Candid; straightforward:正直的；坦率的：
Not experienced or worldly; naive. 单纯的没有经验的或不谙世事的；单纯的
Betraying or suggesting no deception or guile; artless. 天真的表现出诚实无欺的；天真的
Not exposed to or familiar with something specified; ignorant: 无知的对某些特定的事物毫无了解的；无知的：
Unaware:不知道的：
Lacking, deprived, or devoid of something: 缺乏的缺乏、丧失或无某物：

n.
A person, especially a child, who is free of evil or sin. 无辜的人无邪的或无罪的人，特别指儿童
A simple, guileless, inexperienced, or unsophisticated person. 单纯无知的人指坦率的，无诡计的，不谙世事的或没有社会经验的人
Innuendo        n.
An indirect or subtle, usually derogatory implication in expression; an insinuation. 暗示，影射词句中的不直接的或微妙的，通常贬损的含义；暗示
Inordinate        adj.
Exceeding reasonable limits; immoderate.超过适当限度的；过度的See: excessive
Not regulated; disorderly.不规则的；紊乱的
Inquiry        n.
The act of inquiring.询问
A question; a query.质问；疑问
A close examination of a matter in a search for information or truth. 调查，审查对某事进行彻底地调查从而寻求信息或真相
scientific research.科学研究
Insofar        adv.
To such an extent.到这种程度
Inspiration        n.
Stimulation of the mind or emotions to a high level of feeling or activity. 鼓舞使人的心灵或情感受到刺激而达到更高层次情感和行动的东西
The condition of being so stimulated. 振奋受到如此刺激的状况
An agency, such as a person or work of art, that moves the intellect or emotions or prompts action or invention. 启发能推动智力或情感，或者促进行动或发明的媒介物，如人或艺术品
Something, such as a sudden creative act or idea, that is inspired. 灵感激起或唤起的事物，如突然的创造性行为或想法
The quality of inspiring or exalting: 启示激发灵感的或激发想象力的品质：
Instance        n.
An example that is cited to prove or invalidate a contention or illustrate a point. 例证被引用于证明或驳斥某种论点或证明某种观点的例子See: example
A case or an occurrence:事例或事件：

【法律】
A legal proceeding or process; a suit. 诉讼法律程序或手续；起诉
A step in a process or series of events: 程序，步骤某一过程或一连事情件中的一个阶段或步骤：
A suggestion or request:建议或要求：

v.tr.
To offer as an example; cite.引证；举例
To demonstrate or show by an example; exemplify. 例示用例子来说明或证明；例证
Institution        n.
The act of instituting.建立的行为
A custom, practice, relationship, or behavioral pattern of importance in the life of a community or society: 制度，习俗一个社会或社区生活中的习惯，实践，关系或主要的行为方式：

【非正式用语】
One long associated with a specified place, position, or function.与某一指定地方，位置，或作用有长期关系的人
An established organization or foundation, especially one dedicated to education, public service, or culture. 机构一个已成立的组织或基金，特别是指为教育，公共服务或文化的目的而设立的
The building or buildings housing such an organization.这些机构的建筑
A place for the care of persons who are destitute, disabled, or mentally ill. 收容所照顾贫困、残废或精神失常的人的地方
Insufficient        adj.
Not sufficient; inadequate.不足；不充分的
Insult        v.tr.
To treat with gross insensitivity, insolence, or contemptuous rudeness. 侮辱粗野地，傲慢地、无礼地对待See: offend
To affront or demean:侮辱或使卑下：

n.
An offensive action or remark.侮辱性的行为或言谈
【医学】
A bodily injury, irritation, or trauma.身体的损伤，发炎或损伤
Intellectual        adj.
Of or relating to the intellect. 智力的智力的或和智力有关的
Rational rather than emotional. 理性的理性的而不是感性的
Appealing to or engaging the intellect: 知性的需用或使用智力的：
Having or showing intellect, especially to a high degree. 高智商的有智力的或显出智力的，特别是到了一个较高的水平See: intelligent
Given to exercise of the intellect; inclined toward abstract thinking about aesthetic or philosophical subjects. 活跃思维的用来锻炼理解力的；趋于对美学和哲学问题进行抽象思维的

n.
An intellectual person.知识分子
Intensely        adj.
强烈的; 剧烈的; 紧张的
热心的; 热情的; 认真的; 易动感情的
【摄】(底片)银影密度高的, 厚的
Intensity        n.
Exceptionally great concentration, power, or force.特别强烈的程度，力量或动力

【物理学】
The amount or degree of strength of electricity, light, heat, or sound per unit area or volume. 强度程度单位电、光、热或声的强度的量或程度
【色彩】
The strength of a color, especially the degree to which it lacks its complementary color. 色饱和度色彩的强度，尤指到了缺乏互补色的程度See: saturation
Intentional        adj.
Done deliberately; intended:故意做的；故意的：See: voluntary
Having to do with intention.与目的有关的
Interact        v.intr.
To act on each other:互相作用：
Interpretation        n.
The act or process of interpreting 解释解释的行为或过程
A result of interpreting. 解释解释结果
An explanation or a conceptualization by a critic of a work of literature, painting, music, or other art form; an exegesis. 评注评论家对一部文学作品、绘画、音乐或其他音乐形式所作的解释或概念；评注
A performer's distinctive personal version of a song, dance, piece of music, or role; a rendering. 艺术处理一个表演者对一首歌、舞蹈、一曲音乐或角色的有特色的、个人的独到处理；艺术加工
Intricacy        n.
The condition or quality of being intricate; complexity. 错综复杂错综复杂的状况或特征；复杂
Something intricate:错综复杂的事物：
the intricacies of a census form.人口普查表格的纷繁难懂之处
Intriguing        adj.
阴谋的
引起兴趣的, 有魅力的
Intuitive        adj.
Of, relating to, or arising from intuition. 直觉的属于、关于、或起源于直觉的
Known or perceived through intuition. 天生的凭直觉知道或感知的See: instinctive
Possessing or demonstrating intuition 有直觉力的具有直觉的或能显示直觉的
Inversion        n.
The act of inverting. 倒置，倒转颠倒的动作
The state of being inverted. 颠倒被倒置的状态
An interchange of position of adjacent objects in a sequence, especially: 调换，替换相邻物体在顺序方面位置的替换，特指
A change in normal word order, such as the placement of a verb before its subject. 倒装正常词序的变化，例如，倒装动词置于主语之前

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Invert        v.tr.
To turn inside out or upside down: 使颠倒使里外反向或上下颠倒：
To reverse the position, order, or condition of: 使倒转使…的位置、次序或条件倒转：
To subject to inversion. 使颠倒使遭受倒置See: reverse

v.intr.
To be subjected to inversion. 颠倒容易颠倒

n.
Something inverted.倒转物
Investigation        n.
The act or process of investigating. 调查调查的动作或过程
A detailed inquiry or systematic examination. 调查研究详细的查问或系统的检查See: inquiry
Inveterate        adj.
Firmly and long established; deep-rooted: 根深蒂固的牢牢地并且长期固定的；根深的：
Persisting in an ingrained habit; habitual:坚持根深蒂固的习惯的；习惯性的：See: chronic
Irrational        adj.
Not endowed with reason.不具有理智的
Affected by loss of usual or normal mental clarity; incoherent, as from shock. 失去理性的因丧失通常或正常的清醒头脑而受影响的；不连贯的，如受惊吓后所表现的那样
Marked by a lack of accord with reason or sound judgment: 不理智的不听从理性的或缺乏正确判断的：See: meaningless  See: unreasonable
Being a syllable in Greek and Latin prosody whose length does not fit the metric pattern.
希腊和拉丁诗歌韵律学中中长度不符合格律的音节的
Judgment        （名词）
判断，审判，裁判判断、审判、裁判的行为或过程；在考虑或商议之后形成某个观点
辨别力，判断力能注意到并且区别开各种关系的心智能力；识别力，洞察力：
疲劳可能会影响到飞行员对于距离的判断力
鉴定力，鉴赏力通过区别和评价形成某个观点的能力：
他对于好音乐的鉴赏力是无可挑剔的
判断力，明智，见识对处境或周围环境作出估计并且得出明智结论的能力；辨别是非的能力：
她展现了卓越的理财能力See: reason
看法，意见，评价在考虑或商议之后形成的观点或评价，尤指正式的或权威性的决定：
等待裁判的意见
Justification        n.
The act of justifying. 辩解，辩明，辩护证明为正当的行为
The condition or fact of being justified. 无过时，无咎被证明为正当的状态或事实
Something, such as a fact or circumstance, that justifies: 正当的理由，借口可为…辩护的东西，如事实或环境：See: apology
Justify        v.tr.
To demonstrate or prove to be just, right, or valid:论证或证明…正当、正确或有效：
To declare free of blame; absolve.声明…不该受责备；开释
Law        n.
A rule of conduct or procedure established by custom, agreement, or authority. 法律由惯例、约定或权力机构制定的行为规范或程序
The body of rules and principles governing the affairs of a community and enforced by a political authority; a legal system: 法律系统规范某一社会事务的一套规则和原则，由政治权力机构实施；法律系统：
The condition of social order and justice created by adherence to such a system:根据此种系统建立的社会秩序和公理正义：
A set of rules or principles dealing with a specific area of a legal system: 法规与一法律体系中某一特定领域有关的一套规范或准则：
A piece of enacted legislation. 法律条文一部颁布实施的法律
Legal action or proceedings; litigation: 起诉诉讼或诉讼程序；诉讼：
An impromptu or extralegal system of justice substituted for established judicial procedure: 临时条款一种取代现行的司法程序的临时或未经法律批准的司法体系：
An agency or agent responsible for enforcing the law. Often used with  the: 执法者负责执行法律的代理机构或代理人。常与 the连用：

【非正式用语】
A police officer. Often used with  the.警察。通常与 the连用
The science and study of law; jurisprudence.法律科学和研究；法理学
Knowledge of law.法律知识
The profession of an attorney.律师的职业
Something, such as an order or a dictum, having absolute or unquestioned authority: （命令，格言）具有绝对的权威具有绝对的或不可置疑的权威的事物，如命令或法官的意见：
The body of principles or precepts held to express the divine will, especially as revealed in the Bible: 训诫用来表示神意愿的一系列法规或概念，尤指体现在《圣经》中的：
A code of principles based on morality, conscience, or nature. 道德规范基于道德、良心或本性之上的一套原则
A rule or custom generally established in a particular domain: 规则，惯例在某一特殊领域内被普遍认可的规矩或惯例：
A way of life:生活方式：
A formulation describing a relationship observed to be invariable between or among phenomena for all cases in which the specified conditions are met: 定律各种现象之间恒定关系的简洁陈述，在所有符合特定条件的例子中都能适用：
A generalization based on consistent experience or results:
规律基于一致的经验和结果之上的总结：


