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巴朗词表速记
（1）神话典故引申词
adamant
ADJ. hard; inflexible.
源自Adam（亚当）
amazon
N. female warrior.
源自"亚马逊"：神话中一支高大强壮的女战士族
armada
N. fleet of warships.
源自无敌舰队（1588年西班牙进攻英国时的舰队）
aureole
N. sun’s corona; halo.
源自Aurora（曙光女神）
auroral
ADJ. pertaining to the aurora borealis.
源自Aurora（曙光女神）
bacchanalian
ADJ. drunken.
源自bacchus（酒神）
centaur
N. mythical figure, half man and half horse.
源自【希神】半人半马的怪物
联想记忆：“身-头”
chimerical
ADJ. fantastically improbable; highly unrealistic; imaginative.
源自【希神】chimera（吐火女怪：狮头、羊身、蛇尾）
cupidity
N. greed.
源自cupid（爱神丘比特）
elysian
ADJ. relating to paradise; blissful.
源自【希神】Elysium（天堂）
iridescent
ADJ. exhibiting rainbowlike colors.
源自Iris（彩虹女神）
jovial
ADJ. good-natured; merry.
源自Jove, Jupiter（木星，传说在其影响力下出生者天性快乐）
juggernaut
N. irresistible crushing force.
源自典故：克利须那在印度东部普利进行的一年一度的游行中，克利须那的神像被载于
巨车或大型马车上，善男信女甘愿投身死于其轮下。
labyrinth
N. maze.
来源：Labyrinth原为建在克里特的迷宫
lethal
ADJ. deadly.
源自Lethe（阴间的一条河，人饮其水就会忘掉过去一切）
lethargic
ADJ. drowsy; dull.
源自Lethe（阴间的一条河，人饮其水就会忘掉过去一切）
lilliputian
ADJ. extremely small.
源自lilliput, 小说Gulliver’s Travels中的小人国
martial
ADJ. warlike.
源自Mars（火星, 战神）
mercurial
ADJ. capricious; changing; fickle.
源自Mercury（水星, 水银）
muse
v. ponder.
源自希神：缪斯为宙斯和记忆女神的九个女儿，每一个掌管不同的文艺或者科学
词义演变：文艺女神—灵感—沉思
谐音记忆：“默思”
nemesis
N. someone seeking revenge.
源自【希神】，Nemesis=复仇女神
odyssey
N. long, eventful journey.
源自荷马史诗，奥德赛在特洛伊战争后，在外流浪十年，历经艰险才返乡.
plutocracy
N. society ruled by the wealthy.
源自Plutus（财神、冥王星）
protean
ADJ. versatile; able to take on many forms.
源自Proteus（海神，能随意变换形状以困惑他的俘虏）
saturnine
ADJ. gloomy. 反: genial
源自Saturn（土星, 农神, 铅）
satyr
N. half-human, half-bestial being in the court of Dionysus, portrayed as
wanton and cunning.
源自希神：Satyr是一个被描绘成具有人形却有山羊尖耳、腿和短角的森林之神，性喜无
节制地寻欢作乐
spartan
ADJ. lacking luxury and comfort; sternly disciplined.
源自Sparta（斯巴达）
sphinx-like
ADJ. enigmatic; mysterious.
源自希神：斯芬克斯（古代希腊神话中带翼的狮身女面怪物）专杀那些猜不出其谜语的
人
stygian
ADJ. gloomy; hellish; deathly.
源自Styx（地狱里的一条河）
sylvan
ADJ. pertaining to the woods; rustic.
源自拉丁语Silvaus（森林之神）
tantalize
v. tease; torture with disappointment.
源自Tantalus（因泄漏天机被罚站阴府，又饿又渴，食物和水近在眼前，却拿不到）
thespian
ADJ. pertaining to drama.
源自Thespis（古希腊雅典诗人, 悲剧创始者）
titanic
ADJ. gigantic.
源自Titans（被宙斯击败的一些不守法巨人）
zephyr
N. gentle breeze; west wind.
源自希神：西风之神
（2）动物引申词
aquiline
ADJ. curved, hooked.
He can be recognized by his aquiline nose, curved like the beak of the
eagle.
源自eagle, aquil为eagle的拉丁体
asinine
ADJ. stupid.
Your asinine remarks prove that you have not given this problem any serious
consideration.
源自ass, asinine是ass的形容词
bovine
ADJ. cowlike; placid and dull.
Nothing excites Esther; even when she won the state lottery, she still
preserved her air of bovine calm.
源自bull, bovine是bull, cow的形容词
canine
ADJ. related to dogs; doglike.
Some days the canine population of Berkeley seems almost to outnumber the
human population.
源自canid（拉丁语，犬科类动物）
coltish
Lively and playful; frisky.
源自colt（小马）
cow
v. terrorize; intimidate.
The little boy was so cowed by the hulking bully that he gave up his lunch
money without a word of protest.
由名词cow（牛）转化而成
cower
v. shrink quivering, as from fear.
The frightened child cowered in the corner of the room.
源自cow（牛）
crabbed
ADJ. sour; peevish.
The children avoided the crabbed old man because he scolded them when they
made noise.
源自crab（螃蟹），由螃蟹的特性引申而成。构词：N+ed=adj.
dogged
ADJ. determined; stubborn.
Les Miserables tells of inspector Javert’s long, dogged pursuit of the
criminal Jean Valjean.
源自dog（狗），由狗的特性引申而成。构词：N+ed=adj.
equestrian
N. rider on horseback.
These paths in the park are reserved for equestrians and their steeds. also
ADJ.
源自equester (拉丁语的horse, horseman)
equine
ADJ. resembling a horse.
Her long, bony face had an equine look to it.
源自equester (拉丁语的horse, horseman)
ferret
v. drive or hunt out of hiding.
She ferreted out their secret.
由名词ferret（雪貂）转化而成
gull
v. trick; hoodwink.
Confident no one could gull him, Paul prided himself on his skeptical
disposition.
由名词gull（海鸥）转化而成
gullible
ADJ. easily deceived.
Gullible people have only themselves to blame if they fall for con artists
repeatedly. As the saying goes, “Fool me once, shame on you. Fool me
twice, shame on me.”
源自gull（海鸥）
halcyon
ADJ. calm; peaceful.
In those halcyon days, people were not worried about sneak attacks and
bombings.
由名词halcyon（翠鸟）转化而成
从形态上联想：heaven
leonine
ADJ. like a lion.
He was leonine in his rage.
源自lion, leon是lion的异体
lionize
v. treat as a celebrity.
She enjoyed being lionized and adored by the public.
源自lion（狮子）
pestilential
ADJ. causing plague; baneful.
People were afraid to explore the pestilential swamp.
pestilence, N.
源自pest（害虫）
phoenix
N. symbol of immortality or rebirth.
Like the legendary phoenix rising from its ashes, the city of San Francisco
rose again after its destruction during the 1906 earthquake.
由phoenix（凤凰）引申
ravenous
ADJ. extremely hungry.
The ravenous dog upset several garbage pails in its search for food.
源自raven（大乌鸦）
serpentine
ADJ. winding; twisting.
The car swerved at every curve in the serpentine road.
源自serpent（大蛇）
scavenge
v. hunt through discarded materials for usable items; search, especially
for food.
If you need car parts that the dealers no longer stock, try scavenging for
odd bits and pieces at the auto wreckers’ yards.
scavenger, N.
由scavenger（食腐动物）逆向缩成
shrew
N. scolding woman.
No one wanted to marry Shakespeare’s Kate because she was a shrew.
由shrew（地鼠）引申
sloth
N. slow-moving tree-dwelling mammal.
Note how well the somewhat greenish coat of the sloth enables it to blend
in with its arboreal surroundings, (secondary meaning)
slothful
ADJ. lazy.
The British word “layabout” is a splendid descriptive term for someone
slothful: What did the lazy bum do? He lay about the house all day.
sloth, N.
源自sloth（树懒）
sluggard
N. lazy person.
“You are a sluggard, a drone, a parasite,” the angry father shouted at
his lazy son.
源自slug（鼻涕虫），ard=adj.
sluggish
ADJ. slow; lazy; lethargic.
