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本帖最后由 ieyangj08 于 2010-2-4 13:19 编辑
同主题
pooh
disagree
1。开头
2.让步：专制国家是的 e.g. Hitler统治下的jewish, black people before emancipation
3过渡：民主国家是有选择的e.g. prectitioner, customers, students, 但是为什么还有人说无选择呢，分析如下
4一种情况是只有最有选择或可行选择 e.g学生期末考试
5一种是没有最满意的选择，但是仍可以有选择，不过不是最优的。e.g.election
6 总结，分为专制国家和民主国家来看。
According to our daily experience, we confront choices every day from the smallest things such as making a choice on what to do after we get up ,what to eat as daily meals to much more important like deciding to invest in which business or companies. Nevertheless/whereas people living in centraliztion countries may encounter many mandatory orders or restrained to laws which make them feel no choices. I contend that as long as the society that we live in is democratic, actually the circumstance of no choices is rare. 日常例子做铺垫引出主题，很新颖
First of all, I admit that in a centralized countries like Germany ruled by Hitler, ancient china, North Korea, and racial discrimination countries, populace sometimes lapse into no choice but to be obedient. The rulers or tyrants are prone to make his or her will to act as a standard of the whole society through the means of laws , other regulations. Though the forms of court, military, and legislations seem exist in every democratic countries, those of contralized countries are only at the service of the ruler or tyrants to limit the latitude of common people, sometimes even presumptuously arrest someone and throw into prison. Maybe the most obvious example that could help us understand the hardship of those who living under such circumstance is the Germany during the period ruled by Hitler. At that time Jewish people were massacred, in another word, if they went on stay within the boundary of Germany, their fate is to be killed and be deprived of the first and most important choice--to live. Another good example is the society of America before the emancipation of black people. Have they got choice to not be born as a slave ? No. From the day of they were born, they were sentenced to be subordinate to the white. I just exemplify two instant to indicate that in such countries which has no democracy , peoples choices are few and constrained, so they may now and then face no choices.
However, when it comes to democratic countries like the nowdays America, common people could enjoy their rights entitled by constitutions and laws, among which are the the rights of free religion, speech, exercise, assembly, petition , legislated and ensured by the Amendment 1-10--which makes the absence of choices very rare. People are facing choices everyday and they decide their lives up to themselves: practitioners starts their new business ,chooses a partner; customers have to decide which goods they will buy and which service they'll accept; students can study what they are insterested in. Even though, we still are able to hear someone complaint that they have no choice but to do something. Is that the case that they really have no way out? After further examination one could understand that even who claim they have no choice still have choices .
One case that people feel no other choice but to do something is the fact that they are in front of several options but there is only one that will benefit them most or only one is feasible while others either have disadvantages or infeasible. Consider, a student may say he or she has no choice but to work hard for the approaching exams. Nevertheless, the fact is that to preparing and be diligent is the best way out and will benefit him or her most ,at least heself or herself thinks so; otherwise, say, igoring the advent of exam will make him or her feel regretful after the unsatisfying result comes out. In this case, he or she does makes chocies, and there are at least two, to study or give up study, but there may be only a benefical one and feasible one.
Another situation is when there is no best choice , so that people are forced to pick an option from the available ones, but still they have choices. For instance, an electorate could find it hard to make a choice when all the candidates are satisfying, that is there is no such one that could completely represent his or her will. If he insist on his right to vote, the only way out is to vote for a candidate who's plan and action seem better than others. After all, he or she makes a decision among several choices though there is no best choice but a better one. Therefore, after the analysis, it is quite clear that even when people allege they have no chice there do are some choices in a democratic country.
To sum up, it is true that in some extreme cases like centrailized countries, people are sometimes forced to act out the will of the rulers. However, in a country of democarcy, most often choices are available in front of us. Though when confronting few cases people have a feeling of no chice, the reality is they've already made a decision.
文章构思新颖，展开详实。日常例子做铺垫引出第一大分类独裁和民主国家，继而解释民主国家没有选择的两种情况，短小篇幅内如此有致的结构很值得学习。全文832字，中间4段，逻辑严谨、例子恰当、语言流畅。
Lyon_Tony
Nowadays, people often complain that their circumstances and surrounding events provide them with little choice which renders them harder to survive. However, in my point of view, the absence of choice is a circumstance that is very rare. 常人认为，我与之相反，我的观点。
Our life experience is that we make choices and decisions every day. Common sense tell me that people have free will which is different from person to person, and therefore the diverse wills lead to diverse choices. In our personal lives, people choose their life styles, values, and environments. People of different personality prefers to different life styles. Solitary people prefer to a kind of tranquil life, social people prefer to an active life. In order to satisfy different people with different personality, the public provide us with different abiding places. The pre-requisition of winning a business is to investigate the people’s need and finally satisfy them. The society also provides nearly full-scale choices on some trivial commodities. When you walk into a supermarket, you are faced with hundreds of kinds of commodities in one class, such as beverage or chocolate. The competing businesses and the companies provide people a full-scale choice for the sake of running and prosperity. In academic fields, people can choose their interests diversely. It should be point out that nearly all kind of academic researches and studies are provided by our society or our education system. For instance, the podiatry, taxonomy, and orthodontics are so peculiar disciplines that many people had not heard of. However, still some people choose these disciplines as their professional choice. One exception which is less in choice must be listed out is the people in prison or people with mental or physical deficiency. 社会为我们提供了很多选择机会，该段略有偏题，可调整一下
The phenomenon of “no choice” is not due to the scarce alternatives but the punctilio of the thinking. One may feel to be trapped in job, nevertheless, the reality provide us numerous choices, it is just because they deem some choices are not attractive or even not feasible. A graduated student may be indecisive and vacillate in the employment market even if there are many vacancies, the only reason for this is that he or she excludes many choices for the sake of hunting a decent pay. A guest in a supermarket also indecisive for choosing a suit since he or she wants to pick out one low in price but high in quality. This phenomenon should be defined as “absence of decision” but not “absence of choice”. In an era of pragmatism, people should be agile but not hasty in choosing their careers and others. 无法决策而非没有选择，观点新颖
Only if the society gives enough respect to every one’s reasonable choice, the society is truly democratic. The society, especially the government should not secretly manipulate and prohibit any choice for their vested interests. Besides, the claim that we do not have free choice-serves seems to undermine the notions of moral accountability and human equality, which is the prerequisite of the survival of any democratic society. The society should provide enough choices and regard the public choices seriously. In this way, we can triumphantly march on the road of democracy. 政府不应限制任何合理的选择，这样才能真正民主
In the final analysis, despite the fact that we all experience occasional feelings of being trapped and having no choice, the statement of the speaker is fundamentally correct. I trust my conclusion that free will is an essential part of human beings, and, human are responsible for their choices.
观点很新颖，但总觉得有些偏，文章结构是否还可以再调整？
imong
On arguing that the absence of choice is an extremely rare circumstance, the author’s seduction has been on its half way to success. However, sophistication in the term “choice” does not help validate his wrongful assertion; hardly will anyone with a clear understanding in “choice” be persuaded by such misleading illusion. 好牛的开头
It seems reasonable to conclude that choice abounds if one turns to the cliché saying “we are making choices everyday”: it is common sense that one can choose being stuffed or starved in the morning before going to work, or similarly, to get dressed in this or that way. On seeing such circumstances (but no the nature of choice) some people fervently contends that choice almost exists everywhere, as the author does. After all, aren’t we making choices, to some extent, almost anywhere, anytime?
Nonetheless, underlying such inference is the assumption, or rather, the superficial definition of choice, indicating that choice simply means “one or others”. No one will miss to cast doubt on this shallow description: are such choices choices?
Far beyond the cursory portrait the author has taken for granted, choice in essence means to perform to one’s free will, which is fundamentally different from to perform by oneself. The real choice is so idealistic that it is seldom achieved. We make our own choices, to eat or to fast for instance, but not necessarily to our free wills (do we really want to do so or are we coerced?). The key point lies here. I encountered such a circumstance last year. Junior students in my department was told that they are going to take a variety of optional courses but it turned out that one student must pick seven out of only eight available in order to save minimal credits in optional courses to graduate! Does anyone consider seven out of eight a kind of choice on seeing that free will was nearly eradicated? This is a case to extreme, and less dramatic circumstances are so widespread and commonplace that our daily life becomes a documentary recording how our free wills are humiliated.
The absence of “making choices by oneself” is a circumstance that is very, very rare, while the absence of “making choices to one’s free will” is a circumstance that is extraordinarily prevalent. People are always in a situation just like a pile of paper to be stapled: they may choose, at most, the permutation as well as their position in the row, but no one can escape being bound up ------ regardless of whether they want to be so. More often than not, free will for escape is stifled in this way.
Thus, one can immediately recognize how naïve it is to propose a non-existent omnipresence of choice, or rather, how naïve it is to devaluate choice by saying so. Please stop saying that people are enjoying extensive choices when they are still coerced to choose. Those choices are never of real choices; real choices are very rare.