【数学】
A general principle or rule that is assumed or that has been proven to hold between expressions. 定理表达式之间假设或被证明存在的一普通原则或法则
A principle of organization, procedure, or technique: 规则组织、程序或技术方面的原则：

v.intr.
To go to law; litigate. 打官司诉诸于法律；起诉
Lawsuit        n.
An action or a suit brought before a court, as to recover a right or redress a grievance. 诉讼被诉诸法庭的诉讼或案例，如为恢复某种权力或赔偿而申诉
league        n.
An association of states, organizations, or individuals for common action; an alliance 联盟为共同行动而结成的国家、组织或个人间的联合；联盟
An association of teams or clubs that compete chiefly among themselves. 俱乐部联合会球队或俱乐部的联合会，主要在他们内部进行比赛Also called: loop
A class or level of competition:比赛的种类或水平：

v.intr.
To come together in or as if in a league.加入或象加入联盟

v.tr.
To bring together in or as if in a league.使加入或象加入联盟
Legacy        n.
Money or property bequeathed to another by will. 遗产，遗赠根据遗嘱留给另一个人的金钱或财产
Something handed down from an ancestor or a predecessor or from the past: 遗产祖先、前人或过去相传下来的某种东西：See: heritage
Literalize        To make literal.使识字
照字面解释
对...逐字逐句翻译
literally        adv.
In a literal manner; word for word:照字面地，逐字地：
In a literal or strict sense: 完全地，认真的在确切或严格的意义上：
Don't take my remarks literally.别把我的话当真

【用法疑难】
Really; actually:真实地；确切地：
Used as an intensive before a figurative expression.在修饰语前表强调
Literary        n.
The condition or quality of being literate, especially the ability to read and write. 读写能力识字、尤指会读写的状态或性质See: literate
有文化，有教养，
Literature        n.abbr:lit.
A body of writings in prose or verse. 文学用散文体或韵文体所写的文字
Imaginative or creative writing, especially of recognized artistic value: 文学作品富有想象力或创造力的作品，尤指具有公认艺术价值的：
The art or occupation of a literary writer. 文学；作家一个文学作者的艺术或职业
The body of written work produced by scholars or researchers in a given field: 文献某一领域内的学者或研究人员所制作的文字：
Logic        n.
The study of the principles of reasoning, especially of the structure of propositions as distinguished from their content and of method and validity in deductive reasoning. 逻辑一门研究推理规律的科学，尤其是研究命题中区别于内容的结构和演绎推理中的方法和有效性
A system of reasoning: 逻辑一种推理体系：
A mode of reasoning:推理方式：
The formal, guiding principles of a discipline, school, or science. 基本原理一个学科、学派或一门科学的正统的、起指导作用的原则
Valid reasoning:合理的推理：
The relationship between elements and between an element and the whole in a set of objects, individuals, principles, or events: 内在联系在一系列物体、个人、原则和事件中，部分之间、部分与整体之间的关系：
Maintain        v.tr.
To keep up or carry on; continue:维持或保持；继续：
To keep in an existing state; preserve or retain:保持存在的状态；坚持或保持：
To keep in a condition of good repair or efficiency: 保养使…保持在良好的修缮和效率状态中：
To provide for; support:扶养；支持：
To keep in existence; sustain:使存在；支撑：
To defend or hold against criticism or attack:保卫或抵制批评或进攻：
To declare to be true; affirm:断言；主张：
Mandate        n.
An authoritative command or instruction. 训令某个权威性命令或指示
A command or an authorization given by a political electorate to its representative. 授权某政治代表机构给它的代表发出的命令或委任
A commission from the League of Nations authorizing a member nation to administer a territory. 委任统治权国际联盟授予其某一成员国管理某块地区的权力
A region under such administration. 托管地由受托国管理的这样一片地区

【法律】
An order issued by a superior court or an official to a lower court.上级法院给某官员或某下级法院发出的指令
A contract by which one party agrees to perform services for another without payment. 代理契约规定某方无偿为另一方履行一些服务的契约

v.tr.
To assign (a colony or territory) to a specified nation under a mandate. 托管将（某块殖民地或地区）指定给某个具体的国家托管
To make mandatory, as by law; decree or require: 批准制订一个训令，如通过法律；发布命令或要求：
Margin        n.
An edge and the area immediately adjacent to it; a border. 边缘，边界边和邻近的区域；边界See: border
A limit in a condition or process, beyond or below which something is no longer possible or acceptable: 极限一种情况或过程的极点，在这以上或以下某些事情就无法做到或无法被接受：
An amount allowed beyond what is needed: 余地超过实际要求的一个数量：See: room
A measure, quantity, or degree of difference: 差数，差额尺度、数量或程度上的不同：
Mastery        Possession of consummate skill. 优势熟练技艺的拥有
The status of master or ruler; control:统治；控制：
Full command of a subject of study:对一技艺的完全精通：
Means        n.
[用作单或复]方法, 手段; 工具
财力, 收入, 资产; 金钱, 财富
Mechanically        adv.
机械地
Mechanism        n.abbr:mech.
A machine or mechanical appliance.机器，机械装置
The arrangement of connected parts in a machine. 机械组装机器之各相关部分的组合
A system of parts that operate or interact like those of a machine: 机械系统各部分象机器零件那样运转或相互作用的系统：
An instrument or a process, physical or mental, by which something is done or comes into being: 办法，途径用来制造某事物的工具或者事物产生的物理过程或精神过程：
A habitual manner of acting to achieve an end. 手法，技巧为达到一目的而采取习惯的行动
Mental        adj.
Of or relating to the mind; intellectual: 心理的脑力的或与精神有关的；智力的：
Executed or performed by the mind; existing in the mind: 心中的在内心进行或浮现的；存在于脑中的：See: mental telepathy
Of, relating to, or affected by a disorder of the mind. 精神错乱精神病的、与精神病有关的或患有精神病的
Intended for treatment of people affected with disorders of the mind. 治疗精神病的旨在医疗精神病患者的
Of or relating to telepathy or mind reading. 心灵感应的心灵感应的或测心术的、与心灵感应或测心术有关的

【俚语】
Emotionally upset; crazed:情绪混乱的；发疯的：
Merit        n.
Superior quality or worth; excellence: 价值卓越的品质或价值；优秀之处：
A quality deserving praise or approval; virtue: 优点值得表扬赞赏的品质；美德：
Demonstrated ability or achievement:显示出的能力或功绩：Oftenmerits
An aspect of character or behavior deserving approval or disapproval: 功过优缺点应予赞许或否定的性格方面或行为：
Midst        n.
The middle position or part; the center: 中部，中央中间的位置或部分；中心：
A position of proximity to others: 中间处于其他人附近：
The condition of being surrounded or beset by something: 困境处于被包围或围绕的状况：
A period of time approximately in the middle of a continuing condition or act: 当中大约处于某一连续的状况或行为中的一段时间：

prep.
Among; amid.在…中间；在…当中
Mistakenly        adj.
mistake 的过去分词
错误的; 想错了的; 看错了的; 误解了的; 误会了的
Momentous        adj.
Of utmost importance; of outstanding significance or consequence:极为重要的；有突出意义或影响的：
a momentous occasion; a momentous decision.重大时刻；重要决定
Morality        The quality of being in accord with standards of right or good conduct. 品德符合正确的或好的行为标准的品质
A system of ideas of right and wrong conduct: 道德规范关于正确与错误行为的观点组成的系统：
religious morality; Christian morality.宗教道德；基督教德
Virtuous conduct.品德高尚的行为
A rule or lesson in moral conduct. 道德观道德行为规则或教育
Multiple        adj.
Having, relating to, or consisting of more than one individual, element, part, or other component; manifold. 复合的由一个以上组成、涉及或包含一个以上个体、元素、部分或其它组成部分的；多样的

n.
  【数学】
A number that may be divided by another number with no remainder: 倍数一个可以被另一个数整除的数：
Necessarily        adv.
Of necessity; inevitably. 必然必需地，不可避免地
negation        n.
The act or process of negating. 否定否认的行为或程序
A denial, contradiction, or negative statement.否定，反对或否定的原则
The opposite or absence of something regarded as actual, positive, or affirmative. 不存在被认作为事实的，积极的或肯定的事物的反义词或缺乏
Negative        adj.
Expressing, containing, or consisting of a negation, refusal, or denial: 否定的，否认的表示、含有或由否定、拒绝、否认组成的：
Indicating opposition or resistance: 否认的，反对的表示反对或拒绝的：
Having no positive features: 消极的没有积极的因素：
Marked by or exhibiting features, such as hostility, that cannot be deemed positive or constructive: 反面的，负面的标记或表现出的特征，如敌意，不被认为是积极的和具建设性的：
Nonviable        adj.
Not capable of living or developing: 不能生存的无能力生活或发育的：
Not workable or practicable:不可行或不合算的：
Notable        adj.
Worthy of note or notice; remarkable: 著名的值得注意的；显著的：
Characterized by excellence or distinction; eminent:具有优秀的或与众不同特点的；突出的：See: noted

n.
A person of distinction or great reputation. 名人与众不同或有极高声誉的人See: celebrity
Nuclear         【生物学】
Of, relating to, or forming a nucleus: 细胞核的细胞核的、与之相关或由之形成的：

【物理学】
Of or relating to atomic nuclei.原子核的或关于原子核的
Using or derived from the energy of atomic nuclei; atomic. 原子核能的利用原子核能的，由原子核能中得出的；原子能的
Of, using, or possessing atomic or hydrogen bombs: 原子弹或氢弹的关于，使用或拥有原子弹或氢弹的：
Numerously        adj.
[修饰单数集合名词]由多数人形成的, 人数多的
[修饰复数名词]许多的, 无数的
[罕]多数人们的
(散文、诗歌等)和谐的, 有节奏的
Object        n.
Something perceptible by one or more of the senses, especially by vision or touch; a material thing. 物体，实物用一种或多种感官，尤指用视觉或触觉可以感觉到的东西；实物
A focus of attention, feeling, thought, or action: 对象注意力、感情、思想或行为的集中物：
The purpose, aim, or goal of a specific action or effort: 目的，目标具体行动或努力的目的、目标：

