[追星剑特训] [追星剑特训]Chapter1.1 Terminology 关键字眼 [复制链接]

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楼主

发表于 2004-6-21 19:26:43 |显示全部楼层

个人对于关键字的理解的具体操作：

1.对关键字的理解是行文的前提，所以拿到题目先来分析关键字。利用MW来查含义。
2.思考对这个关键字的一般理解，也就是普通人是如何理解的，为什么这么说呢？有人会认为独辟蹊径会写出耳目一新的文章。其实不然。独特的理解就意味着有偏题的可能，如果大家没有很好的把握能力最好不要去尝试。
3.即使是一个关键字会有2种以上的理解，像imong举例的144中的lasting value, 那么只要任选一种解释然后展开讨论就可以，结果只不过是侧重点不同罢了。

关于issue17里面说的just law 和unjust law, 是出自Martin Luther King 之口；issue 176也是一句名言，等我下去找到出处贴过来，这样大家可以更好的理解这几个看似模糊的概念了

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沙发

发表于 2004-6-23 17:07:41 |显示全部楼层

从LSAT中找出来的一篇关于Martin Luther King的阅读，其中提到了just law 与unjust law, 贴出来给大家参考

Nearly every writer on the philosophy of civil rights activist Martin Luther King, Jr., makes a connection between King and Henry David Thoreau, usually via Thoreau’s famous essay, “Civil Disobedience” (1849). In his book Stride Toward Freedom (1958), King himself stated that Thoreau’s essay was his first intellectual contact with the theory of passive resistance to governmental laws that are perceived as morally unjust. However, this emphasis on Thoreau’s influence on King is unfortunate: first, King would not have agreed with many other aspects of Thoreau’s philosophy, including Thoreau’s ultimate acceptance of violence as a form of protest; second, an overemphasis on the influence of one essay has kept historians from noting other correspondences between King’s philosophy and transcendentalism. “Civil Disobedience” was the only example of transcendentalist writing with which King was familiar, and in many other transcendentalist writings, including works by Ralph Waldo Emerson and Margaret Fuller, King would have found ideas more nearly akin to his own.
The kind of civil disobedience King had in mind was, in fact, quite different from Thoreau’s view of civil disobedience. Thoreau, like most other transcendentalists, was primarily interested in reform of the individual, whereas King was primarily interested in reform of society. As a protest against the Mexican War, Thoreau refused to pay taxes, but he did not hope by his action to force a change in national policy. While he encouraged others to adopt similar protests, he did not attempt to mount any mass protest action against unjust laws. In contrast to Thoreau, King began to advocate the use of mass civil disobedience to effect revolutionary changes within the social system.
However, King’s writings suggest that, without realizing it, he was an incipient transcendentalist. Most transcendentalists subscribed to the concept of “higher law” and included civil disobedience to unjust laws as part of their strategy. They often invoked the concept of higher law to justify their opposition to slavery and to advocate disobedience to the strengthened Fugitive Slave Law of 1850. In his second major book, King’s discussion of [B]just and unjust laws [/B] and the responsibility of the individual is very similar to the transcendentalists’ discussion of higher law. In reference to how one can advocate breaking some laws and obeying others, King notes that there are two types of laws, just and unjust; he describes a just law as a “code that squares with the moral law” and an unjust law as a “code that is out of harmony with the moral law.” Thus, King’s opposition to the injustice of legalized segregation in the twentieth century is philosophically akin to the transcendentalists’ opposition to the Fugitive Slave Law in the nineteenth century.

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板凳

发表于 2004-6-25 18:29:16 |显示全部楼层

转自song123456的issue176

Issue176 the function of science is to reassure; the purpose of art is to upset. Therein lies the value of each.

Some contend that the purpose of science and art is difference: that of the former is to reassure, the other to upset. Although science and art belong to different ranges, they both, I think, have the function of reassurance and upset as well.

It is indisputable that science owns the function to reassure since the primary purpose of science is to relieve man from the strong sense that unease and dissatisfaction going with lack of comprehension. The leader of chemical department in our university once pointed out (and I paraphrase):" it is not the knowledge itself that we gain from scientific research that man is actually trying to attain, but the satisfaction of knowing that something is known, equivalent of the relief that a child's fear of dark is dispelled by kindling light." In this sense, science can assure people no matter they are experts in science or not.

However, development of science also brings man numerous puzzles, problems and troubles that confuse people. As we know, while modern science has brought about great advancement in scientific knowledge and discoveries, many tough problems and upsets have been begot at the same time such as nuclear crisis, irreversible environmental destruction, obscurity of things, and the secret recesses of truth. Nevertheless, all the complication and confinement science arouses are not necessarily negative. Looking into, examining and then solving these problems, we would find new directions of research, needs of our society, solutions of many social and scientific problems as well as experience to avoid mistakes.

Similarly, art has both of function to reassure and upset too. It is always said that great art works can stir up impulsions in human sense, emotion and heart. Music, for example, has sometimes been used as a stimulus to encourage soldiers to be brave and to desire fight and killing. However, music can also peace and calm people down. As well known, music is always applied in some mental therapy, and almost everybody has memories how many times that the lullaby that our parents sung calmed us down and got us into dreams. It is clear that art is bi-functional.

In sum, although science and art are seemingly totally different disciplines with different function and purpose, taking all the dimensions discussed above assures us that they both have the function of reassurance as well as upset.

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