能实现人自由意志的选择才是真正的选择。文章思维深刻、句式熟练、表意流畅、精确。
吭哧吭哧啃啃
I agree with the speaker's claim that the circumstance of lacking choice is very rare. Sometimes, what we lack is the willing to find some other alternatives. Moreover, we, human beings, can appeal to the development of advanced science and technology when we are really in the dilemma of absence of another choice.
Admittedly, there are some circumstances that we cannot make any choice -- that is nobody can do anything other than accept the facts. We would never go very far to find the examples. The parents we go along with and the family we lived in is determined at the moment that we were born. It is impossible for us to choose the economy status of the family, the city and the country, developing or developed. However, just like the speaker claimed, the circumstances are very, very rare, compared with amounts of choice we have to make after we have consciousness and ability to choose what are benefit us. For example, we can freely choose the breakfast, the clothes at the most extent.
We always hear the phrase "I have no choice but to do". Is there really no choice existing in that circumstance? I concede that an available or easy choice may out of the catch of the complainer; however, I do not agree with that he or she is at the edge of absence of choice, especially for the people who waiting the opportunity falling down and the choice provided to him or her straightly. A student may fail his or her matriculation and get an offer dissatisfactory so that he or she may complain that there is no choice but to go to that school. Nevertheless, actually it is a gap between reality and his or her expectation that prevents him or her finding another choice. If he or she does the utmost to try and find, more choices will rise on the surface.
Moreover, people can have more choice than before because of the technology and science. For example, last century ago, living in the earth is the absolute unique choice for mankind because of the restriction of the nature laws. Nowadays, people can escape the gravity of earth after the discovery of gravity law by Newton and the technology of spacecraft. Therefore, it is reasonable to believe that mankind in the future will have more choices, such as living in the moon, eating space food and travel to other planets, and so on, all of which is unimagined 100 years ago. And from these changes, we can safely draw a conclusion that the range of choosing will enlarge with the development of science and technology.
In sum, the absence of choice is very, very rare. Sometimes what we should do is to try to find alternatives when we in the circumstance of lack of choice. And technology is an available way to enhance the chances of more choice to us.
syd
The daily activities that an individual participated in are actually made up of a series of choices. In other words, in order to keep alive, one must make his or her choice in the societal matters he or she confronted everyday. However, these choice, according to my consideration, is under most situations limited, that is to say, an individual actually have no choice, or little choice in his or her everyday life.
The first point I am trying to make is that people are frequently forced to make their choice. In Freud’s perspective, the ego of an individual is not positive but destructive, but in a institutionalized society, its residents have no choice but to conform to the law and the customs. Or, they will go into trouble. In addition, to maintain one's existence and to survive, one must conform to numerous restrictions. In the great Asian economic depression the last century, many companies had to lay off employees, and the employees were unpleasant at their lowered pay. However, no one would choose to leave the companies, as they knew they had no choice but stay, or they will die of hunger. This illustrates that if an individual wants to survive the challenges and hardships of the society, their choice, and the only choice is to conform, which actually prevent them from the real process of choosing.
Secondly, human beings are easily got into their habit. Consequently, when people are given a variety of options, the final judgment and choice is quite dependent on their habits. Sometimes it seems that there are many choice for an individual to choose from, however, the final choice is the one that best corresponds to his or her habit. This habit, in fact, prevents people from the real process of making choice. As the habit, as well as one's way of thinking is formulated by the society and government in their early days, most of which are influenced by their education and their surroundings, their choices tend to be the same one that best cater for the society and best identify the perspective of the majority. It is common that when people are given alternative choice and their usual choice, they tend to choose the latter, thus making the former in vain, and their choices are absent. J.P.Satre, the great French philosopher, the pioneer of Existentialism, pointed out in his famous essay-"Existentialism is Humanism", that people should refrain from the habits formed by their daily life and choose freely from a variety of options. He said that conforming to one's habit is conforming to the customs and restrictions that formed the habit, and to seek freedom, an individual should give away his or her habit and make the choice objectively. However, few people can understand him, the majority still prefer their habits and formed way of thinking.
To sum up, as stated above, the absence of choice is a circumstance that is very common because of human beings' conformity to the restrictions posed by the society and their formed way of thinking. In contrast, the existence of a variety of choices is very, very rare, as only a few people, such as Satre, know how to make their own choices which are independent of the society and customs.
happyman2000
I fundamentally disagree with the speaker on the argument that the absence of choice is a circumstance that is very, very rare. When people make their choices, what they should take into consideration is not simply their free will, but also all kinds of objective constraints and conditions that can greatly affect their decisions and behaviors.
