Argument36 graduate06--Hamming组 自己的第一篇Argument.

graduate06UID: 2223299

Argument36.The following appeared in an article written by Dr. Karp, an anthropologist.

(WORDS: 438          TIME: 40:00          DATE: 2006-11-22)

"Twenty years ago Dr. Field, a noted anthropologist, visited the island of Tertia and concluded from his observations that children in Tertia were reared by an entire village rather than by their own biological parents. However, my recent interviews with children living in the group of islands that includes Tertia show that these children spend much more time talking about their biological parents than about other adults in the village. This research proves that Dr. Field's conclusion about Tertian village culture is false, and thus that the observation-centered approach to studying cultures is invalid. Because they are using the interview-centered method, my team of graduate students working in Tertia will establish a much more accurate understanding of child-rearing traditions there and in other island cultures."

20年前著名人类学家Field博士访问了Tertia岛，并从他的观察得出结论：Tertia的儿童是由整个村庄的人抚养长大的而不是由他们的双亲。然而，我最近对包含Tertia的一组岛屿上生活的儿童的采访显示，这些儿童的谈话中谈到他们双亲的时间要远多于谈到村庄中其他成年人的时间。这个研究证实了Field博士关于Tertia村庄文化的结论是错误的，因而这种以观察为中心的研究文化的方法是无效的。由于我在Tertia工作的研究生们所用的是以采访为中心的方式，他们将对那里以及其他岛屿文化的儿童抚养传统建立精确的多的了解。

提纲：
1.        incomplete thought 二十年前Field博士得出的结论，最近我们得出的结论不尽相同，事物是发展变化的。
2.  Survey的可靠性，作者最近对包含Tertia的一组岛屿上生活的儿童的采访，但是没有说采访的儿童中Tertia占多大的比       例也许很小，所以这个结论根本不能说明Tertia的问题。
3. 因果关系错。这些儿童的谈话中谈到他们双亲的时间要远多于谈到村庄中其他成年人的时间 --/-〉儿童是由他们的双亲养大的。
4. 因果关系错：即使Field博士得出的结论是错误的，但是不能推出他的研究文化的方法是错的。更加没有任何论据显示作者的方法是错的。

正文：

The argument contains several aspects that are incredible. First, the anthropolegist fails to examine the possible changes of the child-rearing traditions during the past twenty years. On the other hand, the reliability of the interview is open to doubt. In addtion, the author assumes a correlation amounts to a causal relationship. The argument also commits a fallacy of cause-effect. I will discuss each of these aspects in turn.

First of all, in evaluating a conclusion of a studying, one must consider when the studying is conducted. The conclusion of  Tertia child-rearing problem of Dr.Field was made in twenty years ago, and the author's interview was conducted recently. It is entirely possible that the cluture, espicially child-rearing in Tertia has changed a lot in the past twenty years. So, maybe both the first conclusion and the second one are right. Before giving such evidence the argument is inconvincible.

Secondly, the author must examine the relative proportion of the interviewers who live in Tertia. That will help him to know whether or not the result of interview can represent the situation of Tertia. Without this figure it is completely possible that most of the interviewers are not the residents of Tertia. So before we know this number any conlusion is unreliable.

Thirdly, the argument assumes that the long time of the children of Tertia talking their parents in the interview means that they were reared by their parents. But the argument cites nothing evedent to bolster this conclusion. Moreover, the author also neglects a fact that it is a natural thing that all children would like to talk about their parents.

Finally, even assuming that the cultural changes haven't happened at all in the past--that the children of Tertia are fostered by their parents, the argument remains questionable. The fact that the conclusion of Dr.Field is wrong cannot  manifest that his means is invalid.Every method is feasible in a field. Perhaps, Dr.Field has successfully used his means to study a great number of cultural problems. Moreover, the author provides nothing evidence to substantiate his approach is useful, let alone his students can understand the child-rearing traditions of those islands including Tertia accurately by his method.

In conclusion, the argument, which seems to be logical, has several fallacies as discussed above. To bolster the argument the author would like to provides that the cultural changes of Tertia haven't happened in the past twenty years--and that most of the chilren of Tertia are reared by their parents. The argument could be further improved by providing the evdence that the mathod of Dr.Field is invalid and the one of the author is feasible.
(WORDS: 438          TIME: 40:00          DATE: 2006-11-22)

自己打字比较慢，在40分钟内刚刚写完，所以拼写，时态语态的错都没来得及改正。以后我会加快这个方面的练习的。

[ 本帖最后由 graduate06 于 2006-11-23 07:19 编辑 ]

ScorpionSkyUID: 2273954

写的很好,不错不错,鼓励下!:victory: