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《马丁 伊甸》 [复制链接]

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发表于 2004-5-28 13:15:05 |显示全部楼层 |倒序浏览
《马丁·伊登》是杰克·伦敦的不朽作品。小说的前半部带有自传性质,取材于作者早年的生活经历和后来成名的过程。
  年轻水手马丁·伊登在一次偶然的机会中救了大律师摩斯的儿子亚瑟。为了感谢马丁的救命之恩,亚瑟热情邀他到家里作客。摩斯家富丽堂皇的摆设,优雅文明的风度使马丁眼花缭乱,惊慕不已。更使他心醉神移的是亚瑟年轻、美貌的妹妹罗丝。在马丁的眼中,罗丝是那么高尚纯洁。对俗不可耐的公子哥儿腻烦了的罗丝也喜欢这个精力充沛、才智过人的无产者。在罗丝的鼓励下,更确切地说,在憧憬“高尚而又纯真的爱情”的巨大动力下,马丁以超人的毅力发愤读书,他只用几个月的时间就学完了常人需要两年才能学完的中学课程。他常常每天只睡四五个小时,像作者杰克·伦敦开始写作时一样,一边做苦工,一边学习、写作,为的是能有朝一日跻身“上流社会”,成为可与罗丝匹配的“上等人”。尽管他不断写作,稿子一篇篇寄出,却一次次遭到拒绝。后来,虽然罗丝私下与马丁订了婚,但是,她的父母认为马丁是个缺乏教养、粗鲁无礼的穷光蛋,因而竭力反对女儿与马丁的进一步接近;摩斯家客厅里的阔老阔少也嘲笑、冷溶马丁。马丁逐渐发现“上流社会”并非他过去想象的那么高尚,那么文明。在一次客厅辩论中,他直言不讳地批评了这些“高等人士”,冒犯了他们的尊严,从此被拒于摩斯家的门外,继而罗丝也同他断绝了来往。这时,马丁痛苦地发现罗丝根本不是他想象中的“安琪儿”,而是一个目光短浅、庸俗的资产阶级小姐。支撑他努力奋斗的精神支柱崩溃了,他无力再继续写作,只是将原先退还的稿件再寄给出版商和报刊杂志。没想到,他的一篇作品被刊登了。一夜之间他成了名闻遐迩的大作家。请帖和稿约纷至沓来,金钱和荣誉接踵而至。昔日那些对他嗤之以鼻、攻击嘲讽的“高贵人士”如今向他献媚,“上流社会”向他敞开了欢迎的大门。摩斯家听说他功成名就,急忙叫罗丝主动上门,哭哭啼啼地要求重归干好,恢复婚约。然而,这时己爬上社会“顶峰”的马丁却看透了这些虚伪透顶、趋炎附势的芸芸众生;名誉和金钱,虚假的友谊和庸俗的爱情再也激不起他昔日那种对靠个人奋斗带来个人幸福的憧憬,再也无法改变他对人生的冷漠态度。他痛恨这些浑身散发出铜臭的资产阶级市侩,但也无法回到他原来出身的阶级。他想到一个孤岛上去过与世隔绝的隐士生活,但最终还是投海自杀,结束了他年轻的生命。
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“人类不可能超越自己的同类;也不能超越客观环境对他的影响;人文主义的极度‘孤寂’是不存在的。”

IT WAS the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.

The cure for anything is salt water -- sweat, tears, or the sea.
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沙发
发表于 2004-5-28 13:22:17 |显示全部楼层
想讨论的是:什么才是人活着的精神支柱?
物质的极大丰富,以及带来的相应的社会地位的显赫,真的可以让一个人快乐么?
当然,仁者见仁。个人的追求不同,没有定论。
但是不可否认,信仰和宗教的存在,证实了人类精神生活中某种缺陷:对大数人来说,我们无可指望,生活暗淡看不到光明,我们孜孜以求,却永远得不到真正的快乐。想完全脱离这个社会,又违背了人类群居的自然法则。
马丁以自杀的方式,使自己从痛苦的空虚与迷茫中解脱出来。
“人类不可能超越自己的同类;也不能超越客观环境对他的影响;人文主义的极度‘孤寂’是不存在的。”

IT WAS the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.

The cure for anything is salt water -- sweat, tears, or the sea.

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板凳
发表于 2004-5-28 15:23:25 |显示全部楼层
你比较完整的表达了我所想表达而没表达出来的东西。
马丁对现实意义的教诲就是:我们要做好这个心理准备——哪一天我们突然领悟到:我们所追求的东西,虽不至于是狗屎,但也没有什么重要意义的时候,我们也许会崩溃。
但现在看来,歌舞升平,很多人在很长一段时间内都用不着担心。
“人类不可能超越自己的同类;也不能超越客观环境对他的影响;人文主义的极度‘孤寂’是不存在的。”

IT WAS the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.

The cure for anything is salt water -- sweat, tears, or the sea.

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地板
发表于 2004-5-28 15:27:23 |显示全部楼层
你说心是精神的支柱,心又从何而来呢?
把心放在任何一项貌似伟大的事业上,都危险无比。就像马丁伊甸。
心应该放在哪里呢?
“人类不可能超越自己的同类;也不能超越客观环境对他的影响;人文主义的极度‘孤寂’是不存在的。”

IT WAS the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.

The cure for anything is salt water -- sweat, tears, or the sea.