【语法】
A noun or substantive that receives or is affected by the action of a verb within a sentence. 宾语一个句子中接受动词的动作或受之影响的名词或名词性词组
A noun or substantive following and governed by a preposition. 宾语在介词后或受制于介词的名词或名词性词组

【哲学】
Something intelligible or perceptible by the mind. 客体，客观，对象头脑中可反映或可以感知的事物

  v.intr.
To present a dissenting or opposing argument; raise an objection: 反对提出不同意见或反对意见；反对：.
To be averse to or express disapproval of something: 反感，不喜欢不赞成或表现对某事物的反对：

v.tr.
To put forward in or as a reason for opposition; offer as criticism:提出…作为反对的理由；反对说…：
Objective        adj.
Of or having to do with a material object. 真实的，实体的物质的，与物质有关的
Having actual existence or reality.事实存在的，现实的
Uninfluenced by emotions or personal prejudices: 客观的客观的，不带感情的，无个人偏见的：See: fair
Based on observable phenomena; presented factually:依据看得见的现象的；依据事实的：

【医学】
Indicating a symptom or condition perceived as a sign of disease by someone other than the person affected. 客观的，他觉的显示出由他人而非患者本人觉察出疾病迹象的症状或状态的

【语法】
Of, relating to, or being the case of a noun or pronoun that serves as the object of a verb. 宾格的作动词的宾语使用的名词的或代词的宾格的
Of or relating to a noun or pronoun used in this case. 宾格的宾格的名词或代词的

n.
Something that actually exists.实际存在的事物
Something worked toward or striven for; a goal. 目标努力争取或设想获得的事物；目标See: intention

【语法】
The objective case.宾格
A noun or pronoun in the objective case. 宾格用作宾格的名词或代词
Observation        n.
The act or faculty of observing.观察的行为或能力
The act of noting and recording something, such as a phenomenon, with instruments. 观测用仪器注意到并记录下来，如某种现象
The result or record of such notation: 观测结果观测的结果或记录：
A comment or remark. 评论一项评价或议论See: comment
An inference or a judgment that is acquired from or based on observing. 观测结论从观测得出的推论或判断
Observational        adj.
观察的, 观测的
Occurrence        n.
The act or an instance of occurring. 发生发生的行为或例子
Something that takes place.发生的事情
Official        adj.
Of or relating to an office or a post of authority: 职务上的与职务或权力职位有关的：
Authorized by a proper authority; authoritative: 有权威的由适当权力机构授于的：
Holding office or serving in a public capacity: 供职的供职或在公共职能部门中服务：
Characteristic of or befitting a person of authority; formal: 正式以权威人物为主的或适合权于威人物的；正式：
Authorized by or contained in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia or National Formulary. Used of drugs. （药）法定的美国的药书或药典授权的或含有的。用于药物

n.
One who holds an office or a position, especially one who acts in a subordinate capacity for an institution such as a corporation or governmental agency. 公务员，职员一个供职的人，尤指在如公司或政府机构的下属机构工作的人

【体育运动】
A referee or an umpire.裁判
Omission        n.
The act or an instance of omitting. 省略，删除省略的行为或例子
The state of having been omitted.被省略的状态
Something omitted or neglected.被删除或忽略之物
Ongoing        adj.
Currently taking place: 进行中的现在正在发生的：
In progress or evolving.前进的或形成中的
Organization        n.abbr:org.
The act or process of organizing. 组织组织的行为或者过程
The state or manner of being organized: 组织状态被组织的状态或者方式：
Something that has been organized or made into an ordered whole. 被组织物被组织或者编排进入一个有次序的整体的事物
Something made up of elements with varied functions that contribute to the whole and to collective functions; an organism. 组织由作用不同的但却合而为一共同发挥作用的元素组成的事物；有机体
A group of persons organized for a particular purpose; an association: 组织为特殊目的组织起来的一群人；一个联盟：
A structure through which individuals cooperate systematically to conduct business. 组织一群人有系统地合作以开展活动的所建立的结构
The administrative personnel of such a structure.这种组织的管理人员
Orientation        n.
The act of orienting or the state of being oriented. 向东定向的行为或被定向的状态
Location or position relative to the points of the compass. 定向与罗盘所指相关的地点或位置
The direction followed in the course of a trend, movement, or development. 趋向尾随着一系列趋势、运动或发展的方向
A tendency of thought; a general inclination: 倾向思考问题的倾向；普遍的趋向：
An adjustment or adaptation to a new environment, situation, custom, or set of ideas. 适应对新的环境、状况、习俗或一系列思想的适应或者接受
Introductory instruction concerning a new situation: 介绍针对新形势的介绍性指导：

【心理学】
Awareness of the objective world in relation to one's self. 定位（力）对与自身相关的物质世界的关心
Originality        n.
The quality of being original. 独创性独创的特性
The capacity to act or think independently.独立行动或思考的能力
Something original.开创性的事物
Panic        n.
A sudden, overpowering terror, often affecting many people at once. 惊恐，恐慌一种突然的难以抗拒的恐惧，常常同时影响许多人See: fear

【俚语】
One that is uproariously funny.非常滑稽的人或物

adj.
Of, relating to, or resulting from sudden, overwhelming terror: 惊慌失措的，恐慌的突然的广泛传播的惊慌的，与其有关的或由其引起的：

v.tr.intr.
To affect or be affected with panic.使恐慌，受恐慌影响See: frighten
Particularly        adv.
To a great degree; especially:很大程度上地；特别地：
With particular reference or emphasis; individually or specifically:特别提及或强调地；个别地或具体地：
With regard to particulars; in detail.涉及详细情况地；细节地
Pedagogical        adj.
教育学的, 教学法的
Perceive        v.tr.
To become aware of directly through any of the senses, especially sight or hearing. 意识到通过任何一种感官，尤指视觉或听觉等直接意识到
To achieve understanding of; apprehend. 理解获得对…的理解；理解See: see
Percept        n.
The object of perception.知觉的对象
A mental impression of something perceived by the senses, viewed as the basic component in the formation of concepts; a sense datum. 感知对某物通过感官得到的精神印象，被看做形成概念的基本构成部件；感觉证据
Perception        n.
The process, act, or faculty of perceiving. 知觉知觉过程、行为或作用
The effect or product of perceiving. 感知知觉的效果或产物

【心理学】
Recognition and interpretation of sensory stimuli based chiefly on memory. 领悟力主要在记忆基础上的再认识和对感觉刺激物的理解
The neurological processes by which such recognition and interpretation are effected. 领悟再认识和理解产生效应的精神过程
Insight, intuition, or knowledge gained by perceiving. 感知直觉、洞察力或通过感知获得的知识
The capacity for such insight.洞察力的容量
Perceptive        adj.
Of or relating to perception:感知的或与感知有关的：
Having the ability to perceive; keen in discernment.有感知能力的；极端敏锐的
Marked by discernment and understanding; sensitive.有理解或敏锐特征的；敏感的
Perceptual        adj.
Of, based on, or involving perception. 感性的与感知有关的、感知的或基于感知的
Perfunctory        adj.
Done routinely and with little interest or care: 官样文章的循序而做，没有什么兴趣或关注：
Acting with indifference; showing little interest or care. 冷漠的，敷衍的冷漠做某事的；没有多少兴趣的
Perplexed        adj.
Filled with confusion or bewilderment; puzzled. 困惑的，费解的充满困惑或昏乱的；令人费解的
Full of complications or difficulty; involved. 复杂的，杂乱的，难办的充满抱怨或困难的；复杂的
Perplexity        n.
The state of being perplexed or puzzled. 困惑，茫然困惑或令人费解的状态
The state of being intricate or complicated: 复杂状态，混乱状态：
Something that perplexes.使人困惑的事物
Pervasive        adj.
Having the quality or tendency to pervade or permeate: 弥漫性的，渗透性的具有弥漫或渗透的性质或倾向的：
Phenomena        n.
现象Plural of phenomenon

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Physical        adj..
Of or relating to the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit. 肉体的肉体的或身体的，与肉体有关的，相对于心灵和精神的See: bodily
Involving or characterized by vigorous bodily activity: 动作激烈的与活跃的身体活动有关的或具有其特点的：

【俚语】
Involving or characterized by violence: 武力的，暴力的涉及暴力的，以暴力为特征的：
Of or relating to material things: 物质的物质的，有形的；与物质有关的：
Of or relating to matter and energy or the sciences dealing with them, especially physics 自然法则的研究物体和能量的科学的，或与之有关的，尤指物理的
Pictorial        adj.
Relating to, characterized by, or composed of pictures 画的有关画的、以画微特点的或组成画的
Represented as if in a picture 有插图的好象在画中表示的：
Illustrated by pictures用图说明的：

n.
An illustrated periodical. 画报，画刊有插图的杂志
Picture        n.
A visual representation or image painted, drawn, photographed, or otherwise rendered on a flat surface. 绘画，图画绘画、拍照或用其他方法置在平面上的视觉表现或意象
A visible image, especially one on a flat surface: 景色视觉意象，尤指平面上的景色：
A vivid or realistic verbal description:生动或现实的描写：
A vivid mental image.心中的生动意象
A person or an object bearing a marked resemblance to another: 酷似；化身与另一人或物具有极明显相似性的人或物：
A person, an object, or a scene that typifies or embodies an emotion, a state of mind, or a mood: 情绪，心态代表或具体化一种情绪、心态或情绪的人、物或景色：
The chief circumstances of an event or time; a situation. 情景事件或时代的主要环境；情形
A movie.电影
A tableau vivant.活人画

v.tr.
To make a visible representation of. 展示对…进行视觉上的表现
To form a mental image of; visualize. 构想，想象使…形成视觉形象
To describe vividly in words; make a verbal picture of: 描述生动地用语言描绘；制成一幅生动的画：See: represent
Pinpoint        n.
Something extremely small or trifling. 琐事极小或琐碎的事物
A very small or sharp point:极小或尖的点：
A point on a map marking a precise location or target. 精确位置地图上的点，作为精确位置或定点目标

v.tr.
To locate or identify with precision.精确地定位或确认
To take precise aim at: 瞄准精确地对准目标：
To direct attention to: 使突出，使显著引起注意：

adj.
Meticulously precise:精确的，细微的：
measured the line with pinpoint accuracy.以细微的精度测量线条
Extremely small; minuscule:极小的；微小的：
Plague        n.
A widespread affliction or calamity, especially one seen as divine retribution. 瘟疫，祸患广泛的苦难或灾祸，特别是被认为神的惩罚的
A sudden destructive influx or injurious outbreak: 突然的灾害一种突发性破坏的汇集或有害的爆发：
A cause of annoyance; a nuisance: 纷扰引起厌烦的原因；令人头痛的事：
A highly infectious, usually fatal, epidemic disease, especially bubonic plague. 瘟疫，传染病一种高度传染且经常是致命的瘟疫，特别指淋巴腺鼠疫

v.tr.
To pester or annoy persistently or incessantly. 使苦恼，烦扰经常不断地打扰或烦扰See: harass
To afflict with or as if with a disease or calamity: 使遭殃，困扰被或似乎被某种疾病或灾难折磨：
Plausible        adj.
Seemingly or apparently valid, likely, or acceptable; credible: 看似真实的，看似有道理的看起来或表面上正确的、可能的或可接受的；可靠的：
Giving a deceptive impression of truth, acceptability, or reliability; specious: 花言巧语的产生事实、可接受性或可信赖性的欺骗印象的；华而不实的：
Pleading        A plea; an entreaty.恳求；请求