After two nights without sleep, she felt sluggish and incapable of
exertion.
源自slug（鼻涕虫）
toady
N. servile flatterer; yes man.
Never tell the boss anything he doesn’t wish to hear: he doesn’t want an
independent adviser, he just wants a toady, also v.
源自toad（ ?蝮。?
ursine
ADJ. bearlike; pertaining to a bear.
Because of its ursine appearance, the great panda has been identified with
the bears; actually, it is closely related to the raccoon.
ursus是bear的拉丁体
urchin
N. mischievous child (usually a boy).
Get out! This store is no place for grubby urchins!
由urchin（海胆）引申
vixen
N. female fox; ill-tempered woman.
Aware that she was right once again, he lost his temper and called her a
shrew and a vixen.
由vix（雌狐）引申，英语单词中v与f常可互换，演变过程：vix=fix=fox
vulpine
ADJ. like a fox; crafty.
She disliked his sly ways, but granted him a certain vulpine intelligence.
由vulp（狐狸）引申
（3）某些名词的异体形容词
arboreal
tree的形容词
aquatic
water的形容词
avuncular
uncle的形容词
ADJ. like an uncle.
Avuncular pride did not prevent him from noticing his nephew’s
shortcomings.
ligneous
wood的形容词
ADJ. like wood.
Petrified wood may be ligneous in appearance, but it is stonelike in
composition.
lunar
moon的形容词
ADJ. pertaining to the moon.
Lunar craters can be plainly seen with the aid of a small telescope.
osseous
bone的形容词
ADJ. made of bone; bony.
The hollow “soft spot” found at the top of the infant’s skull gradually
closes as new osseous tissue fills in the gap.
ossify
bone的动词
v. change or harden into bone.
When he called his opponent a “bonehead,” he implied that his adversary’s
brain had ossified and that he was not capable of clear thinking.
pulmonary
lung的形容词
ADJ. pertaining to the lungs.
In his researches on pulmonary diseases, he discovered many facts about the
lungs of animals and human beings.
sartorial
tailor的形容词
ADJ. pertaining to tailors.
He was as famous for the sartorial splendor of his attire as he was for his
acting.
seismic
earthquake的形容词
ADJ. pertaining to earthquakes.
The Richter scale is a measurement of seismic disturbances.
sidereal
star的形容词
ADJ. relating to the stars.
Although hampered by optical and mechanical flaws, the orbiting Hubble
space telescope has relayed extraordinary images of distant sidereal
bodies.
spatial
space的形容词
ADJ. relating to space.
Certain exercises test your sense of spatial relations by asking you to
identify two views of an object seen from different points in space.
stellar
star的形容词
ADJ. pertaining to the stars.
He was the stellar attraction of the entire performance.
terrestrial
earth的形容词
ADJ. on or relating to the earth.
We have been able to explore the terrestrial regions much more thoroughly
than the aquatic or celestial regions.
thermal
heat的形容词
ADJ. pertaining to heat.
The natives discovered that the hot springs gave excellent thermal baths
and began to develop their community as a health resort. also N.
vitreous
glass的形容词
ADJ. pertaining to or resembling glass.
Although this plastic has many vitreous qualities such as transparency, it
is unbreakable.
（4）人体引申词
facade
N. front (of building); superficial or false appearance.
The ornate facade of the church was often photographed by tourists, who
never bothered to walk around the building to view its other sides.
Cher’s outward show of confidence was just a facade she assumed to hide
her insecurity.
由face引申
facet
N. small plane surface (of a gem); a side.
The stonecutter decided to improve the rough diamond by providing it with
several facets.
由face引申。face（面）+et（小）
facetious
ADJ. joking (often inappropriately); humorous.
I’m serious about this project; I don’t need any facetious cracks about
do-good little rich girls.
由face引申
gall
N. bitterness; nerve.
The knowledge of his failure filled him with gall.
从gall（胆汁）转化而成。
gall
v. annoy; chafe.
Their taunts galled him.
gallant, a.
从gall（胆汁）转化而成。
bilious
胆汁质
ADJ. suffering from indigestion; irritable.
His bilious temperament was apparent to all who heard him rant about his
difficulties.
由bile（胆汁）引申
人体内四种液体：
sanguin=blood=生气
phlegm=粘液=惰气
choler=胆汁=火气
melanchus=黑胆汁=丧气
choleric
ADJ. hot-tempered.
His flushed, angry face indicated a choleric nature.
由chole（胆，胆汁）引申
melancholy
ADJ. gloomy; morose; blue.
To Eugene, stuck in his small town, a train whistle was a melancholy sound,
for it made him think of all the places he would never get to see.
由melanchus（黑胆汁）引申
phlegmatic
ADJ. calm; not easily disturbed.
The nurse was a cheerful but phlegmatic person, unexcited in the face of
sudden emergencies.
由phlegma（粘液）引申。古洋人相信粘液太多的人无生气。
sanguine
ADJ. cheerful; hopeful.
Let us not be too sanguine about the outcome; something could go wrong.
由sanguin (blood) 引申。
sanguinary
ADJ. bloody.
The battle of Iwo Jima was unexpectedly sanguinary with many casualties.
由sanguin (blood) 引申。
consanguinity
N. kinship.
The lawsuit developed into a test of the consanguinity of the claimant to
the estate.
由sanguin (blood) 引申。
sinewy
ADJ. tough; strong and firm.
The steak was too sinewy to chew.
由sinew (腱) 引申。
visceral
ADJ. felt in one’s inner organs.
She disliked the visceral sensations she had whenever she rode the roller
coaster.
由viscer（内脏）引申。
viscid
ADJ. adhesive; gluey.
The trunk of the maple tree was viscid with sap.
由viscer（内脏）引申。
viscous
ADJ. sticky, gluey.
Melted tar is a viscous substance.
viscosity, N.
eviscerate=吐出内脏.
由viscer（内脏）引申。
gorge
Three Gorges
N. narrow canyon; steep, rocky cleft.
Terrified of heights, George could not bring himself to peer down into the
gorge to see the rapids below.
从gorge（咽喉）转化而成。
gorge
v. stuff oneself.
The gluttonous guest gorged himself with food as though he had not eaten
for days.
disgorge
从gorge（咽喉）转化而成。
gory
ADJ. bloody.
The audience shuddered as they listened to the details of the gory
massacre. gore, N.
由gore（淤血）引申。
jaundiced
ADJ. prejudiced (envious, hostile, or resentful); yellowed.
Because Sue disliked Carolyn, she looked at Carolyn’s paintings with a
jaundiced eye, calling them formless smears. Newborn infants afflicted with
jaundice look slightly yellow: they have jaundiced skin.
由jaundice（黄疸）引申。
palate
N. roof of the mouth; sense of taste.
When you sound out the letter “d,” your tongue curves up to touch the
edge of your palate. When Alice was sick, her mother made special meals to
tempt her palate.
从palate（上颚）转化而成。
palatable
ADJ. agreeable; pleasing to the taste.
Neither Jack’s underbaked opinions nor his overcooked casseroles were
palatable to me.
从palate（上颚）转化而成。
（5）人名地名引申词
bohemian
ADJ. unconventional (in an artistic way).
Gertrude Stein ran off to Paris to live an eccentric, bohemian life with
her writer friends. Oakland was not bohemian; it was too bourgeois, too
middle-class.
源于波希米亚地区不同于世俗生活方式的吉卜赛居民
boycott
源于Boycott上尉：爱尔兰1880年土地联盟骚动期间被其邻里摈弃的土地
v. refrain from buying or using; to refuse to deal with by a group.
The decided to boycott the parking garage.
The boycott achieved lower prices.
To put pressure on grape growers to stop using pesticides that harmed the
farm workers’ health, Cesar Chavez called for consumers to boycott grapes,
also N.
byzantine
源自Byzantine（拜占廷帝国）
Of, relating to, or characterized by intrigue; scheming or devious拜占廷的,
爱玩弄阴谋的, 诡计多端的
chauvinist
N. blindly devoted patriot; zealous adherent of a group or cause.
A chauvinist cannot recognize any faults in his country, no matter how
flagrant they may be. Likewise, a male chauvinist cannot recognize how
biased he is in favor of his own sex, no matter how flagrant that bias may
be.
chauvinistic, ADJ.