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发表于 2004-5-28 15:34:38 |显示全部楼层
关于老庄的问题,我觉得答案应该肯定的。
万物顺应自然。任何徒劳的争取和努力的结果,都是虚无。如果人生是一个奋斗的过程,那么人生就是虚无的。任何试图改变自己的做法,都是没有意义的。
社会进步的某些意义在于:更大程度的满足人类的贪欲。人欲是没有止境的,道德和法律不再是克制私欲的樊篱。有人说我压抑人性,那么你们倒是想出来一个好方法:既张扬人性,又不会伤害他人?
“人类不可能超越自己的同类;也不能超越客观环境对他的影响;人文主义的极度‘孤寂’是不存在的。”

IT WAS the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.

The cure for anything is salt water -- sweat, tears, or the sea.

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发表于 2004-5-28 15:59:48 |显示全部楼层
最初由 鬼谷子 发布
[B]心从何而来
好问题
所有的宗教好像都在解决这个问题
我回答不了

而社会的问题
我觉得社会进步的过程就是人性泯灭的过程
哪里还有人性能张扬呢
不是吗 [/B]


我们需要给人性下个定义,规定个范畴。
我觉得你认为的人性是善良的、好的、光辉的一面的;我说的人性都是恶的、丑的、下流的。
如果是善的人性,社会的进步可以泯灭之也可能不泯灭:你可以选择不同流合污,甚至放弃你现在的职业等等。关键看你的个人选择能不能够超越社会附加给你的一些价值观。
如果是恶的人性,那就是我们为什么需要后天的教育、道德、法律规范等等来约束我们自身的行为,要压抑它。同样,你选择怎么样对待你自己和这个社会系统,完全是你个人选择问题。

关于人性本恶本善,中国古代就有争论。我比较同意本恶的说法。

ps:谢谢你推荐的书。
“人类不可能超越自己的同类;也不能超越客观环境对他的影响;人文主义的极度‘孤寂’是不存在的。”

IT WAS the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.

The cure for anything is salt water -- sweat, tears, or the sea.

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发表于 2004-5-28 16:27:05 |显示全部楼层
你这个有点像《秋水》那片讲无穷相对性。我觉得我想多了这个就有点走火入魔的感觉。因为抓不住自己的本心了。
但似乎你说的也有道理,确实,自古,所有的事情就是胜者王侯败者寇。应该说没有统一的标准来界定善与恶,好与坏。
但是,大部分人的同情心、悲天悯人是自发的。比如,你见到一个老人躺在路边,一个有道德的人就会送她去医院。你不能说这种行为也是出于强权。虽然教育具有一定的导向和感化作用,但我还是认为,人们做出的第一反应应该是出于本心的。同样,我们的这种自发的行为,更加加强了教育和教化的意义和作用。
“人类不可能超越自己的同类;也不能超越客观环境对他的影响;人文主义的极度‘孤寂’是不存在的。”

IT WAS the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.

The cure for anything is salt water -- sweat, tears, or the sea.

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发表于 2004-5-28 16:45:21 |显示全部楼层
道德是上帝伊甸园的苹果。。。
道德本身没有错误。我从来不藐视、蔑视道德。唯有在道德的面前,人人平等!!!
正因为人性本恶,才更加迫切的需要道德。正因为世风日下,人心不古,才更呼唤道德的建设。靠什么?靠教育、靠宣传、靠那些具有德行的人来带动大家。
教育不是万能的,也必然有它的弊处。但如果它能够宣言道德,为什么不提倡呢?
“人类不可能超越自己的同类;也不能超越客观环境对他的影响;人文主义的极度‘孤寂’是不存在的。”

IT WAS the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.

The cure for anything is salt water -- sweat, tears, or the sea.

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发表于 2004-5-28 17:11:35 |显示全部楼层
有些道德是可以迁移的,有些不可以。
杀人偿命,什么社会都是这样。
道德面前的人人平等,不是要统治权威赋予你什么平等;而是我们自发的维护道德,遵守道德,做一切在当时社会认为是善的事情,这就是爱惜道德了,从这一点说,不论贵贱,人们都可以做到。
“人类不可能超越自己的同类;也不能超越客观环境对他的影响;人文主义的极度‘孤寂’是不存在的。”

IT WAS the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.

The cure for anything is salt water -- sweat, tears, or the sea.

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发表于 2004-5-28 21:56:12 |显示全部楼层
我觉得我想说的道德是善恶,是非.
你讲的道德可能范围更大些.
杀人首先是道德的问题,再是法律的问题.
法律是保护道德的武器.
“人类不可能超越自己的同类;也不能超越客观环境对他的影响;人文主义的极度‘孤寂’是不存在的。”

IT WAS the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.

The cure for anything is salt water -- sweat, tears, or the sea.

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发表于 2004-5-30 17:07:37 |显示全部楼层
我觉得你没有完全理解马丁那种执著追求后幻灭的痛苦....他的自杀绝对不是逃避,是一种抗争.
同意你说的道德是遗传的集体意识这个说法.尽管它是由人来规定的,但是它是客观存在的.
“人类不可能超越自己的同类;也不能超越客观环境对他的影响;人文主义的极度‘孤寂’是不存在的。”

IT WAS the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.

The cure for anything is salt water -- sweat, tears, or the sea.

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发表于 2004-6-3 15:28:38 |显示全部楼层
对,martin的死是对现实世界失望的一种死。了然无趣的死。
“人类不可能超越自己的同类;也不能超越客观环境对他的影响;人文主义的极度‘孤寂’是不存在的。”

IT WAS the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.

The cure for anything is salt water -- sweat, tears, or the sea.

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