【法律】
Advocacy of causes in court. 辩护法庭中案件的辩护
Pledge        n.
A solemn binding promise to do, give, or refrain from doing something: 诺言，誓言答应做，给予或避免不做某事的庄重有约束力的允诺：
Something given or held as security to guarantee payment of a debt or fulfillment of an obligation. 抵押物作为保证偿还债务或履行义务的担保而给予或持有的东西
The condition of something thus given or held: 抵押这样给予或持有的担保物的条件：

【法律】
Delivery of goods or personal property as security for a debt or an obligation:质押作为债务或义务担保的商品或个人财产的交付：
The contract by which such delivery is made. 质押契约使质押品交付的协议
A token or sign: 象征，徵兆标志或符号：
A person who has been accepted for membership in a fraternity or similar organization and has promised to join but has not yet been initiated. 立誓入会的人已经被兄弟会或类似的组织接受为会员而且立誓加入，但仍尚未入会的人
The act of drinking in honor of someone; a toast. 干杯为某人的荣誉而喝酒的举动；祝酒
A vow to abstain from alcoholic liquor: 保证书戒绝喝酒精饮料的誓言：

v.tr.
To offer or guarantee by a solemn binding promise: 许诺用庄重有约束力的诺言提出或保证：See: devote  See: promise
To bind or secure by or as if by a pledge: 用…担保用或好象用担保物来约束或保证：
To deposit as security; pawn. 抵押作为担保存放；抵押
To promise to join (a fraternity or similar organization). 立誓加入立誓加入（兄弟会或类似组织）
To accept as a prospective member of such an organization. 接受入会接受某人成为这样组织的未来成员
To drink a toast to.为…祝酒

v.intr.
To make a solemn binding promise; swear. 许诺作出庄重有约束力的誓言；发誓
To drink a toast.祝酒
Polarity        Intrinsic polar separation, alignment, or orientation, especially of a physical property: （二）极性，极固有的二级分化、排列或定向，特别是作为一种物理属性：
An indicated polar extreme: 极，电的两极性被指示的极端：
The possession or manifestation of two opposing attributes, tendencies, or principles: 对立，极端拥有或展示两种互相对立的特性、倾向或原则：
Positional        adj.
位置(上)的; 地位上的; 职务(上)的
【军】阵地的
positive        adj.
Characterized by or displaying certainty, acceptance, or affirmation: 肯定的以确定性、同意或证实为特征的或展现这些特性的：
Measured or moving forward or in a direction of increase or progress. 进步的向着增长或发展的方向移动或合乎这种标准的
Explicitly or openly expressed or laid down: 明确的明确或公开地表达或制定的：
Admitting of no doubt; irrefutable: 无疑的不容置疑的；无法辩驳的：
Very sure; confident: 确定的，有信心的十分有把握的；自信的：See: sure
Overconfident; dogmatic. 独断的过于自信的；顽固的
Formally or arbitrarily determined; prescribed. 指定的正式或擅自决定的；规定的
Concerned with practical rather than theoretical matters. 实证的与实际而不是理论事物有关的
Composed of or characterized by the presence of particular qualities or attributes; real. 镇定的由特殊品质或特质组成的或以其为特点的；真实的

【哲学】
Of or relating to positivism. 实证主义的实证哲学的或与此有关的
Of or relating to laws imposed by human authority rather than by nature or reason alone: 由权威制定的法律的由人类的权威而不是由自然或理性施行的法律的，或与之有关的：
Of or relating to religion based on revelation rather than on nature or reason alone. 启示的，默示的基于启示而不是单以自然或理性的宗教的，或与其有关的

【非正式用语】
Utter; absolute: 全然的完全的；绝对的：

【数学】
Relating to or designating a quantity greater than zero. 正的与比零大的数量有关的或表示比零大的数量的
Relating to or designating the sign ( + ). 正号的表示或关于正号(+)的
Relating to or designating a quantity, number, angle, or direction opposite to another designated as negative. 正向的关于或表明与另一个表示为负的相反的数量、数字、角度或方向的

n.
An affirmative element or characteristic. 明确的要素被证实的因素或特点
【哲学】
Something perceptible to the senses. 可实证物感觉器官能察觉到的事物
【数学】
A quantity greater than zero. 正值比零大的数量
【物理学】
A positive electric charge. 正电正电荷，阳电荷
A photographic image in which the lights and darks appear as they do in nature. 正片明暗在其上的显示与在自然中一样的影像
Possibility        The fact or state of being possible. 可能，可能性可能的事实或状态
Something that is possible.可能的事物
Potentiality for favorable or interesting results: 潜在价值产生良好或有趣结果的潜力：
Practical        adj.
Of, relating to, governed by, or acquired through practice or action, rather than theory, speculation, or ideals: 实践的，实际的实践或行动的，而不是理论、猜测或理想的，与实践或行动有关的，由实践和行动控制的，通过实践和行动获得的：
Manifested in or involving practice: 可实现的，实用的在实践中显示的或牵涉到实践的：
Actually engaged in a specified occupation or a certain kind of work; practicing. 从事实际工作的实际从事某种职业或工作的；实干的
Capable of being used or put into effect; useful: 实用的，有实用价值的可用的或起作用的；有用的：See: practicable
Intended to serve a purpose without elaboration: 注意实效的，讲究实际的为达到某一目的而没精心制作的：
Concerned with the production or operation of something useful: 可用的，实用的有关有用事物的生产或操作的：
Level-headed, efficient, and unspeculative. 务实的头脑冷静的，效率高的，踏实的
Being actually so in almost every respect; virtual: 实质上的几乎在每一方面都实际的；实质上的：
Precisely        adv.
In a precise manner.精确地
Used as an intensive:用作加强语气的词：
Presence        n.
The state or fact of being present; current existence or occurrence. 出席，出场，存在出席的状态或事实；现实存在或发生
Immediate proximity in time or space.附近，时间临近
The area immediately surrounding a great personage, especially a sovereign.伟大人物周围的区域，尤指君主
A person who is present.在场人物
A person's bearing, especially when it commands respectful attention 举止个人举止，尤指引起尊敬的：See: bearing
The diplomatic, political, or military influence of a nation in a foreign country, especially as evidenced by the posting of its diplomats or its troops there: 势力某国在他国的外交，政治或军事实力，尤指从委派到那的外交官和驻军显示出来的：
Pretend        v.tr.
To give a false appearance of; feign: 伪装显示一副假面貌；伪装：
To claim or allege insincerely or falsely; profess: 假称不诚实地或虚假地要求或宣称；自称：
To represent fictitiously in play; make believe: 装扮在戏剧中虚构地扮演；使相信：
To take upon oneself; venture: 大胆冒昧地做使自己承担义务；冒险干某事：

v.intr.
To feign an action or a character, as in play. 扮演假扮某种行为或某个角色，如在戏剧中假扮
To put forward a claim. 自称提出要求
To make pretensions:假装，矫作：

adj. Informal
Imitation; make-believe:模仿的；仿制的：
previously        adj.
先的, 前的; 事前的; 以前的
[口]过早的, 过急的
Prey        n.
An animal hunted or caught for food; quarry. 捕获物，猎物作为食物被追捕的动物；猎物
One that is defenseless, especially in the face of attack; a victim. 牺牲品没有防卫能力，尤指在面对攻击时的生物；牺牲
The act or practice of preying. 捕猎，捕食捕猎的行为或实践

v.intr.
To hunt, catch, or eat as prey: 捕食追捕，抓获或食用（猎物）：
To victimize or make a profit at someone else's expense. 使…成为牺牲品使…成为牺牲品或以损害他人谋利
To plunder or pillage.抢劫或抢夺
To exert a baneful or injurious effect: 折磨，使痛苦施加不良的或有害的影响：
Principal        adj.
First, highest, or foremost in importance, rank, worth, or degree; chief. 重要的，首要的重要性，地位，价值或程度上处于首要的，最高的或最重要的See: chief
Of, relating to, or being financial principal, or a principal in a financial transaction
本金的，资本的属于或关于本金的或财政周转中的资金的

n.
One who holds a position of presiding rank, especially the head of an elementary school or high school. 首长，负责人处于最高地位的人，尤指小学或高中校长
A main participant in a situation. 首要参与者某一形势中的主要参加者
A person having a leading or starring role. 主要演员，主角担任领导或主要角色的人
The capital or main body of an estate or a financial holding as distinguished from the interest or revenue from it. 本金，资本财产或金融资产的资本或主体，区别于由它得来的利息或收益
A sum of money owed as a debt, upon which interest is calculated. 本金作为债务的一笔钱，以此为基础来计算利息
principle        n.
A basic truth, law, or assumption: 原则，原理基本的真理、法则或论断：
A rule or standard, especially of good behavior: 准则，道义规则或标准，尤指正确行为的标准：
The collectivity of moral or ethical standards or judgments: 道德标准道德或伦理标准或准则的集合体：
A fixed or predetermined policy or mode of action. 行为模式固定的或约定的政策或行为方式
A basic or essential quality or element determining intrinsic nature or characteristic behavior: 本能，天性决定内在的本质或典型行为的基本或主要性质或因素：
A rule or law concerning the functioning of natural phenomena or mechanical processes: 原理关于自然现象或机械过程运行的规则或法则：
Privacy        n.
The quality or condition of being secluded from the presence or view of others. 隐退，隐居脱离人群或不见他人的性质或状态
The state of being free from unsanctioned intrusion: 隐私免受非法入侵的状态：
The state of being concealed; secrecy. 保密隐藏的状况；隐匿
Privately        adj.
私人的, 个人的, 私有的
(财产等)私营的; 民间的, 私立的
私下的, 保密的; (信件等)亲启的
平民的, 无官职的, 士兵的
非公开的, 不宜公开谈论的
(地方)隔绝的, 隐蔽的, 幽僻的
[古]隐遁的
Problematic        adj.
Posing a problem; difficult to solve: 成问题的，疑难的使人困惑的难题的；难以解决的：
Open to doubt; debatable:有疑问的；值得怀疑的：
Not settled; unresolved or dubious:未知的；未解决或含糊的：
Proceed        To go forward or onward, especially after an interruption; continue: 继续进行进行或前进，尤指被打断后继续进行；继续：
To begin to carry on an action or a process:开始行动或开展：
To move on in an orderly manner:依次进行下去：
To come from a source; originate or issue:源于；起源或开始：See: stem