源自尼古拉斯 沙文，传说中以对拿破仑忠诚而闻名的法国士兵
harry
同人名Harry（哈里）
v. harass, annoy, torment; raid.
The guerrilla band harried the enemy nightly.
laconic
源于Lakonikos（斯巴达人，据称以简洁出名）
ADJ. brief and to the point, especially to the point of being rude. 反:
verbose.
Many of the characters portrayed by Clint Eastwood are laconic types:
strong men of few words.
Machiavellian
源于权谋政治家马基雅弗利
ADJ. crafty; double-dealing.
I do not think he will be a good ambassador because he is not accustomed to
the Machiavellian maneuverings of foreign diplomats.
Maverick
可能源自萨缪尔·奥古斯特·麦尔未克(1803-1870年) ，美国Texas州牧场主, 惟独他家
牧畜不打烙印。
N. rebel; nonconformist.
To the masculine literary establishment, George Sand with her insistence on
wearing trousers and smoking cigars was clearly a maverick who fought her
proper womanly role.
petrify
petr=peter=stone，同人名彼得
v. turn to stone.
His sudden and unexpected appearance seemed to petrify her.
petroleum=石油
pharisaical
源自Pharisee（法利赛人）：古代犹太教一派的成员，强调严格解释和遵守摩西法律，
无论以口头还是书面的形式
ADJ. pertaining to the Pharisees, who paid scrupulous attention to
tradition; self-righteous; hypocritical.
Walter Lippmann has pointed out that moralists who do not attempt to
explain the moral code they advocate are often regarded as Pharisaical and
ignored.
philistine
源自Philistia（中东古国腓力斯）：该国人被认为俗气、无教养
N. narrow-minded person, uncultured and exclusively interested in material
gain.
We need more men and women of culture and enlightenment; we have too many
philistines among us.
platonic
ADJ. purely spiritual; theoretical; without sensual desire.
Accused of impropriety in his dealings with female students, the professor
maintained he had only a platonic interest in the women involved.
源自柏拉图
quisling
源自Vidkun Quisling (1887-1945): head of Norway’s government during the
Nazi occupation (1940-1945)
N. traitor who aids invaders.
In his conquest of Europe, Hitler was aided by the quislings who betrayed
their own people and served in the puppet governments established by the
Nazis.
Sophist
源自公元前5世纪的一群专攻辩证法、辩论术以及修辞法的希腊哲学家
Sophist: A Greek philosopher of pre-Socratic times who inquired about and
speculated on theology, metaphysics, mathematics, and the natural and
biological sciences.
soph=wisdom
sophist
源自公元前5世纪的一群专攻辩证法、辩论术以及修辞法的希腊哲学家
N. teacher of philosophy; quibbler; employer of fallacious reasoning.
You are using all the devices of a sophist in trying to prove your case;
your argument is specious.
sophisticated
指属于 公元前5世纪的一群专攻辩证法、辩论术以及修辞法的希腊哲学家，他们常以其
精彩巧妙和似是而非的辩论而闻名
ADJ. woridly wise and urbane; complex.
When Sophy makes wisecracks, she thinks she sounds sophisticated, but
instead she sounds sophomoric. The new IBM laptop with the butterfly
keyboard and the built-in FAX modem is a pretty sophisticated machine.
sophistication, N.
sophistry
指属于 公元前5世纪的一群专攻辩证法、辩论术以及修辞法的希腊哲学家，他们常以其
精彩巧妙和似是而非的辩论而闻名
N. seemingly plausible but fallacious reasoning.
Instead of advancing valid arguments, he tried to overwhelm his audience
with a flood of sophistries.
sophomoric
指属于 公元前5世纪的一群专攻辩证法、辩论术以及修辞法的希腊哲学家，他们常以其
精彩巧妙和似是而非的辩论而闻名
构词：soph(o)（wisdom）+ more（dull）+ ic（的）
ADJ. immature; half-baked, like a sophomore.
Even if you’re only a freshman, it’s no compliment to be told your humor
is sophomoric. The humor in Dumb and Dumber is sophomoric at best.
quixotic
源自Quixote（唐.吉珂德）
ADJ. idealistic but impractical.
Constantly coming up with quixotic, unworkable schemes to save the world,
Simon has his heart in the right place, but his head is somewhere off in
the clouds.
stoic
源自stoicism（斯多葛学派）
ADJ. impassive; unmoved by joy or grief.
I wasn’t particularly stoic when I had my flu shot; I squealed like a
stuck pig. also N. stoicism, N.
（6）文艺词汇
英语中的文艺词汇一般从意大利语引进，多以o、a结尾
diva
N. operatic singer; prima donna.
Although world famous as a diva, she did not indulge in fits of
temperament.
aria
N. operatic solo.
At her Metropolitan Opera audition, Marian Anderson sang an aria from
Norma.
coda
N. concluding section of a musical or literary composition.
The piece concluded with a distinctive coda that strikingly brought
together various motifs.
saga
N. Scandinavian myth; any legend.
This is a saga of the sea and the men who risk their lives on it.
stanza
N. division of a poem.
Do you know the last stanza of “The Star-Spangled Banner”?
cantata
N. story set to music, to be sung by a chorus.
The choral society sang the new cantata composed by its leader.
cameo
N. shell or jewel carved in relief; star’s special appearance in a minor
role in a film.
Don’t bother buying cameos from the street peddlers in Rome: the carvings
they sell are clumsy jobs.
Did you enjoy Bill Murray’s cameo in Little Shop of Horrors? He was
onscreen for only a minute, but he cracked me up.
fresco
N. painting on plaster (usually fresh).
The cathedral is visited by many tourists who wish to admire the frescoes
by Giotto.
oratorio
N. dramatic poem set to music.
The Glee Club decided to present an oratorio during their recital.
regatta
N. boat or yacht race.
Many boating enthusiasts followed the regatta in their own yachts.
rococo
ADJ. ornate; highly decorated.
The rococo style in furniture and architecture, marked by scrollwork and
excessive decoration, flourished during the middle of the eighteenth
century.
baroque
ADJ. highly ornate.
Accustomed to the severe, angular lines of modern skyscrapers, they found
the flamboyance of baroque architecture amusing.
scenario
N. plot outline; screenplay; opera libretto.
Scaramouche startled the other actors in the commedia troupe when he
suddenly departed from their customary scenario and began to improvise.
virtuoso
N. highly skilled artist.
The child prodigy Yehudi Menuhin grew into a virtuoso whose virtuosity on
the violin thrilled millions.
virtuosity, N.
（7）拟声词
拟声是词汇的三大来源之一，对拟声词的记忆，从其声音特征入手，可使记忆变得容易
与有趣。
babble
v. chatter idly.
The little girl babbled about her doll. also N.
bemoan
呻吟声
v. lament; express disapproval of.
The widow bemoaned the death of her beloved husband.
Although critics bemoaned the serious flaws in the author’s novels, each
year his latest book topped the best-seller list.
bomb
爆炸声=炸弹
bombardment
N. attack (as with missiles).
The enemy bombardment demolished the town. Members of the opposition party
bombarded the prime minister with questions about the enemy attack.
bombastic
ADJ. pompous; using inflated language.
Puffed up with conceit, the orator spoke in such a bombastic manner that we
longed to deflate him.
bombast, N.
canter
N. slow gallop.
Because the racehorse had outdistanced its competition so easily, the
reporter wrote that the race was won in a canter, also v.
chortle
v. chuckle with delight.
When she heard that her rival had just been jailed for embezzlement, she
chortled with joy. She was not a nice lady.
clangor
N. loud, resounding noise.
The blacksmith was accustomed to the clangor of hammers on steel.
clapper
N. striker (tongue) of a bell.
Wishing to be undisturbed by the bell, Dale wound his scarf around the
clapper to muffle its striking.
din
N. continued loud noise.
The din of the jackhammers outside the classroom window drowned out the
lecturer’s voice, also v.
drivel
N. nonsense; foolishness.
Why do I have to spend my days listening to such idiotic drivel?
Drivel is related to dribble: think of a dribbling, driveling idiot.
drone
N. idle person; male bee.
Content to let his wife support him, the would-be writer was in reality
nothing but a drone.
drone
v. talk dully; buzz or murmur like a bee.
On a gorgeous day, who wants to be stuck in a classroom listening to the
teacher drone?
flippant
flip轻而快的拍打声=响指, 轻打, 突然的抽动
ADJ. lacking proper seriousness; frivolously shallow and disrespectful. 反:
courteous, polite, earnest.
When Mark told Mona he loved her, she dismissed his earnest declaration
with a flippant “Oh, you say that to all the girls!”
He was angered by her flippant reply.
flippancy, N.
gibberish
N. nonsense; babbling.
Did you hear that foolish boy spouting gibberish about monsters from outer
space?
hew
v. cut to pieces with ax or sword.
The cavalry rushed into the melee and hewed the enemy with their swords, N.
heyday
=嘿
N. time of greatest success; prime.
In their heyday. the San Francisco Forty-Miners won the Super Bowl two
years running.
hone
磨刀"霍霍"声
v. sharpen.
To make shaving easier, he honed his razor with great care.
hubbub
吵闹声
N. confused uproar.
The marketplace was a scene of hubbub and excitement; in all the noise, we
could not distinguish particular voices.
humdrum
ADJ. dull; monotonous.
After her years of adventure, she could not settle down to a humdrum
existence.
icon
N. religious image; idol.
The icons on the walls of the church were painted in the 13th century.
iconoclastic
=break=偶像破坏者. CL=磕碰声
ADJ. attacking cherished traditions.
Deeply iconoclastic, Jean Genet deliberately set out to shock conventional
theatergoers with his radical plays.
iconoclasm, N.
impinge
撞击声
v. infringe; touch; collide with.
How could they be married without impinging on one another’s freedom?
jabber
v. chatter rapidly or unintelligibly.
Why does the fellow insist on jabbering away in French when I can’t
understand a word he says?
low
v. moo.
From the hitltop, they could see the herd like ants in the distance; they
could barely hear the cattle low.
quack
“夸口”
N. charlatan; impostor.
Do not be misled by the exorbitant claims of this quack: he cannot cure
you.
scuffle
v. struggle confusedly; move off in a confused hurry.
The twins briefly scuffled, wrestling to see which of them would get the
toy. When their big brother yelled, “Let go of my Gameboy!” they scuffled
off down the hall.
spat
N. squabble; minor dispute.
What had started out as a mere spar escalated into a full-blown argument.
squabble
N. minor quarrel; bickering.
Children invariably get involved in petty squabbles; wise parents know when
to interfere and when to let the children work things out on their own.
titter
N. nervous laugh.
Her aunt’s constant titter nearly drove her mad. also v.
whinny
v. neigh like a horse.
When he laughed through his nose, it sounded as if he whinnied.
prate
v. speak foolishly; boast idly.
Let us not prate about our qualities; rather, let our virtues speak for
themselves.
prattle
=prate
v. babble.
Baby John prattled on and on about the cats and his ball and the Cookie
Monster, also N.
totter
v. move unsteadily; sway, as if about to fall.
On unsteady feet, the drunk tottered down the hill to the nearest bar.
warble
v. sing; babble.
Every morning the birds warbled outside her window, also N.
pummel
v. beat or pound with fists.
Swinging wildly, Pammy pummeled her brother around the head and shoulders.
（8）数字词
如果能从下列单词中看出one, two, three, four来，你记忆它们时就会豁然开朗，不妨
试试？
ONE
unique
ADJ. without an equal; single in kind.
You have the unique distinction of being the first student whom I have had
to fail in this course.
构词：uni=one.
monolithic
ADJ. solidly uniform; unyielding.
Knowing the importance of appearing resolute, the patriots sought to
present a monolithic front.
构词：mono (one) + lith (rock) + ic (adj.)
monotony
N. sameness leading to boredom.
What could be more deadly dull than the monotony of punching numbers into a
computer hour after hour?
monotonous, adj
构词：mono (one) + tone + y (n.)
monarchy
N. government under a single ruler.
Though England today is a monarchy, there is some question whether it will
be one in 20 years, given the present discontent at the prospect of Prince
Charles as king.
构词：mono (one) ) + arch (top) ) + y (n.)
monochromatic
ADJ. having only one color.
Most people who are color blind actually can distinguish several colors;
some, however, have a truly monochromatic view of a world all in shades of
gray.
构词：mono (one) +chromo (color) + at (补缀) + ic (adj.)
TWO
ambidextrous
adroit, adept
ADJ. capable of using either hand with equal ease.
A switch-hitter in baseball should be naturally ambidextrous.
构词：ambi (two) + dexter (right hand) + ous (adj.)
ambience
N. environment; atmosphere.
She went to the restaurant not for the food but for the ambience.
构词：ambi (two; around) + ence (state)
ambivalence
N. the state of having contradictory or conflicting emotional attitudes.
Torn between loving her parents one minute and hating them the next, she
was confused by the ambivalence of her feelings.
ambivalent, ADJ.
构词：ambi (two) + val (feeling) + ence (state)
amphibian
ADJ. able to live both on land and in water.
Frogs are classified as amphibian, also n.
构词：amphi (two) + bio (life) + an (thing)
amphitheater
N. oval building with tiers of seats.
The spectators in the amphitheater cheered the gladiators.
构词：amphi (two; round) + theater
bicameral
ADJ. two-chambered, as a legislative body.
The United States Congress is a bicameral body.
构词：bi (two) + camera (chamber) + al (adj.)
bifurcated
ADJ. divided into two branches; forked.
With a bifurcated branch and a piece of elastic rubber, he made a crude but
effective slingshot.
构词：bi (two) + furc (fork) + ate (make)
dichotomy
N. split; branching into two parts (especially contradictory ones).
Willie didn’t know how to resolve the dichotomy between his ambition to go
to college and his childhood longing to run away and join the circus. Then
he heard about Ringling Brothers Circus College, and he knew he’d found
his school.
构词：dich (two) + tome (cut) + y (n.)
dilemma
N. problem; choice of two unsatisfactory alternatives.
In this dilemma, he knew no one to whom he could turn for advice.
构词：di (two) + lemma (proposition)
THREE
tertiary
ADJ. third.
He is so thorough that he analyzes tertiary causes where other writers are
content with primary and secondary reasons.
构词：tert (third) + iary (adj.)
trilogy
N. group of three works.
Remain Holland’s novel Jean Christophe was first published as a trilogy.
构词：tri (three) + logy (book)
FOUR
quadruped
N. four-footed animal.
Most mammals are quadrupeds.
构词：quadr (four) + ped (foot)
FIVE
pentagon.
构词：pent (five) + gon (angle)
quintessence
N. purest and highest embodiment.
Noel Coward displayed the quintessence of wit.
构词：quint (five) + essence. 第五要素=精华
SIX
sextant
N. navigation tool used to determine a ship’s latitude and longitude.
Given a clear night, with the aid of his sextant and compass he could keep
the ship safely on course.
构词：sext (six) + ant (thing)
SEVEN
sept=seven
September（原为7月）。无例句
EIGHT
oct=eight
October（原为8月）。octopus (八脚鱼，章鱼). 无例句
NINE
nov=nine
November（原为9月）. 无例句
TEN
decimate
v. kill, usually one out of ten.
We do more to decimate our population in automobile accidents than we do in
war.
构词：dec (ten) + im（补缀）+ ate (make)
（9）对比记忆词汇
下列词汇具有成双成对（或成组）的特性，放在一起记忆，效果极佳。注意这些词对在
形态或语义上相近或相反。
adept—inept
adept
ADJ. expert at.
She was adept at the fine art of irritating people, also N.
inept
ADJ. lacking skill; unsuited; incompetent.
The inept glovemaker was all thumbs.
ineptness, N.
构词：ept=clever
ameliorate—deteriorate
ameliorate
v. improve.
