【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲（4）start to write

草木也知愁UID：2487572

呵呵，这个不多说了，虽然貌似有些空旷

但是我保证，只要你静下心来 好好读三遍

会有很清晰的感觉的

然后文思如泉涌，想要动笔去试试

呵呵

试试啦~

Planning (Invention): when you start to write

You can try the textbook formula:

I. State your thesis.
II. Write an outline.
III. Write the first draft.
IV. Revise and polish.

. . . but that often doesn't work!

Instead, you can try one or more of these strategies:

Ask yourself what your purpose is for writing about the subject.

There are many "correct" things to write about for any subject, but you need to narrow down your choices. For example, your topic might be "dorm food." At this point, you and your potential reader are asking the same question, "So what?" Why should you write about this, and why should anyone read it?

Do you want the reader to pity you because of the intolerable food you have to eat there?

Do you want to analyze large-scale institutional cooking?

Do you want to compare Purdue's dorm food to that served at Indiana University?

Ask yourself how you are going to achieve this purpose.

How, for example, would you achieve your purpose if you wanted to describe some movie as the best you've ever seen? Would you define for yourself a specific means of doing so? Would your comments on the movie go beyond merely telling the reader that you really liked it?

Start the ideas flowing

Brainstorm. Gather as many good and bad ideas, suggestions, examples, sentences, false starts, etc. as you can. Perhaps some friends can join in. Jot down everything that comes to mind, including material you are sure you will throw out. Be ready to keep adding to the list at odd moments as ideas continue to come to mind.

Talk to your audience, or pretend that you are being interviewed by someone -- or by several people, if possible (to give yourself the opportunity of considering a subject from several different points of view). What questions would the other person ask? You might also try to teach the subject to a group or class.

See if you can find a fresh analogy that opens up a new set of ideas. Build your analogy by using the word like. For example, if you are writing about violence on television, is that violence like clowns fighting in a carnival act (that is, we know that no one is really getting hurt)?

Take a rest and let it all percolate.

Nutshell your whole idea.

Tell it to someone in three or four sentences.

Diagram your major points somehow.

Make a tree, outline, or whatever helps you to see a schematic representation of what you have. You may discover the need for more material in some places.

Write a first draft.

Then, if possible, put it away. Later, read it aloud or to yourself as if you were someone else. Watch especially for the need to clarify or add more information.

You may find yourself jumping back and forth among these various strategies.

You may find that one works better than another. You may find yourself trying several strategies at once. If so, then you are probably doing something right!

资源来源地http://owl.english.purdue.edu/
推荐大家可以去看看
恩...要是想省事呢，呵呵，我每次做的都是一个帮大家整理分析的过程啦

张寄托UID：3647480

重要的事情说三遍，好好好，对备考非常有用，去看第五讲了

moonmouseUID：2694347

继续学习中

wei-viviUID：2737052

学习学习，大家都加油哈

Blithe0404UID：2738704

Thank you all the same.

四．Planning (Invention): when you start to write
1．Ask yourself how you are going to achieve this purpose.
How, for example, would you achieve your purpose if you wanted to describe some movie as the best you've ever seen? Would you define for yourself a specific means of doing so? Would your comments on the movie go beyond merely telling the reader that you really liked it?
2．Start the ideas flowing
Brainstorm. Gather as many good and bad ideas, suggestions, examples, sentences, false starts, etc. as you can. Perhaps some friends can join in. Jot down everything that comes to mind, including material you are sure you will throw out. Be ready to keep adding to the list at odd moments as ideas continue to come to mind.
3．Talk to your audience, or pretend that you are being interviewed by someone -- or by several people, if possible (to give yourself the opportunity of considering a subject from several different points of view).
What questions would the other person ask? You might also try to teach the subject to a group or class.
See if you can find a fresh analogy that opens up a new set of ideas. Build your analogy by using the word like. For example, if you are writing about violence on television, is that violence like clowns fighting in a carnival act (that is, we know that no one is really getting hurt)?
4．Take a rest and let it all percolate.
5．Nutshell your whole idea.
6．Tell it to someone in three or four sentences.
7．Diagram your major points somehow.
8．Make a tree, outline, or whatever helps you to see a schematic representation of what you have.
9. You may discover the need for more material in some places.
10.Write a first draft.
Then, put it away. Later, read it aloud or to yourself as if you were someone else. Watch especially for the need to clarify or add more information.