【法律】
To institute and conduct legal action:进行法律诉讼或起诉：

n.proceeds
The amount of money derived from a commercial or fundraising venture; the yield. 收入，获利从商业或基金机构获得的钱；收益
Process        To move along in or as if in a procession:列队行进，列队似地行进：
Procure        v.tr.
To get by special effort; obtain or acquire: 获得，取得通过特别的努力得到；获得或取得：
To bring about; effect:实现；完成：
To obtain for another (a person) for sex acts. 拉皮条为（某人）做淫媒

v.intr.
To obtain sexual partners for others. 拉皮条为其他人寻求性伙伴
Prominence        n.
The quality or condition of being prominent.
显著，杰出杰出或显著的性质或状况
Something prominent, especially an area of land raised above its surroundings.
突出物（部）突出来的某物，尤指比周围环境高的地区
Anatomy
【解剖学】
A small projection or protuberance.
凸出处小的突出物或结节
Astronomy
【天文学】
A tonguelike cloud of flaming gas rising from the sun's surface, visible as part of the corona during a total solar eclipse.
日珥从太阳表面升起的舌头状的燃烧气体的云，在日全蚀时成为日冕的一部分可看到
Prompt        adj.
Being on time; punctual. 按时的准时的；守时的

v.tr.
To move to act; spur; incite: 激励，鼓舞开始行动；激励；刺激：
To give rise to; inspire:唤起；激起：
To assist with a reminder; remind. 提醒帮助提醒某东西；提醒

n.
The act of prompting or giving a cue. 提醒，暗示提醒或给予暗示的行为
A reminder or cue. 提醒物提醒物或暗示

【计算机科学】
A symbol that appears on a monitor to indicate that the computer is ready to receive input. 提示符在显视器上显示出的表示计算机已准备好接受输入的符号

【贸易】
A prompt note.交割通知单
Property        Something owned; a possession. 财产被占有的某物；占有物
A piece of real estate: 地产不动产：
Something tangible or intangible to which its owner has legal title: 所有物主人拥有法律所有权的有形或无形的某物：
properties such as copyrights and trademarks.象版权和商标这样的所有物
Possessions considered as a group. 资产（总称）占有物
The right of ownership; title.拥有的权利；所有权
An article, except costumes and scenery, that appears on the stage or on screen during a dramatic performance. 道具除了化妆品和布景，在戏剧表演中出现在舞台或屏幕上的物件
A characteristic trait or peculiarity, especially one serving to define or describe its possessor. 特性，属性特性或不同之处，尤指用来定义或描写其占有者的特性
A characteristic attribute possessed by all members of a class. 固有的属性被某类物质的全体成员所拥有的特色See: quality
A special capability or power; a virtue: 性能特殊的能力或威力；特性：
Proportionately        adj.
相称的, 成比例的, 均衡的
Proposal        n.
The act of proposing. （建议的）提出提建议的行为
An offer of marriage.求婚
Provision        n.
The act of supplying or fitting out. 供应提供或装备的动作
Something provided. 供应品被供应的物品
A preparatory action or measure. 准备预防性行动或措施
A stock of necessary supplies, especially food. 储备一些必需品尤其是食物的储备
A stipulation or qualification, especially a clause in a document or an agreement. 条款一种规定或条件，尤其是指一个文件或协议中的条文

v.tr.
To supply with provisions.提供…以必需品
Psychological        adj..
Of or relating to psychology:心理学的或与心理学有关的：
Of, relating to, or arising from the mind or emotions. 心理的心灵或情感的，与其有关的或由其引起的
Influencing or intended to influence the mind or emotions:影响或用来影响心灵或情感的：

【色彩】
Of or being any of certain primary colors whose mixture may be subjectively conceived as producing other colors. 心理色的某些原色的，这些原色的混合能使人主观地认为产生了别的颜色
Psychologist        n.
A person trained and educated to perform psychological research, testing, and therapy. 心理学家经过训练和教育，进行心理学研究、测试和诊断的人
Purposive        adj.
Having or serving a purpose.有目的的或为某一目的服务的
Purposeful:有决心的，果断的：
Pursuit        n.
The act or an instance of chasing or pursuing. 追逐，追寻追逐或追寻的动作或事例
The act of striving:努力的动作：
An activity, such as a vocation or hobby, engaged in regularly.有规律地从事职业或爱好等活动
Qualified        adj.
Having the appropriate qualifications for an office, a position, or a task. 有资格的具备职务、职位或任务所需的适当的资格的
Limited, restricted, or modified:有限的，受限制的，有条件的：
Qualitatively        adv.
性质上; 质量上
用定性方法
Radical        adj.
Arising from or going to a root or source; basic: 根本的，根源的产生于或到达根部或源泉的；基础的：
Departing markedly from the usual or customary; extreme: 极端的，彻底的明显背离常规或习惯的；极端的：
Favoring or effecting fundamental or revolutionary changes in current practices, conditions, or institutions: 激进的，改革的支持或引起目前的惯例、条件或制度根本性或革命性的变化的：

【语言学】
Of or being a root: 词根的属于或作为词根的：

n.
One who advocates fundamental or revolutionary changes in current practices, conditions, or institutions: 激进分子在目前的习惯、条件或制度下鼓动根本性或革命性改变的人：
【数学】
The root of a quantity as indicated by the radical sign. 根，根号用根号表示出来的一个数的根
Respectively        adv..
Singly in the order designated or mentioned: 分别地按指定出的或提及的顺序逐个地：
Striking        adj.
Arresting the attention and producing a vivid impression on the sight or the mind. 惹人注目的吸引注意力的和在视觉或脑海中产生深刻印象的See: noticeable
Rather        adv.
More readily; preferably: 宁可更愿意地；较合意地：
With more reason, logic, wisdom, or other justification. 较合理地有更多原因、学识、逻辑或其他证明地
More exactly; more accurately:更确切地；更精确地：
To a certain extent; somewhat: 相当地达到一定程度地：
On the contrary.相反地
Respond        v.intr.
To make a reply; answer.回答，答复See: answer
To act in return or in answer. 回报或回复以回报或回答行动
To react positively or favorably: 作出反应，响应积极的或令人喜悦地反应：

v.tr.
To give as a reply; answer. 应答；回答作为一个答复给出；回答
Strip        v.tr.
To remove clothing or covering from. 除去除去衣物或覆盖层
To deprive of (clothing or covering).剥去（衣物或覆盖层）
To deprive of honors, rank, office, privileges, or possessions; divest. 剥夺剥夺荣誉、军衔、官职、特权或财产；夺走
To remove all excess detail from; reduce to essentials. 删除除去一切不必要的细节；使精炼
To remove equipment, furnishings, or supplementary parts or attachments from. 拆除（附属物）搬走装备、家具或补充的部份或附加物
To clear of a natural covering or growth; make bare: 清除清除自然覆盖物或生长物；使光秃：
To remove an exterior coating, as of paint or varnish, from: 刮除除去外表层，如粉层或油漆：
To remove the leaves from the stalks of. Used especially of tobacco. 摘（叶）从茎杆上摘取叶子。尤用于烟草
To dismantle (a firearm, for example) piece by piece. 分解（如火器） 一件一件地拆卸（如武器）
To damage or break the threads of (a screw, for example) or the teeth of (a gear). 折断破坏或折断 （如螺杆的）螺纹或（齿轮的）齿
To rob of wealth or property; plunder or despoil. 掠夺抢劫财产或所有物；抢劫和洗劫
To mount (a photographic positive or negative) on paper to be used in making a printing plate. 放置把（照片或底片）安置到用于冲洗底片的相纸上

v.intr.
To undress completely.剥光
To perform a striptease.表演脱衣舞
To fall away or be removed; peel. 剥除掉落或移开；剥落

n.
A striptease.脱衣舞

wstcwstcUID: 201563

Ration        n.
A fixed portion, especially an amount of food allotted to persons in military service or to civilians in times of scarcity. 给量，定量一个固定的份量，特指在物资缺乏时供给军队股役人员或平民的一定量的粮食rations
Food issued or available to members of a group. 给粮发给或能发给集体成员的粮食

v.tr.
To supply with rations.供给定量
To distribute as rations: 发粮散发定量的粮食：See: distribute
To restrict to limited allotments, as during wartime. 定量供给在例如战争期间等时候，把某物供应制定在一定数量以下
Responsible        adj.
Liable to be required to give account, as of one's actions or of the discharge of a duty or trust. 负责的，有责任的易于被要求作出陈述的，如要求对自己的行为或责任或职责的履行
Involving personal accountability or ability to act without guidance or superior authority: 责任重大的有关个人负有的责任或无需指导或上级监督的行动的能力的：
Being a source or cause.作为根源或原因的
Able to make moral or rational decisions on one's own and therefore answerable for one's behavior. 有责任感的，对自己负责的能够全靠自己做出道德或理性的决定并因而能对其行为负责的
Able to be trusted or depended upon; reliable. 可信赖的能被信任或依赖的；可靠的
Based on or characterized by good judgment or sound thinking: 合理的，能明辨是非的基于或以良好的判断或合理的思考为特征的：
Having the means to pay debts or fulfill obligations. 有能力履行的，有偿债能力的具有还债或履行义务的手段的
Required to render account; answerable: 有责任答复的需要作出交代的；应负责的：
Reaction        n.
A response to a stimulus. 反应对刺激的回应
The state resulting from such a response. 反应状态由于反应而产生的状态
A reverse or opposing action. 反动相反的，互逆的行动
A tendency to revert to a former state. 反动希望回到过去状态的趋势
Opposition to progress or liberalism; extreme conservatism. 保守对社会进步或自由主义的反对；极端保守主义
Readily        adv.
In a prompt, timely manner; promptly. 敏捷地以一种快速及时的方式地；迅速地
In a cooperative manner; willingly. 乐意地以一种合作的方式地；情愿地；情愿地
In a manner indicating or connoting ease; easily. 无困难地以一种表现出或带有简便的方式地；容易地
Reality        The quality or state of being actual or true. 真实性具有真实的性质或处于真实的状态
One, such as a person, an entity, or an event, that is actual: 实体诸如人、实体或事件这样现实的东西：
The totality of all things possessing actuality, existence, or essence. 现实所有存在的、具有现实性或本质的事物的总和
That which exists objectively and in fact: 实际客观存在的东西，事实存在的事物：