Many social workers have attempted to ameliorate the conditions of people
living in the slums.
deteriorate
v. grow worse
此词不在原词表中
apogee—perigee
apogee
N. highest point.
When the moon in its orbit is furthest away from the earth, it is at its
apogee.
perigee
N. point of moon’s orbit when it is nearest the earth.
The rocket which was designed to take photographs of the moon was launched
as the moon approached its perigee.
arduous—assiduous
arduous
ADJ. hard; strenuous.
Her arduous efforts had sapped her energy.
assiduous
ADJ. diligent.
It took Rembrandt weeks of assiduous labor before he was satisfied with his
portrait of his son.
构词：as (to) + sid (sit) + ous (adj.).
比较：sediment, sedentary life
（请注意两词的区别：Studying Barron’s word list is an arduous job, which
requires you to be assiduous.）
bourgeois—proletarian
bourgeois
ADJ. middle class; selfishly materialistic; dully conventional.
Technically, anyone who belongs to the middle class is bourgeois, but,
given the word’s connotations, most people resent it if you call them
that.
构词：bourg (town) + eois (people)
proletarian
N. member of the working class; blue collar guy.
“Workers of the world, unite! You have nothing to lose but your chains”
is addressed to proletarians, not preppies, also ADJ.
proletariat, N.
cede—annex
cede
v. yield (title, territory) to; surrender formally.
Eventually the descendants of England’s Henry II were forced to cede their
French territories to the King of France.
cession, N.
annex
v. attach; take possession of.
Mexico objected to the United States’ attempts to annex the territory that
later became the state of Texas.
构词：an (to) + nex (connect)
concave—convex
concave
ADJ. hollow.
The back-packers found partial shelter from the storm by huddling against
the concave wall of the cliff.
convex
ADJ. curving outward.
She polished the convex lens, of her telescope.
covert—overt
covert
ADJ. secret; hidden; implied.
Investigations of the Central Intelligence Agency and other secret service
networks reveal that such covert operations can get out of control.
overt
ADJ. open to view.
According to the United States Constitution, a person must commit an overt
act before he may be tried for treason.
crass—crude
crass
ADJ. very unrefined; grossly insensible.
The film critic deplored the crass commercialism of movie-makers who
abandon artistic standards in order to make a quick buck.
crude
adj. unrefined; raw.
crude oil.
此词不在原词表中
deleterious—instrumental
deleterious
ADJ. harmful.
If you believe that smoking is deleterious to your health (and the Surgeon
General surely does), then quit!
instrumental
adj. implemental; helpful
The fire was instrumental in baking the mud into porcelain.
此词不在原词表中
deranged—arranged
deranged
ADJ. insane.
He had to be institutionalized because he was deranged.
arranged
adj. being in order, prepared.
此词不在原词表中
detached—attached
detached
ADJ. emotionally removed; calm and objective; physically separate.
A psychoanalyst must maintain a detached point of view and stay uninvolved
with her patients’ personal lives.
To a child growing up in an apartment or a row house, to live in a detached
house was an unattainable dream.
detachment, N.
attached
adj. connected as an adjunct or associated condition or part
此词不在原词表中
detrimental—instrumental
detrimental
ADJ. harmful; damaging.
The candidate’s acceptance of major financial contributions from a
well-known racist ultimately proved detrimental to his campaign, for he
lost the backing of many of his early grassroots supporters.
detriment, N.
instrumental
adj. implemental; helpful
The fire was instrumental in baking the mud into porcelain.
此词不在原词表中
diffidence—confidence
N. shyness.
You must overcome your diffidence if you intend to become a salesperson.
dissuade—persuade
dissuade
v, persuade not to do; discourage.
Since Tom could not dissuade Huck from running away from home, he decided
to run away with his friend.
dissuasion, N.
persuade
v. induce by means of argument.
此词不在原词表中
diurnal—nocturnal
diurnal
ADJ. daily.
A farmer cannot neglect his diurnal tasks at any time; cows, for example,
must be milked regularly.
构词：di (day) + urn (补缀) + al (adj.)
nocturnal
ADJ. done at night.
Mr. Jones obtained a watchdog to prevent the nocturnal raids on his chicken
coops.
构词：noct (night) + urn (补缀) + al (adj.)
don—doff
don
v. put on.
When dark Kent had to don his Superman outfit, he changed clothes in a
convenient phone booth.
注意构词：d + on
doff
v. take off.
A gentleman used to doff his hat to a lady.
注意构词：d + off
energize—enervate
energize
v. invigorate; make forceful and active.
Rather than exhausting Maggie, dancing energized her.
enervate
v. weaken.
She was slow to recover from her illness; even a short walk to the window
enervated her. enervation, N.
ewe—ram
ewe
N. female sheep.
The flock of sheep was made up of dozens of ewes, together with only a
handful of rams.
ram
n. male sheep
此词不在原词表中
extant—extinct
extant
ADJ. still in existence.
Although the book is out of print, some copies are still extant.
Unfortunately, all of them are in libraries or private collections; none is
for sale.
extinct
adj. not in existence.
此词不在原词表中
extraneous--essential
extraneous
ADJ. not essential; superfluous.
No wonder Ted can’t think straight! His mind is so cluttered up with
extraneous details, he can’t concentrate on the essentials.
essential
adj. basic, necessary, indispensable
此词不在原词表中
extrinsic—intrinsic
extrinsic
ADJ. external; not essential; extraneous.
A critically acclaimed extrinsic feature of the Chrysler Building is its
ornate spire.
The judge would not admit the testimony, ruling that it was extrinsic to
the matter at hand.
intrinsic
ADJ. essential; inherent; built-in.
Although my grandmother’s china has little intrinsic value, I shall always
cherish it for the memories it evokes.
fauna—flora
fauna
N. animals of a period or region.
The scientist could visualize the fauna of the period by examining the
skeletal remains and the fossils.
flora
N. plants of a region or era.
Because she was a botanist, she spent most of her time studying the flora
of the desert.
felon—misdemeanor—peccadillo
felon
N. person convicted of a grave crime (felony).
A convicted felon loses the right to vote.
misdemeanor
N. minor crime.
The culprit pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor rather than face trial for a
felony.
peccadillo
N. slight offense. Whenever Muck swiped a cookie from the jar, Miss Watson
reacted as if he were guilty of armed robbery, not of some mere peccadillo.
构词；pecc (peck) + dillo (small)
fetter—manacle 脚链—手铐
fetter
v. shackle.
The prisoner was fettered to the wall.
unfettered
ADJ. liberated; freed from chains.
Chained to the wall for months on end, the hostage despaired that he would
ever be unfettered.
unfetter, v.
manacle
v. restrain; handcuff.
The police immediately manacled the prisoner so he could not escape, also
N.
构词：man (hand) + cle (n.)
filial—parental
filial
ADJ. pertaining to a son or daughter.
Many children forget their filial obligations and disregard the wishes of
their parents.
parental
adj. pertaining to a father or mother.
此词不在原词表中
fodder—food
fodder
N. coarse food for cattle, horses, etc.
One of Nancy’s chores at the ranch was to put fresh supplies of fodder in
the horses’ stalls.
food
n. 食物
此词不在原词表中
gnome—giant
gnome
N. dwarf; underground spirit.
In medieval mythology, gnomes were the special guardians and inhabitants of
subterranean mines,
giant
n. a person or thing of great size.
此词不在原词表中
heterogeneous—homogeneous
heterogeneous
ADJ. dissimilar; mixed.
This year’s entering class is a remarkably heterogeneous body: it includes
students from 40 different states and 26 foreign countries, some the
children of billionaires, others the offspring of welfare families.
heterogeneity, N.
构词：hetero (different) + gene (race) + ous (adj.)
homogeneous
ADJ. of the same kind.
Because the student body at Elite Prep was so homogeneous. Sara and James
decided to send their daughter to a school that offered greater cultural
diversity.
homogeneity, N.
构词：homo (same) + gene (race) + ous (adj.)
implode—explode
implode
v. burst inward.
If you break a vacuum tube, the glass tube implodes.
implosion, n.
explode
v. burst outward
此词不在原词表中
incriminate—recrimination
incriminate
v. accuse; serve as evidence against.
The witness’s testimony against the racketeers incriminates some high
public officials as well.
构词：in + crime + ate (v.)
recrimination
N. countercharges.
Loud and angry recriminations were her answer to his accusations.
构词：re (back) + crime + in（补缀）+ tion (n.)
longitude—latitude
longitude
n. 经度
此词不在原词表中
latitude
N. freedom from narrow limitations. 纬度；幅度
I think you have permitted your son too much latitude in this matter.
构词：lat (wide) + tude (n.)
nadir—acme
nadir
N. lowest point.
Although few people realized it, the Dow Jones averages had reached their
nadir and would soon begin an upward surge.
acme
N. peak; pinnacle; highest point.
Welles’s success in Citizen Kane marked the acme of his career as an
actor: never again did he achieve such popular acclaim.
构词：ac = top
opprobrium—probity
opprobrium
N. infamy; vilification.
He refused to defend himself against the slander and opprobrium hurled
against him by the newspapers; he preferred to rely on his record.
probity
N. uprightness; incorruptibility.
Everyone took his probity for granted; his defalcations, therefore, shocked
us all.
predator--prey
predator
N. creature that seizes and devours another animal; person who robs or
exploits others.
Not just cats, but a wide variety of predators—owls, hawks, weasels, foxes—
catch mice for dinner.
A carnivore is by definition predatory, for he preys on weaker creatures.
predation, N.
prey
n. An animal hunted or caught for food
此词不在原词表中
progenitor—progeny
progenitor
N. ancestor.
The Roth family, whose progenitors emigrated from Germany early in the
nineteenth century, settled in Peru, Illinois.
progeny
N. children; offspring.
He was proud of his progeny but regarded George as the most promising of
all his children.
protégé—protector
protégé
N. person receiving protection and support from a patron.
Born with an independent spirit, Cyrano de Bergerac refused to be a protege
of Cardinal Richelieu.
protector
n. person giving protection and support.
此词不在原词表中
ravel—unravel
ravel
v. fall apart into tangles; unravel or untwist; entangle.
A single thread pulled loose, and the entire scarf started to ravel.
unravel
v. disentangle; solve.
With equal ease Miss Marpfe unraveled tangled balls of yarn and baffling
murder mysteries.
reprove—approve
reprove
v. censure; rebuke.
Though Aunt Bea at times would reprove Opie for inattention in church, she
believed he was at heart a God-fearing lad.
reproof, n.
approve
v. consider right or good
此词不在原词表中
restitution—constitution
restitution
N. reparation; indemnification.
He offered to make restitution for the window, broken by his son.
constitution
n. establishing
此词不在原词表中
restive—rest
restive
ADJ. restlessly impatient; obstinately resisting control.
Waiting impatiently in line to see Santa Claus, even the best-behaved
children grow restive and start to fidget.
rest
n. 休息，静止
此词不在原词表中
sadistic—masochist
sadistic
ADJ. inclined to cruelty.
If we are to improve conditions in this prison, we must first get rid of
the sadistic warden, sadism, N.
masochist
N. person who enjoys his own pain.
The masochist begs, “Hit me.” The sadist smiles and says, “I won’t.”
shaving—filing
shaving
N. very thin piece, usually of wood.
As the carpenter pared away at the edge of the board with his plane, a
small pile of shavings began to accumulate on the floor.
filing
N. particle removed by a file.
As the prisoner filed away at the iron bar on the ceil window, a small heap
of filings accumulated on the window sill.
smirk—simper—smile
smirk
N. conceited smile.
Wipe that smirk off your face! also v.
simper
v. smirk; smile affectedly.
Complimented on her appearance, Stella self-consciously simpered.
sojourn—adjourn
sojourn
N. temporary stay.
After his sojourn in Florida, he began to long for the colder climate of
his native New England home.
构词：so (sub) + journ (day)
adjourn
v. suspend until a later stated time.
构词：ad (to) + journ (day).
stratified—ramified
ADJ. divided into classes; arranged into strata.
As the economic gap between the rich and the poor increased, Roman society
grew increasingly stratified.
stratify, v.
trek—travel
trek
N. travel; journey.
The tribe made their trek further north that summer in search of game. also
v
travel
n. 旅行
此词不在原词表中
wane—wax
wane
v. decrease in size or strength; draw gradually to an end.
To wane is the opposite of to wax or increase in size. When lit, does a wax
candle wane?
wax
v. increase; grow.
With proper handling, her fortunes waxed and she became rich.
scad—scanty--scintilla
scad
N. a great quantity.
Refusing Dave’s offer to lend him a shirt, Phil replied, “No, thanks; I’ve
got scads of clothes.”
scanty
ADJ. meager; insufficient.
Thinking his helping of food was scanty. Oliver Twist asked for more.
scintilla
N. shred; least bit.
You have not produced a scintilla of evidence to support your argument.
（10）谐音记忆词汇
发挥你的想象力，用谐音记忆下列词汇，可一次性获得永久记忆效果。这些谐音有些是
音译词，有些是胡乱联想的。
analgesic
ADJ. causing insensitivity to pain.
The analgesic qualities of this lotion will provide temporary relief.
“安乃静”
anodyne
N. drug that relieves pain; opiate. opium
His pain was so great that no anodyne could relieve it.
“安乃定”
boorish
ADJ. rude; insensitive.
Though Mr. Potts constantly interrupted his wife, she ignored his boorish
behavior, for she had lost hope of teaching him courtesy.
构词：boor (peasant) + ish (adj.)
boor波尔人，源于南非荷兰人后裔，引申义：农民; [蔑]乡下人; 粗俗的男子
联想粤语谐音“北佬”（乡巴佬，发音balou）
debacle
N. sudden downfall; complete disaster.
In the Airplane movies, every flight turns into a debacle, with passengers
and crew members collapsing, engines falling apart, and carry-on baggage
popping out of the overhead bins.
谐音“底扒口”，联想大堤底下扒口—全面崩溃。
demise
N. death.
Upon the demise of the dictator, a bitter dispute about succession to power
developed.
“地埋尸”
doddering
ADJ. shaky; infirm from old age.
Although he is not as yet a doddering and senile old man, his ideas and
opinions no longer can merit the respect we gave them years ago.
“倒倒的”
dross
N. waste matter; worthless impurities.
Many methods have been devised to separate the valuable metal from the
dross.
“渣滓”“杂质”
emollient
N. soothing or softening remedy.
He applied an emollient to the inflamed area. Also ADJ.
“一抹灵”
ephemeral
ADJ. short-lived; fleeting.
The mayfly is an ephemeral creature: its adult life lasts little more than
a day.
“一发没了”—昙花一现
ethereal
ADJ. light; heavenly; unusually refined.
In Shakespeare’s The Tempest, the spirit Ariel is an ethereal creature,
too airy and unearthly for our mortal world.
源自 “以太”ether
fawning
ADJ. courting favor by cringing and flattering.
She was constantly surrounded by a group of fawning admirers who hoped to
win some favor.
“逢迎”
garner
v. gather; store up.
She hoped to garner the world’s literature in one library.
“家拿”
hibernal
ADJ. wintry.
Bears prepare for their long hibernal sleep by overeating.
同下
hibernate
v. sleep throughout the winter.
Bears are one of the many species of animals that hibernate, hibernation,
N.
“害怕冷的”
jingoist
N. extremely aggressive and militant patriot; warlike chauvinist.
Always bellowing “America first!,” the Congressman was such a jingoist
you could almost hear the sabers rattling as he marched down the halls.
jingoism, N.
“军国主义”
knead
v. mix; work dough.
Her hands grew strong from kneading bread.
“捏”
lewd
ADJ. lustful.
They found his lewd stories objectionable.
“流”氓
mammoth
ADJ. gigantic; enormous.
To try to memorize every word on this vocabulary list would be a mammoth
undertaking; take on projects that are more manageable in size.
“猛犸”
maudlin
ADJ. effusively sentimental.
Whenever a particularly maudlin tearjerker was playing at the movies,
Marvin would embarrass himself by weeping copiously.
联想多愁善感的“林妹妹”（英文妹妹林）
mogul
N. powerful person.
The oil moguls made great profits when the price of gasoline rose.
“蒙古”，联想成吉思汗时期的蒙古人。
molt
v. shed or cast off hair or feathers.
When Molly’s canary molted, he shed feathers all over the house.
“毛脱”—脱毛
mosaic
N. picture made cf small, colorful inlaid tiles.
The mayor compared the city to a beautiful mosaic made up of people of
every race and religion on earth, also ADJ.
“马赛克”
nip
v. stop something’s growth or development; snip off; bite; make numb with
cold.
The twins were plotting mischief, but Mother intervened and nipped their
plan in the bud.
The gardener nipped off a lovely rose and gave it to me. Last week a guard
dog nipped the postman in the leg; this week the extreme chill nipped his
fingers till he could barely hold the mail.
“捏”，掐，扼杀
nirvana
N. in Buddhist teachings, the ideal state in which the individual loses
himself in the attainment of an impersonal beatitude.
Despite his desire to achieve nirvana. the young Buddhist found that even
the buzzing of a fly could distract him from his meditation.
“涅盘”，天堂
nonchalance
N. indifference; lack of concern; composure.
Cool, calm, and collected under fire, James Bond shows remarkable
nonchalance in the face of danger.
“冷血人”
opiate
N. medicine to induce sleep or deaden pain; something that relieves
emotions or causes inaction.
To say that religion is the opiate of the people is to condemn religion as
a drug that keeps the people quiet and submissive to those in power.
源自 opium “鸦片”
parry
v. ward off a blow; deflect.
Unwilling to injure his opponent in such a pointless clash, Dartagnan
simply tried to parry his rival’s thrusts. What fun it was to watch
Katherine Hepburn and Spencer Tracy parry each other’s verbal thrusts in
their classic screwball comedies! also N.
使“偏离”
parsimony
N. stinginess; excessive frugality.
Silas Marner’s parsimony did not allow him to indulge in any luxuries.
parsimonious, ADJ.
怕使money
penury
N. severe poverty; stinginess.
When his pension fund failed, George feared he would end his days in
penury. He became such a penny-pincher that he turned into a closefisted,
penurious miser.
“贫奴”
rally
v. call up or summon (forces, vital powers, etc.); revive or recuperate.
Washington quickly rallied his troops to fight off the British attack. The
patient had been sinking throughout the night, but at dawn she rallied and
made a complete recovery, also N.
“拉力”赛
ruse
N. trick; stratagem.
You will not be able to fool your friends with such an obvious ruse.
“如此”， 联想搞阴谋的人在“如此，这般”地密谋。
seethe
v. be disturbed; boil.
The nation was seething with discontent as the noblemen continued their
arrogant ways.
“咝咝”
shun
v. keep away from.
Cherishing his solitude, the recluse shunned the company of other human
beings.
“让”
shunt
v. turn aside; divert; sidetrack.
If the switchman failed to shunt the Silver Streak onto a side track, the
train would plow right into Union Station.
“让”
sunder
v. separate; part.
Northern and southern Ireland are politically and religiously sundered.
“散”
sundry
ADJ. various; several.
My suspicions were aroused when I read sundry items in the newspapers about
your behavior.
“散”
temerity
N. boldness; rashness.
Do you have the temerity to argue with me?
“特猛”
tentative
ADJ. hesitant; not fully worked out or developed; experimental; not
definite or positive.
Unsure of his welcome at the Christmas party, Scrooge took a tentative step
into his nephew’s drawing room.
“探探”
torso
N. trunk of statue with head and limbs missing; human trunk.
This torso, found in the ruins of Pompeii, is now on exhibition in the
museum in Naples.
“脱手”，联想人体脱手几脱首后的部分
turpitude
N. depravity.
A visitor may be denied admittance to this country if she has been guilty
of moral turpitude.
“特痞”
tycoon
N. wealthy leader.
John D. Rockefeller was a prominent tycoon.
“太君”，此词源于汉语，传入日语，再传入英语
typhoon
N. tropical hurricane or cyclone.
If you liked Twister, you’ll love Typhoon!
“台风”，源于汉语
tyro
N. beginner; novice.
For a mere tyro, you have produced some marvelous results.
“太老”，联想其反义词：新手
utopia
N. ideal place, state, or society.
Fed up with this imperfect universe, Don would have liked to run off to
Shangri-la or some other imaginary Utopia.
“乌托邦”
vehement
ADJ. forceful; intensely emotional; with marked vigor.
Alfred became so vehement in describing what was wrong with the Internal
Revenue Service that he began jumping up and down and gesticulating wildly.
“威猛的”
wake
“尾”，联想尾部的wave
N. trail of ship or other object through water; path of something that has
gone before.
The wake of the swan gliding through the water glistened in the moonlight.
Reporters and photographers converged on South Carolina in the wake of the
hurricane that devastated much of the eastern seaboard.
lumen
N. unit of light energy (one candle’s worth).
In buying light bulbs, she checked not only their power, as measured in
watts, but their brightness, as measured in lumens.
“流明”(光通量单位)
（11）荒诞联想
abash
v. embarrass.
He was not at all abashed by her open admiration.
分解为 ab + ash, 联想ash—使人灰头灰面
abridge
v. condense or shorten.
Because the publishers felt the public wanted a shorter version of War and
Peace, they proceeded to abridge the novel.
分解为 a + bridge, 联想“架桥—缩短”
charisma
N. divine gift; great popular charm or appeal.
Political commentators have deplored the importance of a candidate’s
charisma in these days of television campaigning.
曲解为 christ + ma, 联想耶苏的妈—圣母玛利亚—超凡魅力
imminent
ADJ. near at hand; impending.
Rosa was such a last-minute worker that she could never start writing a
paper till the deadline was imminent.
曲解为 in a minute
rebuttal
N. refutation; response with contrary evidence.
The defense lawyer confidently listened to the prosecutor sum up his case,
sure that she could answer his arguments in her rebuttal.
分解为：re (again and again) + but + al (n.), 理解为：“反复说but”—辩驳，举
反证。
skinflint
N. stingy person; miser.
Scrooge was an ungenerous old skinflint until he reformed his ways and
became a notable philanthropist.
分解为：skin + flint (stone)，理解为：皮像石头一样—一毛不拔。
beeline
N. direct, quick route.
As soon as the movie was over, Jim made a beeline for the exit.
分解为：bee + line, 理解为：“笔”直的一条线。
chaotic
ADJ. in utter disorder.
He tried to bring order into the chaotic state of affairs.
分解为：chao + tic (adj.), 理解为：“嘈”杂的
enjoin
v. command; order; forbid.
The owners of the company asked the court to enjoin the union from
picketing the plant.
看成谐音“硬叫你”—命令
enmity
N. ill will; hatred.
At Camp David President Carter labored to bring an end to the enmity that
prevented Egypt and Israel from living in peace.
形态联想：enemy
fleece
N. wool coat of a sheep.
They shear sheep of their fleece, which they then comb into separate
strands of wool.
字母形态联想：一圈一圈的羊毛
fleece
v. rob; plunder.
The tricksters fleeced him of his inheritance.
像剥羊毛一样劫掠
goad
v. urge on.
She was goaded by her friends until she yielded to their wishes, also N.
分解为：go + ad, 看成：go ahead.
hoary
ADJ. white with age.
The man was hoary and wrinkled when he was 70.
联想：hairy
idyllic
ADJ. charmingly carefree; simple.
Far from the city, she led an idyllic existence in her rural retreat.
联想：ideal—ideal的生活：田园诗般的
mountebank
N. charlatan; boastful pretender.
The patent medicine man was a mountebank.
分解：mount (mountain) + bank (银行), 联想有人说自己在山上开有银行：吹牛者！
obtuse
ADJ. blunt; stupid.
What can you do with somebody who’s so obtuse that he can’t even tell
that you’re insulting him?
分解为：ob (not) + tuse (突), 联想：不突—不尖锐的，钝的。
oust
v. expel; drive out.
The world wondered if Aquino would be able to oust Marcos from office.
看成 s + out, 联想使out
panegyric
N. formal praise.
Blushing at all the praise heaped upon him by the speakers, the modest hero
said, “I don’t deserve such panegyrics.”
谐音：“盼你吉利”—颂词
mulct
v. defraud a person of something.