mikestoneUID：2734495

拜读，谢谢LZ
Purpose of writing
Strategies to attain this purpose
Steps: 1 Brainstorm: ideas, suggestions, examples, sentences, false starts, etc. 2 Talk to your audience, or pretend that you are being interviewed by someone. 3 See if you can find a fresh analogy that opens up a new set of ideas.
Take a rest and let it all percolate.
Diagram your major points somehow.
Write a first draft.

rushtosummerUID：2735551

rushtosummer的学习笔记（4）Start to write
1.Ask yourself what your purpose is for writing about the subject.
narrow down your purpose for writing
2.Ask yourself how you are going to achieve this purpose.
3.Start the ideas flowing
Brainstorm. Gather as many good and bad ideas, suggestions, examples, sentences, false starts, etc. as you can. Perhaps some friends can join in. Jot down everything that comes to mind, including material you are sure you will throw out.(可见写之前的发散思维真的很重要，只要想到的都可以成为写作素材的来源，所以先都写下来再说) Be ready to keep adding to the list at odd moments as ideas continue to come to mind.
Talk to your audience, or pretend that you are being interviewed by someone -- or by several people, if possible (to give yourself the opportunity of considering a subject from several different points of view). What questions would the other person ask? （想想看文章的人会问你什么问题）You might also try to teach the subject to a group or class.
See if you can find a fresh analogy that opens up a new set of ideas. Build your analogy by using the word like. （用like作类比应该可以帮助我们对事物的描述，并理清事物间的关系吧）
4.Take a rest and let it all percolate
5.Nutshell your whole idea.
Tell it to someone in three or four sentences.（用两三句话表达自己的主要思想，如果文章主要观点不能用两三句话表达清楚，那么这篇文章就会神散，主题不突出）
6.Diagram your major points somehow.
Make a tree, outline, or whatever helps you to see a schematic representation of what you have. You may discover the need for more material in some places.（帮助理清文章的逻辑关系）
7.Write a first draft.
Then, if possible, put it away. Later, read it aloud or to yourself as if you were someone else. Watch especially for the need to clarify or add more information.（出声朗读，以旁观者的身份检查自己的文章）

nunulongUID：2172898

NUNULONG笔记(四)：
最近通过不断学习写作技巧也阅读了不少文章，渐渐拾回久违的语感了，好久没做阅读训练，作文就更不需提了，这些天通过研读草木贴出的文章，受益匪浅。
写作开始的准备，说起来还是需要大量搜集资料，积累素材，选择论证角度，通过犀利的语言深厚论证的力度和强度，看来强大的思维真的是需要语言为基础，纵使有深邃的思想性，也需要用文字强有力的表达出来，这才是王道。这些天看到最多的词就是BrainStorm，看来这是一件法宝了，用好它才是上策，还要从多角度考虑问题，发掘新颖的论证角度和论证方式，使文章耳目一新，也是丰富自己的论证语言，力求多样性，这样才可以游刃有余。看来很快要进行自己第一篇习作的探究了。

miki7catUID：2533330

lAsk yourself what your purpose is for writing about the subject. There are many "correct" things to write about for any subject, but you need to narrow down your choices.
lAsk yourself how you are going to achieve this purpose. How, for example, would you achieve your purpose if you wanted to describe some movie as the best you've ever seen? Would you define for yourself a specific means of doing so? Would your comments on the movie go beyond merely telling the reader that you really liked it?
lStart the ideas flowing.
  nBrainstorm. Gather as many good and bad ideas, suggestions, examples, sentences, false starts, etc. as you can. Perhaps some friends can join in. Jot down everything that comes to mind, including material you are sure you will throw out. Be ready to keep adding to the list at odd moments as ideas continue to come to mind.
  nTalk to your audience, or pretend that you are being interviewed by someone -- or by several people, if possible (to give yourself the opportunity of considering a subject from several different points of view). What questions would the other person ask? You might also try to teach the subject to a group or class.
  nSee if you can find a fresh analogy that opens up a new set of ideas. Build your analogy by using the word like. For example, if you are writing about violence on television, is that violence like clowns fighting in a carnival act (that is, we know that no one is really getting hurt)?
lTake a rest and let it all percolate.
lNutshell your whole idea. Tell it to someone in three or four sentences.
lDiagram your major points somehow. Make a tree, outline, or whatever helps you to see a schematic representation of what you have. You may discover the need for more material in some places.
lWrite a first draft.
lThen, if possible, put it away. Later, read it aloud or to yourself as if you were someone else. Watch especially for the need to clarify or add more information. You may find yourself jumping back and forth among these various strategies. You may find that one works better than another. You may find yourself trying several strategies at once. If so, then you are probably doing something right!

rafaelUID：2702393

【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲（4）start to write
Rafael笔记
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1030707-1-1.html
Planning (Invention): when you start to write

You can try the textbook formula:

I. State your thesis.
II. Write an outline.
III. Write the first draft.
IV. Revise and polish.

. . . but that often doesn't work!