【哲学】
That which has necessary existence and not contingent existence. 实在绝对存在而非偶然存在的事物
Realm        n.
A kingdom.王国
A field, sphere, or province: 界某个领域、界或范围：See: field
Rear        v.tr.
To care for (children or a child) during the early stages of life; bring up. 抚养养育照顾年幼的（孩子们或孩子）；培养
To lift upright; raise.直立起；抬高
To build; erect.建筑；树立See: lift
To tend (growing plants or animals). 培植；饲养照顾（动物或植物）的生长

v.intr.
To rise on the hind legs, as a horse. 直立用后腿，诸如马，立起来
To rise high in the air; tower. 高耸高高地插入空中；耸立
Reception        n.
The act or process of receiving or of being received. 接受接受或被接受的行为或过程
A welcome, greeting, or acceptance: 接待，欢迎欢迎，问候或接待：
A social function, especially one intended to provide a welcome or greeting: 招待会一种社会活动，尤指用于欢迎或问候的社交活动：
Mental approval or acceptance: 接受思想上赞成或接纳：
Receptive        adj.
Capable of or qualified for receiving. 容纳的可以或能够接受的
Ready or willing to receive favorably: 接受的容易或愿意赞成地接受的：

【语言学】
Of or relating to the skills of listening and reading. 接受得快的属于或与听和读的技巧有关的
Recognizable        adj.
可认出的; 可认识[识别]的
面熟的, 好象认得的
可承认[公认]的
Recount        v.tr.
To narrate the facts or particulars of. 详细叙述讲叙……的事件或细节See: describe
To enumerate.列举
Refute        To prove to be false or erroneous; overthrow by argument or proof:
驳倒证明是假的或错误的；通过论据或证据推翻：
To deny the accuracy or truth of: 否认真实性否认…真相的确切性：
Regional        adj.
Of or relating to a large geographic region. 地理区域的大的地理性区域的或与之相关的区域的
Of or relating to a particular region or district. 特定区域的，特定地区的特定的区域或地区的或与之相关的
Of or characteristic of a form of a language that is distributed in identifiable geographic areas and differs in pronunciation, grammar, or vocabulary from the standard form; dialectal. 方言的分布于不同地理区域，发音语法或词汇和标准形式不同的语言的或有该特点的；方言的

n.
Something, such as a magazine or a company branch, that serves a region: 地区性分支机构为一个地区服务某物，如，一种杂志或者分公司：
Regulate        v.tr.
To control or direct according to rule, principle, or law. 管理依照制度，规则或法律控制或指导
To adjust to a particular specification or requirement: 调节调整到特定的规格或要求：
To adjust (a mechanism) for accurate and proper functioning.调整（一台机器）使其发挥精确的正常的功能
To put or maintain in order:保持或使有条理：
Regulation        n.
The act of regulating or the state of being regulated. 管理管理的动作或被管理的状态
A principle, rule, or law designed to control or govern conduct. 规章制度为控制或管理行为而设计的原则制度或法律
Remarkable        adj.
Worthy of notice.值得注意的
Attracting notice as being unusual or extraordinary. 卓越的因不寻常或出众而吸收注意力的See: noticeable
Remedy        Something, such as medicine or therapy, that relieves pain, cures disease, or corrects a disorder. 药物；治疗减轻痛苦，治疗疾病或者排除混乱的东西，诸如药品或者治疗
Something that corrects an evil, a fault, or an error. 补救办法改正邪恶，过错或者错误的事物

【法律】
A legal order of preventing or redressing a wrong or enforcing a right. 法律补救办法阻止或者矫正错误或者增强正义的一个法律命令
The allowance by a mint for deviation from the standard weight or quality of coins. 公差铸币厂偏离硬币的标准或质量的允许范围

v.tr.
To relieve or cure (a disease or disorder).减轻或治愈（疾病或混乱）
To set right; remove, rectify, or counteract. 改正；清除改正；去掉，纠正，或消除See: correct, See: cure
Remembrance        n.
The act or process of remembering. 回忆回忆的动作或者过程See: memory
The state of being remembered: 被记忆被记住的状态：
Something serving to celebrate or honor the memory of a person or an event; a memorial. 纪念为庆祝或尊重某人或某事件的回忆的东西；纪念物；
The length of time over which one's memory extends. 记忆期某人记忆延伸的时间长度
Something remembered; a reminiscence.回忆的东西；回忆线索
A souvenir.纪念品
A greeting or token expressive of affection.问候或者表达感情的象征
Render        v.tr.
To submit or present, as for consideration, approval, or payment: 呈递，提出如为考虑、赞同或支付等发出或呈报：
To give or make available; provide: 给予给予或使可获得；提供：
To give what is due or owed: 表示给予到期或拖欠的东西：
To give in return or retribution: 还以，抱以以回报或报复给予：
To surrender or relinquish; yield. 放弃，投降投降或交出；放弃
To represent in verbal form; depict: 描写以文字形式表现；描绘：
To represent in a drawing or painting, especially in perspective. 表现以图像或绘画表现，尤指用透视画法
To perform an interpretation of (a musical piece, for example). 演奏，诠释对（如音乐作品）进行艺术处理
To express in another language or form; translate. 翻译用另一种语言或形式进行表达；翻译
To deliver or pronounce formally: 正式宣布正式地交付或宣布：
To cause to become; make: 使成为…使成为；制成：
To reduce, convert, or melt down (fat) by heating. 熔解，精炼通过加热减少、转化或熔化（脂肪）
To coat (brick, for example) with plaster or cement 给…抹灰打底在（如砖头）上涂灰浆或水泥

n.
A payment in kind, services, or cash from a tenant to a feudal lord. 进贡佃农以实物、劳役或现金向封建领主作出的支付
Repetitive        adj.
Given to or characterized by repetition. 重复的有重复倾向或特征的
Representation        n.
The act of representing or the state of being represented. 代表代表的行为或被代表的状态
Something that represents.代表物
An account or a statement, as of facts, allegations, or arguments. （事实、断言或评论）的说明，陈述如对事实、断言或评论等的描述或陈述
An expostulation; a protest.劝戒；抗议
A presentation or production, as of a play.戏剧等的演出或制作
The state or condition of serving as an official delegate, agent, or spokesperson. 代表，代理作为官方的代表、代理或发言人的状态或情形
The right or privilege of being represented by delegates having a voice in a legislative body. 代表权由在立法机构具发言权的代表所代表的权力或特权

【法律】
A statement of fact made by one party in order to induce another party to enter into a contract. 事实陈述一方为了促使另一方订立合同所作的事实陈述
Repute        v.tr.
To ascribe a particular fact or characteristic to. 称为把某一事实或特征归于…
To consider; suppose.考虑；认为

Rescuer        n.
援救者; 救助者; 救星
Reservation        n.abbr:res.
The act of reserving; a keeping back or withholding. 保留存留的行为：保留或留下
Something that is kept back or withheld. 保留物被保留或留下的东西
A limiting qualification, condition, or exception: 限制有限制的条件、情况或例外：
An arrangement by which accommodations are secured in advance, as in a hotel or on an airplane. 预订预先得到房间或座席的安排，如在旅馆中或飞机上
The accommodations so secured.预订的房间或座席
The record or promise of such an arrangement.预订的记录或允诺
Resolution        n
The state or quality of being resolute; firm determination.
果断，决意态度坚决的状态或品质；坚定的决心
A resolving to do something. 决定，决议决定做某事
A course of action determined or decided on. 解决决定或做出决定的行动过程

【化学】 【物理学】
The act or process of separating or reducing something into its constituent parts: 分解，分解过程将某物分离或分解为其组成部分的行为或过程：
The fineness of detail that can be distinguished in an image, as on a video display terminal. 辨析率，解析度影像能被分辨的细微程度，如在视频显示终端的细微程度

