【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲（3）Writer's Block

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Date: 11/09/2009
Topic: 【Fundamental Course of Writtng】基础写作每日一讲（2）Writing Anxiety
Reference: https://bbs.gter.net/bbs/thread-931466-1-1.html

Symptom
You have attempted to begin a paper without doing any preliminary work such as brainstorming or outlining...
Possible Cures
Use invention strategies suggested by a tutor or teacher 这句话拓展开来，也包括回忆模板吧。其实模板的作用就是一种invention strategy，或者说是invention convention让你尽快从某些固定的点开始思考。
Write down all the primary ideas you'd like to express and then fill in each with the smaller ideas that make up each primary idea. This can easily be converted into an outline 这句话很实在，同样适用于列提纲时，先搜索资料，然后再整合的过程。
Symptom
You have chosen or been assigned a topic which bores you....
Possible Cures
Talk to a tutor about how you can personalize a topic to make it more interesting 这个在自己列提纲想例子时也要参考。所谓扬长避短。
Symptom
You don't understand the assignment...
Possible Cures
Find out what is expected of you (consult a teacher, textbook, student, tutor, or project coordinator) 其实看范文和ETS寄来的本本是了解what is expected 的最好方法
Symptom
You're self-conscious about your writing, you may have trouble getting started. So, if you're preoccupied with the idea that you have to write about a subject and feel you probably won't express yourself well...
Possible Cures
Talk over the subject with a friend or tutor. 讨论是平日准备提纲的好方法。
assure yourself that the first draft doesn't have to be a work of genius, it is something to work with. 摆正心态很重要，而且练习时，修改和多练之间要有个平衡
Force yourself to write down something, however poorly worded, that approximates your thought (you can revise this later) and go on with the next idea. 回到了那种“憋死也得憋出第一篇”的感觉
Break the task up into steps. Meet the general purpose first, and then flesh out the more specific aspects later. 分而治之。聚沙成塔，水滴石穿。平时可以注意记录难点，然后找时间逐个击破，以留下深刻印象。
Other Strategies for Getting Over Writer's Block
Begin in the Middle
Start writing at whatever point you like. If you want to begin in the middle, fine. Leave the introduction or first section until later. The reader will never know that you wrote the paper "backwards." Besides, some writers routinely save the introduction until later when they have a clearer idea of what the main idea and purpose of the piece will be.我觉得这个在考场上很实用，我之前总是争取一句话写出我的main idea，然后就开始正文。有时间再回来补，写得与预料有差距了再改改statement。反正一句话，也好改。
Talk Out the Paper
Your listener can ask questions and guide you as you speak, and you'll be more likely to relax and say something unpredictable than if that you were sitting and forcing yourself to write. 交流是思想火花的来源
Change the Audience
Pretend that you're writing to a child, to a close friend, to a parent, to a person who sharply disagrees with you, or to someone who's new to the subject and needs to have you explain your paper's topic slowly and clearly. Changing the audience can clarify your purpose and can also make you feel more comfortable and help you write more easily.
Play a Role
Pretend you are someone else writing the paper. For instance, if you have been asked to write about sexist advertising, assume you are the president of the National Organization of Women. Or, pretend you are the president of a major oil company asked to defend the high price of oil. Consider being someone in another time period, or someone with a wildly different perspective from your own. Pulling yourself out of your usual perspective can help you see things that are otherwise invisible or difficult to articulate, and your writing will be stronger for it.
最后两点都是改换环境的方式。前者帮助你写得更清晰（想象自己面对着新手），更客观全面（想象有不同意你的人）等等。后者有时候可以用来处理一些有大局和细节矛盾的问题。例如为官之时，纵然要顾全大局，却也不能引起民愤。所以某些做法是值得还是不值得就可以从两面来分析了。