从小到大都是这么个步骤过来的，但是很少回头看自己以前写的东西，总觉得惨不忍睹……

Instead, you can try one or more of these strategies:

Ask yourself what your purpose is for writing about the subject.

Thereare many "correct" things to write about for any subject, but you needto narrow down your choices. For example, your topic might be "dormfood." At this point, you and your potential reader are asking the samequestion, "So what?" Why should you write about this, and why shouldanyone read it?

有时候都不知道写出来的东西有什么意思，就像这个dorm food，为什么要写啊，这个东西有什么好说的呢？你吃你的，我为什么要看呢？写出来的东西应该要有意思才好啊。应该是写作的人本身对这个主题就不关心，觉得没有意思，才会言之无物的。所以生活要多一点发现美的眼睛。

Do you want the reader to pity you because of the intolerable food you have to eat there?（很可能会引起他的同感。）



Do you want to analyze large-scale institutional cooking?

Do you want to compare Purdue's dorm food to that served at Indiana University?

Ask yourself how you are going to achieve this purpose.

How,for example, would you achieve your purpose if you wanted to describesome movie as the best you've ever seen? Would you define for yourselfa specific means of doing so? Would your comments on the movie gobeyond merely telling the reader that you really liked it?

Start the ideas flowing

Brainstorm.Gather as many good and bad ideas, suggestions, examples, sentences,false starts, etc. as you can. Perhaps some friends can join in. Jotdown everything that comes to mind, including material you are sure youwill throw out. Be ready to keep adding to the list at odd moments asideas continue to come to mind.

Talkto your audience, or pretend that you are being interviewed by someone （这里总是有很多假想敌出来，会不会有一天就变成自说自话自问自答了？）-- or by several people, if possible (to give yourself the opportunityof considering a subject from several different points of view). Whatquestions would the other person ask? You might also try to teach thesubject to a group or class.

See if you can find a fresh analogy that opens up a new set of ideas. Build your analogy by using the word like.For example, if you are writing about violence on television, is thatviolence like clowns fighting in a carnival act (that is, we know thatno one is really getting hurt)?

Take a rest and let it all percolate.

Nutshell your whole idea.

Tell it to someone in three or four sentences.

Diagram your major points somehow.

Makea tree（好高级的树形图啊）, outline, or whatever helps you to see a schematicrepresentation of what you have. You may discover the need for morematerial in some places.

Write a first draft.

Then,if possible, put it away. Later, read it aloud or to yourself as if youwere someone else(假想again). Watch especially for the need to clarify or add moreinformation.

换位思考

You may find yourself jumping back and forth among these various strategies.

Youmay find that one works better than another. You may find yourselftrying several strategies at once. If so, then you are probably doingsomething right!

海王泪UID：2673613

4）Start to write 正常的写作程序： I. State your thesis. II. Write an outline. III. Write the first draft. IV. Revise and polish. Brainstorm补充小技巧 Brainstorm. Gather as many good and bad ideas, suggestions, examples, sentences, false starts, etc. as you can. To give yourself the opportunity of considering a subject from several different points of view Talk to your audience, or pretend that you are being interviewed by someone A fresh analogy that opens up a new set of ideas. Build your analogy by using the word like. 文化类题目,it is just like the tips of iceberg, it is just like the onion you havn’t cut (回头POLISH一下，回头补上)哈哈～一个朋友说的，很多东西都可以用冰山一角；我自己则从另外一个老师那得到启发，文化就是个洋葱。。要剥开皮才知道。。。 个人考场提纲列法： 1. Brainstorm 2.Scrath outline (+,-,Main ideas, details,delete) 3.Diagraming 图示THESIS,MAINIDEAS,REASONS AND EVIDENCE一层一层往外扩，往外连接 （记上一笔） Diagram your major points somehow. Make a tree, outline, or whatever helps you to see a schematic representation of what you have. You may discover the need for more material in some places. 图示THESIS,MAINIDEAS,REASONS AND EVIDENCE一层一层往外扩，往外连接

xiguan_33UID：2641018

本帖最后由 xiguan_33 于 2009-11-12 19:07 编辑 【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲（4）start to write笔记 Planning (Invention): when you start to write You can try the textbook formula: I. State your thesis. II. Write an outline. III. Write the first draft. IV. Revise and polish. . . . but that often doesn't work! Instead, you can try one or more of these strategies: Ask yourself what your purpose is for writing about the subject. There are many "correct" things to write about for any subject, but you need to narrow down your choices. For example, your topic might be "dorm food." At this point, you and your potential reader are asking the same question, "So what?" Why should you write about this, and why should anyone read it? Do you want the reader to pity you because of the intolerable food you have to eat there? Do you want to analyze large-scale institutional cooking? Do you want to compare Purdue's dorm food to that served at Indiana University? Ask yourself how you are going to achieve this purpose. How, for example, would you achieve your purpose if you wanted to describe some movie as the best you've ever seen? Would you define for yourself a specific means of doing so? Would your comments on the movie go beyond merely telling the reader that you really liked it?【我写作过程中虽然没忽略这一点 但总是没有足够重视把握好行文的主线 以致写的东西东一句西一句 想表达的意思没有那么有效地表达出来】 Start the ideas flowing Brainstorm. Gather as many good and bad ideas, suggestions, examples, sentences, false starts, etc. as you can. Perhaps some friends can join in. Jot down everything that comes to mind, including material you are sure you will throw out. Be ready to keep adding to the list at odd moments as ideas continue to come to mind. Talk to your audience, or pretend that you are being interviewed by someone -- or by several people, if possible (to give yourself the opportunity of considering a subject from several different points of view). What questions would the other person ask? You might also try to teach the subject to a group or class. See if you can find a fresh analogy that opens up a new set of ideas. Build your analogy by using the word like. For example, if you are writing about violence on television, is that violence like clowns fighting in a carnival act (that is, we know that no one is really getting hurt)? Take a rest and let it all percolate. Nutshell your whole idea. Tell it to someone in three or four sentences. Diagram your major points somehow. Make a tree, outline, or whatever helps you to see a schematic representation of what you have. You may discover the need for more material in some places.【我觉得这点比较有用 写出来 并通过一定形式表现出他们之间的关系之后再去找相关材料才有针对性也不容易在找材料的过程中因为迁就材料而改变了最初想表达的意思。另外 列出所有这些以后也方便自己做一个宏观的取舍。我当初有一阵写作文的时候就是写的过程想起什么觉得好像能用上就写上了，结果写完发现有些并不是那么合适的】 Write a first draft. Then, if possible, put it away. Later, read it aloud or to yourself as if you were someone else. Watch especially for the need to clarify or add more information. You may find yourself jumping back and forth among these various strategies. You may find that one works better than another. You may find yourself trying several strategies at once. If so, then you are probably doing something right! 【看的过程中就觉得这个太耽误时间了啊 各种写草稿类的东西 然后再写文章。后来反应过来这个过程其实不是应试的时候用的，目前联系阶段是这样的，毕竟GRE作文的题库我们是知道的，前期准备好就是了。】

QuincySMUID：2162088

Date: 11/10/2009
Topic: 【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲（4）start to write
Reference: https://bbs.gter.net/thread-931466-1-1.html

Instead, you can try one or more of these strategies:

Ask yourself what your purpose is for writing about the subject.
you need to narrow down your choices.
you and your potential reader are asking the same question, "So what?" Why should you write about this, and why should anyone read it?
核心在这两句里。其实就是将话题和题目转化为较精确的描述。在AW里，这一步ETS基本上已经为我们做好了。

Ask yourself how you are going to achieve this purpose.
How, for example, would you achieve your purpose if you wanted to describe some movie as the best you've ever seen? Would you define for yourself a specific means of doing so? Would your comments on the movie go beyond merely telling the reader that you really liked it?
这个ask的过程比起列提纲来感觉有血有肉，就像文字里所举的那个电影的例子一样。这种方法可以防止空泛地列出提纲论点，临到下笔却发现缺乏例证或说理论证。

Start the ideas flowing
brainstorming的内容是很基本的。
Talk to your audience, or pretend that you are being interviewed by someone -- or by several people, if possible (to give yourself the opportunity of considering a subject from several different points of view). What questions would the other person ask? You might also try to teach the subject to a group or class. 这个和前面几讲所述的很类似。想象听众的反应，以及尽量解释清晰。
See if you can find a fresh analogy that opens up a new set of ideas. Build your analogy by using the word like. For example, if you are writing about violence on television, is that violence like clowns fighting in a carnival act (that is, we know that no one is really getting hurt)? 这里的analogy感觉更像是一个例子的作用。举出事物的不同方面来打开思路。

Take a rest and let it all percolate.

Nutshell your whole idea.
Tell it to someone in three or four sentences.
其实就是把开头写出来。有助于AW时写出简洁的开头，尽快进入主体。

Diagram your major points somehow.
Make a tree, outline, or whatever helps you to see a schematic representation of what you have. You may discover the need for more material in some places. 这样可以增强写作的逻辑性。

Write a first draft.
Then, if possible, put it away. Later, read it aloud or to yourself as if you were someone else. Watch especially for the need to clarify or add more information. 改文的重要性。其实这里指出了改文的方向——进一步阐述清楚，让信息丰富。所以长文不是堆砌说理，而是给人有说服力的information。

lghscuUID：2552043

【Fundamental Course of Writing】基础写作每日一讲（4）start to write
https://bbs.gter.net/viewthre ... p;extra=&page=1
KG阅读笔记
Planning (Invention): when you start to write
You can try the textbook formula:

I. State your thesis.
II. Write an outline.
III. Write the first draft.
IV. Revise and polish.
--KG常用作法就包括这些，难道行不通？！那一定要好好看看下文如何讲授的！！！
. . . but that often doesn't work(Why?)!

Instead, you can try one or more of these strategies:

Ask yourself what your purpose is for writing about the subject.

There are many "correct（对与错，并没有绝对的界限，通常情况下，能够自圆其说就可以认为正确）" things to write about for any subject, but you need to narrow down your choices（在一个比较小的范围内写作是比较好的方法，有限的篇幅不可能面面俱到，如果面面俱到，可能出现“蜻蜓点水”的结果。当然牛人不在此范围）. For example, your topic might be "dorm food." At this point, you and your potential reader are asking the same question, "So what?" Why should you write about this, and why should anyone read it?(因为写作话题具有争议性，通过写作表达作者观点，并且读者接受作者的看法，进而给读者“洗脑”。如果做到“洗脑”那就非常成功了！)

Do you want the reader to pity you because of the intolerable food you have to eat there?

Do you want to analyze large-scale institutional cooking?

Do you want to compare Purdue's dorm food to that served at Indiana University?
对于给定的话题，可写作的范围还是比较广。就ISSUE来说，可以赞成，反对以及部分赞成部分反对。最好的方法是把话题限定在一个自己能够掌握的范围内。

Ask yourself how you are going to achieve this purpose.

How, for example, would you achieve your purpose if you wanted to describe some movie as the best you've ever seen? Would you define for yourself a specific means of doing so? Would your comments on the movie go beyond merely telling the reader that you really liked it?（这里可以理解为论证方法与手段）

Start the ideas flowing

Brainstorm. Gather as many good and bad ideas, suggestions, examples, sentences, false starts（对于good方面，可以借鉴学习；对于bad方面，可以进行攻击，从而让别人信服自己的说法）, etc. as you can. Perhaps some friends can join in. Jot down everything that comes to mind（用QQ聊天记录）, including material you are sure you will throw out. Be ready to keep adding to the list at odd moments as ideas continue to come to mind.

Talk to your audience, or pretend that you are being interviewed by someone -- or by several people, if possible (to give yourself the opportunity of considering a subject from several different points of view与前期提到类似). What questions would the other person ask? You might also try to teach the subject to a group or class.

See if you can find a fresh analogy that opens up a new set of ideas(类比思想来源于“旧东西引出新东西，即以旧出新”). Build your analogy by using the word like. For example, if you are writing about violence on television, is that violence like clowns fighting in a carnival act (that is, we know that no one is really getting hurt)?
--clown:
3 a : a fool, jester, or comedian in an entertainment (as a play) specifically : a grotesquely dressed comedy performer in a circus b : a person who habitually jokes and plays the buffoon c : JOKER 1B
--circus:
1 a : a large arena enclosed by tiers of seats on three or all four sides and used especially for sports or spectacles (as athletic contests, exhibitions of horsemanship, or in ancient times chariot racing) b : a public spectacle

Take a rest and let it all percolate.

Nutshell your whole idea.

Tell it to someone in three or four sentences.

Diagram your major points somehow.

Make a tree, outline, or whatever helps you to see a schematic representation of what you have. You may discover the need for more material in some places.

Write a first draft.

Then, if possible, put it away. Later, read it aloud or to yourself as if you were someone else. Watch especially for the need to clarify or add more information.

You may find yourself jumping back and forth among these various strategies（这是一种境界！）.

You may find that one works better than another. You may find yourself trying several strategies at once. If so, then you are probably doing something right!