【法律】
A court decision. 判定，判决法庭决议，裁决
Resourceful        adj.
Able to act effectively or imaginatively, especially in difficult situations. 机敏的能有效或有创造力地行动，尤指在困难情况下
Responsive        adj.
Answering or replying; responding. 回答的回答的或答复的；回复的
Readily reacting to suggestions, influences, appeals, or efforts: 反应迅速的对建议、影响、意见或努力迅速反应的：
Containing or using responses:包含或使用应答的：
Revise        v.tr.
To prepare a newly edited version of (a text).
修订准备（教科书）的新编版本
To reconsider and change or modify:
修改，修正重新考虑并改变或修改：
I have revised my opinion of him.
我已重新考虑了对他的意见
See: correct
revise
n.
AHD:[r&para;“v&ordm;z”, r&sup1;-v&ordm;z“]abbr:rev. Printing
A proof made from an earlier proof on which corrections have been made.
改样由已作更正的较早校样做出的校样
Rightness        n.
The state or quality of being right. 正确性正确的状态或性质
Rigorously        adv.
严格的; 严肃的; 严厉的
严峻的; 严酷的, 苛刻的
严密的; 精确的
Salvation        n.
Preservation or deliverance from destruction, difficulty, or evil. 救助；解救以毁灭，困难或邪恶中保存或解救
A source, means, or cause of such preservation or deliverance. 救助者，救助的方法保存或救助的来源，方法或原因
Saturated        adj.
Unable to hold or contain more; full. 饱和的不能盛或包含更多的了；充满的
Soaked with moisture; drenched. 浸透的被浸液浸透的；浸透的
Scheme        n.
A systematic plan of action. 计划行动的系统性计划
A secret or devious plan; a plot. 阴谋秘密的或不正当的计划；计划See: plan
An impractical or unrealistic plan: 不切实际的计划不切实际或不现实的计划：
An orderly combination of related parts: 系统配置有联系的各部分之间有序的结合：
an irrigation scheme with dams, reservoirs, and channels.有水坝、水库和水渠的灌溉系统
A chart, a diagram, or an outline of a system or an object.系统或计划的图表、图解或大纲

  v.tr.
To plot:谋划：
scheming their revenge.谋划他们的报复
To contrive a plan or scheme for.设计图谋、计划或方案

v.intr.
To make plans, especially secret or devious ones. 密谋制定方案，尤指秘密地或不正当地
Secure        Free from danger or attack:
安全的没有危险或免受攻击的：
Free from risk of loss; safe: 保险的无损失风险的；安全的：
Free from the risk of being intercepted or listened to by unauthorized persons: 免遭窃听的免受未经授权的人拦截或偷听的：
Free from fear, anxiety, or doubt. 安心的从恐惧、焦虑或疑惑中解脱出来的
Not likely to fail or give way; stable: 稳固的不可能失败或放弃的；坚固的：
Firmly fastened: 紧闭的牢牢被固定的：
Reliable; dependable:可靠的；可依赖的：
Assured; certain:确信的；一定的：

v.tr.
To guard from danger or risk of loss: 保护保护使免受危险或失败：
To make firm or tight; fasten. 紧闭使牢固或紧；使紧See: fasten
To make certain; ensure: 确信使肯定；确保：
To guarantee payment of (a loan, for example). 担保保证（如贷款的）偿付
To guarantee payment to (a creditor). 提供保证保证向（债权人）偿付
To get possession of; acquire:获得…财产；取得：
To capture or confine:抓获，监禁：
To bring about; effect:造成；影响：
To protect or ensure the privacy or secrecy of (a telephone line, for example). 保障保护或保障（如电话线）的私人化和隐私
Seductive        adj.
Tending to seduce: 诱惑的有引诱趋向的：
Seem        To give the impression of being; appear:看来好象；似乎：
To appear to one's own opinion or mind: 感觉好象，就某人看来好象表现某人自己的观点或思想：
To appear to be true, probable, or evident: 好象似乎是真的、可能的或显而易见的：
To appear to exist:似乎存在：
Senate        n.
An assembly or a council of citizens having the highest deliberative and legislative functions in a government, specifically: 最高的立法机构在政府中拥有最高审议和立法功能的公民的议会或理事会，特别指：Senate
The upper house of the U.S. Congress, to which two members are elected from each state by popular vote for a six-year term. 参议院美国议会的上院，由每州通过公民投票选出两名任期六年的参议员组成
The upper house in the bicameral legislature of many states in the United States. 参议院美国的一些州的两院制立法机关中的上院

The upper legislative house in Canada, France, and some other countries. 参议院加拿大，法国，和其它一些国家中的立法议院的上院
The supreme council of state of the ancient Roman Republic and later of the Roman Empire. 元老院古罗马共和国以及后来的罗马帝国的国家最高评议会
The building or hall in which such a council or assembly meets. 参议院会议厅这种议会或理事会召开会议的建筑物或会堂
A governing, advisory, or disciplinary body of some colleges and universities composed of faculty members and sometimes student representatives. 大学评议会某些学院和大学中由全体教员及有学衔的行政人员，有时还有学生代表，组成的管理，顾问，或纪律机构
Sequential        adj.
Forming or characterized by a sequence, as of units or musical notes. 连续的顺序形成或以顺序为特征的，如单元或音乐音调
Sequent.随之而来的
Servitude        n.
A state of subjection to an owner or a master. 奴役对所有人或主人的隶属状态
Lack of personal freedom, as to act as one chooses. 束缚缺乏个人自由，如按自己选择行事的自由
Forced labor imposed as a punishment for crime: 徒刑作为对罪犯惩罚的强制劳动：
Signal        n.abbr:sig.
An indicator, such as a gesture or colored light, that serves as a means of communication. 信号一种用作通讯交流手段的指示，比如一种手势或有色的光See: gesture
A message communicated by such means. 信号用这种手段传达的信息
Something that incites action: 导因激起行动的某物：

adj.
Notably out of the ordinary: 出色的明显超出一般的：See: noticeable

v.tr.
To make a signal to:向…发信号：

v.intr.
To make a signal or signals. 发信号发一个信号或多个信号
Specter        n.
A ghostly apparition; a phantom.鬼怪；幻觉
A haunting or disturbing image or prospect: 幻影，幻象缠绕心头或忧虑的景象或预感：
Speculation        n.abbr:spec.
Contemplation or consideration of a subject; meditation. 思索；沉思对某一问题的仔细考虑或思考；沉思
A conclusion, an opinion, or a theory reached by conjecture. 推论，推断通过推测得到的结论、观点或理论
Reasoning based on inconclusive evidence; conjecture or supposition. 推测根据不确定的证据的推理；推测或假定
Engagement in risky business transactions on the chance of quick or considerable profit. 投机从事冒险性商业交易以期获得快速或大量的利润
Speculative        adj.
Of, characterized by, or based upon contemplative speculation.深思熟虑的，以深思熟虑为基础的See: theoretical
Given to conjecture or speculation.猜测性的，推测的
Marked by inquisitive interest:带着疑问的，好奇的：
Engaging in, given to, or involving financial speculation:从事金融投机的，好投机的，投机性的：
Spent in speculation:用于投机的：
Involving chance; risky:冒险性的，不确定的：
Sphere        n.
  【数学】
A three-dimensional surface, all points of which are equidistant from a fixed point. 球面一个三维空间表面上所有点都与该空间的中心点距离相等
A spherical object or figure.球体，球形
A celestial body, such as a planet or star.天体，如行星或恒星
The sky, appearing as a hemisphere to an observer:天球，观察者所望见的呈半球形的天空：
The extent of a person's knowledge, interests, or social position. 范围，地位一个人的知识范围、兴趣范围或社会地位
An area of power, control, or influence; domain. 势力范围权力、控制力或影响力的范围；领域See: field

v.tr.
To form into a sphere.形成球体
To put in or within a sphere.置于球面内部
To surround or encompass.包围，围绕
Statement        n.
The act of stating or declaring. 讲话陈述或宣称的行为
Something stated; a declaration. 宣言陈述的事；宣言

【法律】
A formal pleading. 声明正式的指控
An abstract of a commercial or financial account showing an amount due; a bill. 帐目显示到期数额的商业或财政记录纲要；钞票
A monthly report sent to a debtor or bank depositor. 借贷报告书每月向借贷者或银行储户所发出的报告书

【计算机科学】
An elementary instruction in a source language.源语言中的基本指令
Stationary        adj.
Not moving.静止的
Not capable of being moved; fixed.不能被移动的；固定的
Unchanging:不变的：

n.
One that is stationary.固定的事物
Stature        n.
The natural height of a human being or an animal in an upright position. 身材人或动物立正姿式时的自然高度
An achieved level; status. 声望获得的状况；地位
Statute        n.
【法律】
A law enacted by a legislature. 法令立法机关所颁布的法律
A decree or an edict, as of a ruler. 政令统治者发布的法令或公告
An established law or rule, as of a corporation. 条例公司制定的规则
Stimuli        Something causing or regarded as causing a response. 刺激因素能引起或被认为引起反应的东西
An agent, an action, or a condition that elicits or accelerates a physiological or psychological activity or response. 刺激物一种引起或加速生理或心理活动或反应的药剂、行为或状况
Something that incites or rouses to action; an incentive: 激法物导致或刺激活动的东西：
Strait        n.
A narrow channel joining two larger bodies of water. 海峡连接两个大的水体的狭窄的通道
A position of difficulty, perplexity, distress, or need. Often used in the plural: 困境困难、困惑、不幸或贫穷的境地，常用复数：

adj.
Difficult; stressful.困难的，压力大的
Having or marked by limited funds or resources. 窘迫的具有有限的资金、资源或以之为特征的

wstcwstcUID: 201563

Structural        adj.
Of, relating to, having, or characterized by structure: 结构的属于，关于结构的，有组织的，有结构特点的：
Affecting structure:影响结构的：
Used in or necessary to building: 建筑用的建筑所用的或建筑所必须的：
Concerned with or resulting from political or especially economic structure.与政治，尤其是经济结构有关的或由这一结构产生的
Studied        adj.
Resulting from deliberation and careful thought: 慎重的故意的且精心考虑而得的：
Lacking spontaneity; contrived: 故意，装出来的缺乏自发性的，设计出来的：
Learned; knowledgeable.有学问的；知识丰富的
Substantial        adj.
Of, relating to, or having substance; material. 物质的与物质有关的；具有物质的
True or real; not imaginary.真实的，非想象的
Solidly built; strong.结实的，健壮的
Ample; sustaining:丰盛的，丰富的：
Considerable in importance, value, degree, amount, or extent: 有重大价值的重要的、有价值的或内容充实的：
Possessing wealth or property; well-to-do.富裕的，富有的

n.
An essential. Often used in the plural.（通常用复数）实质性的东西
A solid thing. Often used in the plural.（通常用复数）结实的东西
Substitute        n.
One that takes the place of another; a replacement: 代用品替代者；代替物：

v.tr.
To put or use (a person or thing) in place of another:用人或事来取代：

v.intr.
To take the place of another:用…替代（一个人或一物）：
Suffrage        n.
The right or privilege of voting; the franchise. 选举权投票的权利或特权；投票权
The exercise of such a right. 选举投票上述权利的实行
A vote cast in deciding a disputed question or in electing a person to office. 投的票在决定有争议的问题或选举某人提任某项职务时投的票
A short intercessory prayer. 代祷为他人的简短祷告
Synthesize        v.tr.
To combine so as to form a new, complex product: 综合联合以形成一种新的、复杂的产物：
To form or produce by chemical synthesis. 合成通过化学合成形成或制造