In the first place, people are subject to the constraints of all kinds of material conditions when they make individual choices. Obviously, one must firstly consider whether the economy and the science in his/her time can afford what he/she desires for. No one can choose, for example, to make a private tour in the moon, no matter how wealthy and powerful he/she may be. Moreover, people differ greatly in their knowledge, intelligence, private wealth and other personal conditions, which determine that they must take all these personal distinctions into their consideration when making choices. Anyone who earns only two thousand dollars per month is certain to have no possibility to purchase some highly expensive luxuries; likewise, a student with comparatively poor intelligence and academic performance, of course, will be refused by some famous universities such as the Stanford, even if this student vehemently aspires to attend these universities. Last but not least, the degree of development in their nation can also impact a massive influence on individual choices. When the America can freely choose something that be viewed as the innate rights and possibilities of any individual, all of us are inclined to ignore such a shocking fact that most people in some backward developing countries are suffering from the serious shortage of food, medicines and other indispensable requisites. Therefore, it is completely ungrounded to utter that it is a very rare circumstance without choice.
Not only material conditions but also the state of democracy can play a significant role in determining people's choice. When people make their decision and determine to take actions, they must examine whether their thoughts and behaviors are consistent with the requirement of laws and other compulsory social norms in their nation. In this sense, any personal choice is bound to be scrutinized by the democratic environment in the society. The more advanced the democracy, the more possibility individuals would obtain to free choice. In some wealthy but totalitarian countries, although people can freely purchase the commodities that they want, they have no right to express their personal views about governments, political leaders and other public issues. Obviously, a democratic and tolerant social environment that results from the development of democracy is another prerequisite for free choice of people.
To sum up, personal choice is not simply a matter of individual decision and action; it is subject to many social constraints that are independent of individuals. In the nature of things, the material conditions and the development of democracy constitute the main concerns that people must seriously take into account when they decide to make choices.
feier521
Admittedly being limited by the resources and natural rules, the chance of choice is also limited in a small cycle. However, with the improvement of people's abilities and the development of technology and politics, the chance to choose can be accordingly increased to some extent. Therefore, I fundamentally agree with the speaker on the assertion that the absence of choice is a circumstance is very rare.
As social animals, people are unable to do anything arbitrarily outstepping the limit of their physical abilities, the laws of nature and social rules and regulations. For instance, no matter how high people can jump, they can not fly freely like a bird for the reason that any species, mankind included, can not escaped the rules of gravity; And no matter how fast people run, they can not surmount the speed of the light due to people's physical limitation. People's life process is also lacking the choice. We can not choose our parents. Children have to select the schools based on the previous performance in the junior schools. Within the restriction of social laws and regulations, it is illegal for a man to marry with two or more women. Even when we choose our career, our professional knowledge and skills and the potential roles that the society provides restrict our choices. All these examples demonstrate that human can not make a random choice outstripping the limitation of the natural disciplines and the established laws and rules of our society.
However, it does not follow that people are deprived of all chances to make a choice and therefore turn out to be pessimistic and even cynical. On the one hand, although both the physical and natural limitations hinder people making arbitrary choices, people can augment their chances of choice by self-improvement. For example, through rigid and scientific trains and exercise, athletes can hugely improve their potentials and break the previous records they made. Those job-hunters can enrich their faculties by digesting and assimilating an amount of special knowledge to make themselves qualified to as many fields as possible which provide them more working choice. Therefore, people themselves can to some extent increase the chances of choice by their own efforts.
On the other hand, with the development of economy and politics, the scale and the chance that people can make a choice are expanded accordingly. Nowadays people can safely live in almost any circumstance, no matter how hot or cold, by equipping with the air-conditioners in their homes which was only unrealized dream for our ancestors. And the advanced traffic vehicles make people travel almost every corner all over the world while those in the ancient periods can seldom walk out of their nation. As for political field, more and more people can take part in policy-making nowadays, while it is impossible for our forefathers who were deprived of almost all political rights in the autocratic nations. From these changes, we can safely draw a conclusion that the range for choosing are coordinately inclining with the development of the economy and democracy.
In conclusion, although people can only make choices within the limitation of their own abilities and the laws of the nature, they can change it by self-improvement or personal efforts, and meanwhile the advanced technology and the opening democracy can also grant them various chances of choice. |
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楼主: ieyangj08
发表于 2010-2-1 16:03:35
1.why港大 2.why MIPA3.时政类问题
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