The lawyer was accused of trying to mulct the boy of his legacy.
利用字母m：“蒙”骗
seemly
ADJ. proper; appropriate.
Lady Bracknell did not think it was seemly for Ernest to lack a proper
family: no baby abandoned on a doorstep could grow up to marry her
daughter.
分解：seem (好象) + ly (adj)。根据 seem 联想：好象还不错—合适的
unseemly
ADJ. unbecoming; indecent; in poor taste.
When Seymour put whoopee cushions on all the seats in the funeral parlor,
his conduct was most unseemly.
分解：un (not) + seem (好象) + ly (adj)。根据 seem 联想“不象样的”
tout
v. publicize; praise excessively.
I lost confidence in my broker after he touted some junk bonds that turned
out to be a bad investment.
联想“套”近乎—吹捧
tithe
N. tax of one-tenth.
Because he was an agnostic, he refused to pay his tithes to the clergy,
also v.
由 tithe 联想 tenth
（12）分解记忆
barefaced
ADJ. shameless; bold; unconcealed.
Shocked by Huck Finn’s barefaced lies, Miss Watson prayed the good Lord
would give him a sense of his unregenerate wickedness.
分解为：bare（光）+ face（脸）+ ed (的)，解释为：脸上无任何修饰的=无耻的
blowhard
N. talkative boaster.
After all Sol’s talk about his big show business connections led nowhere,
Sally decided he was just another blowhard.
分解为：blow（吹）+ hard（很厉害）
browbeat
v. bully; intimidate.
Billy resisted Ted’s attempts to browbeat him into handing over his lunch
money.
分解为：brow（眉毛）+beat（打），解释为：用眉毛打=威吓
catcall
N. shout of disapproval; boo.
Every major league pitcher has off days during which he must learn to
ignore catcalls and angry hisses from the crowd.
分解为：cat（猫）+ call（叫）
comeuppance
N. rebuke; deserts.
After his earlier rudeness, we were delighted to see him get his
comeuppance.
分解为：come + up + ance (n.)，解释为：something that come up（随之而来的东西
）=报应
crestfallen
ADJ. dejected; dispirited.
We were surprised at his reaction to the failure of his project; instead of
being crestfallen, he was busily engaged in planning new activities.
分解为：crest（鸡冠）+ fall（落下）+ en（的）
deadlock
N. standstill; stalemate.
Because negotiations had reached a deadlock, some of the delegates had
begun to mutter about breaking off the talks, also v.
分解为：dead（死）+ lock（锁）
deadpan
ADJ. wooden; impassive.
We wanted to see how long he could maintain his deadpan expression.
分解为：dead（死的）+ pan（盘），解释为：象死盘子一样无表情的
evenhanded
ADJ. impartial; fair.
Do men and women receive evenhanded treatment from their teachers, or, as
recent studies suggest, do teachers pay more attention to male students
than to females?
分解为：even（平均的）+ hand（手）+ ed（的）
gadfly
N. animal-biting fly; an irritating person.
Like a gadfly, he irritated all the guests at the hotel; within forty-eight
hours, everyone regarded him as an annoying busybody.
分解为：gad（赶牲畜用的尖头棒）+ fly（苍蝇）
homespun
ADJ. domestic; made at home.
Homespun wit, like homespun cloth, was often coarse and plain.
分解为：home（家庭）+ spun（纺，spin的过去分词）
hoodwink
v. deceive; delude.
Having been hoodwinked once by the fast-talking salesman, he was extremely
cautious when he went to purchase a used car.
分解为：hood（遮盖）+ wink（使眼色）
killjoy
N. grouch; spoilsport.
At breakfast we had all been enjoying our bacon and eggs until that killjoy
John started talking about how bad animal fats and cholesterol were for our
health.
分解为：kill（扫）+ joy（兴）
offhand
ADJ. casual; done without prior thought.
Expecting to be treated with due propriety by her hosts, Great-Aunt Maud
was offended by their offhand manner.
分解为：off + hand = 随手的
painstaking
ADJ. showing hard work; taking great care.
The new high-frequency word list is the result of painstaking efforts on
the part of our research staff.
分解为：pains（努力）+ take（花费）+ ing（的）
piecemeal
ADV. one part at a time; gradually.
Tolstoy’s War and Peace is too huge to finish in one sitting; I’ll have
to read it piecemeal.
分解为：piece + meal
pitfall
N. hidden danger; concealed trap.
The preacher warned his flock to beware the pitfall of excessive pride, for
pride brought on the angels’ fall.
分解为：pit（坑）+ fall（落）
slight
N. insult to one’s dignity; snub.
Hypersensitive and ready to take offense at any discourtesy, Bertha was
always on the lockout for real or imaginary slights.Also v.
slight = small + light
spendthrift--thrifty
N. someone who wastes money.
Easy access to credit encourages people to turn into spendthrifts who shop
till they drop.
分解为：spend + thrift，解释为：把节俭的钱都花了
thrifty
ADJ. careful about money; economical.
A thrifty shopper compares prices before making major purchases.
分解为：
threadbare
ADJ. worn through till the threads show; shabby and poor.
The poorly paid adjunct professor hid the threadbare spots on his jacket by
sewing leather patches on his sleeves.
分解为：thread（线）+ bare（露出）
underlying
ADJ. fundamental; lying below.
The underlying cause of the student riot was not the strict curfew rule but
the moldy cafeteria food.
Miss Marple seems a sweet little old lady at first, but an iron will
underlies that soft and fluffy facade.
分解为：under + lie + ing，解释为：躺在下面的
undermine
v. weaken; sap.
The recent corruption scandals have undermined many people’s faith in the
city government.
分解为：under + mine（挖掘）
underscore
v. emphasize.
Addressing the jogging class, Kim underscored the importance to runners of
good nutrition.
分解为：under + score（划线）
uproarious
ADJ. marked by commotion; extremely funny; very noisy.
The uproarious comedy hit Ace Ventura: Pet Detective starred Jim Carrey,
whose comic mugging provoked gales of uproarious laughter from audiences
coast to coast.
分解为：up + roar（cry）+ ous
upshot
N. outcome.
The upshot of the rematch was that the former champion proved that he still
possessed all the skills of his youth.
分解为：up + shot，源自射箭比赛的最后一射
wanderlust
N. strong longing to travel.
Don’t set your heart on a traveling man. He’s got too much wanderlust to
settle down.
分解为：wander（流浪）+ lust（欲望）
waylay
v. ambush; lie in wait.
They agreed to waylay their victim as he passed through the dark alley
going home.
分解为：way（路上）+ lay（伏）
windfall
N. fallen fruit; unexpected lucky event.
This huge tax refund is quite a windfall.
分解为：wind + fall
（13）次常用义词
下列单词是巴朗词表中的次常用义词（书上标示的）。次常用义词需要特别小心。记忆
这类词时通常可在它们与常用义之间建立一种联想关系。
accommodate
v. oblige or help someone; adjust or bring into harmony; adapt.
Mitch always did everything possible to accommodate his elderly relatives,
from driving them to medical appointments to helping them with paperwork.
安排食宿—小心伺候
ape
v. imitate or mimic.
In the comedy Young Frankenstein, when the servant Igor limps off, saying, “
Walk this way,” the hero apes him, hobbling after Igor in an imitation of
his walk.
由名词猿猴转化而来：猿猴是人类的[模仿]
application
N. diligent attention.
Pleased with how well Tom had whitewashed the fence, Aunt Polly praised him
for his application.
由原始义“粘上，贴上”转化而来：全部注意力都贴在上面了。
brook
v. tolerate; endure.
The dean would brook no interference with his disciplinary actions.
小溪—别在意—容忍
buffet
N. table with food set out for people to serve themselves; meal at which
people help themselves to food that’s been set out. [Buffet rhymes with
tray.)
Please convey the souffle on the tray to the buffet.
buffet
v. slap; batter; knock about.
To buffet something is to r
--
May it be the shadow's call
Will fly away
May it be your journey on
To light the day
When the night is overcome
You may rise to find the sun |
|
GO
发表于 2008-8-14 04:13:57
发表于 2008-8-14 10:00:50
发表于 2008-8-14 17:05:20
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