v.intr.
To form a synthesis. 综合形成一个综合体（或合成物）
Technical        adj.
Of, relating to, or derived from technique. 技术的属于，关于或来自于技术的
Having special skill or practical knowledge especially in a mechanical or scientific field: 技术专家的尤其指在机械或科学领域有特别的技能或实践知识的：
Used in or peculiar to a specific field or profession; specialized: 专门化的在特定的领域或职业中使用或独具的；专门化的：
Belonging or relating to a particular subject: 专业的属于或关于特定科目的：
Of, relating to, or involving the practical, mechanical, or industrial arts or the applied sciences: 技术的属于，关于或涉及实践的、机械的或工业的技术或应用科学的：
Abstract or theoretical: 理论的抽象的或理论的：
Of, relating to, or employing the methodology of science; scientific. 科学的属于，关于或使用科学方法论的；科学的
According to principle; formal rather than practical: 理论的根据原理的；比实践更正式的：
Industrial and mechanical; technological. 工艺的工业的和机械的；科技的
Indicating or relating to a stock market in which prices are determined or affected by internal manipulation and speculation. 股市内部操纵的显示或关于价格被内部操纵和投机决定或影响的股票市场的
Training        n.
The process or routine of one who trains. 训练某人进行训练的过程或程序
The state of being trained. 受训接受训练的状态
Trait        n.
A distinguishing feature, as of a person's character. 特征显著的特点，如一个人的性格方面的See: quality
A genetically determined characteristic or condition: 遗传特征由基因决定的特征或情况：
A stroke with or as if with a pencil. 一笔用铅笔或如同用铅笔一样画一下
A slight degree or amount, as of a quality; a touch or trace: 少许，微量微小的程度或数量，如特性方面的；一点或一丝：
Trample        v.tr.
To beat down with the feet so as to crush, bruise, or destroy; tramp on. 踩、踏用脚压倒以便粉碎、挫伤或毁坏…；踩在…之上
To treat harshly or ruthlessly: 蹂躏严厉或无情地对待：

v.intr.
To tread heavily or destructively:重重地或破坏性地踩：
To inflict injury as if by treading heavily:象被沉重地践踏一样受到伤害：

n.
The action or sound of trampling.踩踏的行为或声音
Transcription        n.
The act or process of transcribing. 改编转录的动作或过程
Something that has been transcribed, especially:已经被改编录制的事物，尤指
Unavailing        adj.
Not availing; ineffectual or useless.徒劳的；无效的，无用的See: futile
Unconscionable        adj.
Not restrained by conscience; unscrupulous:不受良心控制的；肆无忌惮的：
Beyond prudence or reason; excessive: 过度的，不合理的不谨慎的，不理智的；过分的：
Underlying        adj.
Lying under or beneath something:位于某物之下的：
Basic; fundamental.基础的；基本的
Present but not obvious; implicit:出现但不明显的；隐含的：
Taking precedence; prior:取得领先的；更重要的：
Underplay        v.tr.
To act (a role) subtly or with restraint. 表演不充分，有节制地表演难懂地或克制地表演（一个角色）
To present or deal with subtly or with restraint; play down. 轻描淡写，贬低重要性难理解地或克制地表现或处理；轻描淡写

v.intr.
To act a role subtly or with restraint. 表演角色不充分，有节制的表演难理解地或克制地表演一个角色
Understanding        n.
The quality or condition of one who understands; comprehension. 了解；理解能理解的人的品质和条件；理解
The faculty by which one understands; intelligence. 理解力某人借以理解的能力；理解力
See: reason
Individual or specified judgment or outlook; opinion. 个人看法，见解个人的或规定的判断或观点；观点
A compact implicit between two or more people or groups. 不成文的规定在两人、更多人或群体之间的默契
The matter implicit in such a compact.这样规定中的事项
A reconciliation of differences; a state of agreement: 谅解，协定分歧的和解；同意的状态：
A disposition to appreciate or share the feelings and thoughts of others; sympathy. 同情，了解懂得或分享别人的感觉和思想的性情；同情

adj.
Characterized by or having comprehension, good sense, or discernment. 有理解力的，有洞察力的以具有良好的判断力、辨别力和洞察力为特点的
Compassionate; sympathetic.富于同情心的；同情的
Unerring        adj.
Committing no mistakes; consistently accurate.不犯错误的；一贯准确的
Unremitting        adj.
Never slackening; persistent.从不放松的；坚持不懈的
Untangle        v.tr.
To free from a tangle; disentangle. 解脱；解开把…从一团纠结的事物中解脱出来；解开…的缠结See: extricate
To straighten out (something puzzling or complicated); clarify or resolve. 理清理清（某个让人迷惑或复杂难解的事物）；澄清或解决
Vain        Not yielding the desired outcome; fruitless: 没有结果的没有达到预期目的的；无结果的：
Lacking substance or worth:无价值的：
Excessively proud of one's appearance or accomplishments; conceited. 自负的对某人的外表或成果过分骄傲的；自高自大的
Value        n.
An amount, as of goods, services, or money, considered to be a fair and suitable equivalent for something else; a fair price or return. 价值被认为与其他事物公平的、合适的且相等的数量，例如物品、服务或金钱；公正的价格或收益
Monetary or material worth: 等值的用金钱衡量的或物质上的价值：
the fluctuating value of gold and silver.黄金和白银的起伏不定的价格
Worth in usefulness or importance to the possessor; utility or merit: 益处，有用性对于拥有者来说，在用处或重要性上的价值；用处或好处：
A principle, standard, or quality considered worthwhile or desirable: 价值标准被认为是值得的或需要的一种原则、标准或性质：
Precise meaning or import, as of a word. 涵义意义确切的含义或要旨，例如单词

v.tr.
To determine or estimate the worth or value of; appraise. 给…估价或定价给…决定或评估价值；评估
To regard highly; esteem. 重视，尊重评价很高；尊重See: appreciate
To rate according to relative estimate of worth or desirability; evaluate: 评价根据对价值或需求的相对估计而评价；给…定价：
To assign a value to (a unit of currency, for example).把价值分配给（例如货币单位）
Virtual        adj.
Existing or resulting in essence or effect though not in actual fact, form, or name: 实质上的，实际上的虽然没有实际的事实、形式或名义，但在实际上或效果上存在或产生的：
Existing in the mind, especially as a product of the imagination. Used in literary criticism of text. 虚的，内心的在头脑中存在的，尤指意想的产物。用于文学批评中
Virtue        n.
Moral excellence and righteousness; goodness. 正直，善良道德上的优点和正直；美德
An example or kind of moral excellence: 美德，德行一种美德或其实例：
Chastity, especially in a girl or woman. 贞操贞操，尤指女孩或女子
A particularly efficacious, good, or beneficial quality; advantage: 优点，长处尤其灵验的、好的或受益的品质；长处：
a plan with the virtue of being practical.有着实用性优点的计划
Effective force or power:效力，力量：
Visionary        adj.
Characterized by vision or foresight. 想象的以想象或远见为特征的
Having the nature of fantasies or dreams; illusory. 幻觉的具有幻想或梦性质的；幻觉的
Existing in imagination only; imaginary. 出于空想的只存在于想象中的；想象的
Characterized by or given to apparitions, prophecies, or revelations. 预言性的以幻象、预言或启示为特点的
Given to daydreams or reverie; dreamy.白日做梦的或幻想的；梦想的
Not practicable or realizable; utopian: 空中楼阁的不切实际的或不现实的；乌托邦式的：
Tending to envision things in perfect but unrealistic form; idealistic. 理想主义的倾向于用完美但不切实际的形式设想事物的；理想主义的

n.
One who is given to impractical or speculative ideas; a dreamer. 空想家沉溺于不切实际空想的人；白日做梦者
One who has visions; a seer.预言家；占卜者
Whereas        conj.
It being the fact that; inasmuch as. 有鉴于出于…事实，鉴于
While at the same time.同时
While on the contrary.然而；但是；相反

n.
An introductory statement to a formal document; a preamble. “鉴于…”正式文件的介绍性陈述；开场白
A conditional statement.条件性陈述

A wild range       
Be bereft of        丧失
Constitute for       
Accede to         同意, 加入, 就任
Account for        说明, 占, 解决, 得分
Act on        对...起作用, 按...行动, 作用于
Aesthetic experience       
As it were       
As long as       
Attest to       
Be aimed at       
Be bound to       
Be compensated for       
Be directed at       
Biological remains       
Composers of beethoven’s stature       
Confer on        授予
Conferred by       
Ecological stabilization        生态稳定
Economic interest        经济利益
Emotional life       
Explain away        把...解释过去
Farewell performance       
If only        只要
In any event        无论如何
In favor or        赞成；支持
I am in favor of stopping work now.
我赞成现在停止工作。
（开支票）付与
draw a check in favor of Warner
开一张向沃纳付款的支票
In passing        顺便
In spite of        不管
In the first place        首先
Intent on        抱定决心要实行
Internal to       
In the guise of        假借
以...为幌子
In view of        考虑到, 由于
Must be careful about       
Naturalistic modes of expression       
Nonaesthetic emotion       
Not lease by a sense of form       
One of the questions of interest       
Only if       
Order of magnitude       
Other than        不同于, 除了
Perceive ..as..       
Point to       
Properties of reality       
Psychotic fantasy        psychotic
[sai5kCtik]
adj.
精神病的
n.
精神病患者
Raise issues       
Regardless of        不管, 不顾
Scholarly journals       
Selectively neutral       
Serve to do       
Shore up        支持
Sit in judgment on       
So called       
Substitute for        代替...
替换..., 取代...
Take into account       
Take responsibility for       
Technically unconventional       
The notions of black identity       
Unattributable to        unattributable
adj.
无可归属的
Verge on        (=on the verge of)接近于
v.
接近, 近乎
Vivid imagination       
Work on        继续工作, 设法说服, 影响

wstcwstcUID: 201563

wstcwstcUID: 201563

thank to the chasedream!!

wstcwstcUID: 201563

in fact,that you know a word's chinese definition doesn't mean that you surely hold them in control,especially in reading comprehesion

wolfwingsUID: 205610

thanks,and your work should be praised and observed by more people.