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[主题活动] 【甚解小组】【TASK 1】AW Intro 读后感 FROM 周九 [复制链接]

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发表于 2011-1-21 18:22:20 |只看该作者 |正序浏览
本帖最后由 周九 于 2011-1-29 11:52 编辑

看了好多经验贴,练习册之后猛然发现,AW Intro才是王道,所以要细细读一遍,隔一段时间要重新读一遍,来确保自己依然奔驰在正确的路线上。专业的游泳运动员,每天也依然要进行基础姿势练习,来确保作出最有效的划水动作,只要中间停顿几天,每个人的泳姿都会稍失标准,而多了很多自己的特色小动作。反复阅读AW Intro,希望他是我脑袋的游泳教练~~

一楼一页,挨页分析,蓝色为关键字,绿色是自己的笔记~

Page 1

An Introduction to the Analytical Writing Section of the GRE General Test

Task 1:
Present Your Perspective on an Issue


Task 2:
Analyze an Argument


一个是Present,一个是Analyze~一个是让表明观点,一个是让分析
已有 1 人评分声望 收起 理由
紫陌纤尘o0 + 5 大赞觉悟~

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发表于 2011-3-2 23:09:30 |只看该作者
又认真拜读过一次,留名
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周九 + 2 小照mm~么么

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发表于 2011-2-15 01:45:48 |只看该作者
今天小组讨论argument逻辑链之后,再看aw intro,感觉有新的收获,留名~~~睡醒来改帖子~~~
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荣誉版主 Sagittarius射手座 寄托优秀版主 GRE斩浪之魂 AW作文修改奖 枫华正茂 魅丽星 爱美星 德意志之心

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发表于 2011-1-29 14:12:49 |只看该作者
过来膜拜
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周九 + 2 cafe,hello~

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我更年期提前我自豪...凸(‵′)凸
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发表于 2011-1-29 12:53:12 |只看该作者
昨天急着出去,就另开了一贴,把这些transitional words粘上了,为在车上看,今天整理过来~~
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发表于 2011-1-29 12:52:07 |只看该作者

鉴于argument当中明确要求要有transitional words and phrases, 就找了以下这些


This page only provides a list of transitional words; be certain you understand their meanings before you use them. Often, there exists a slight, but significant, difference between two apparently similar words. Also remember that while transitions describe relationships between ideas, they do not automatically create relationships between ideas for your reader. Use transitions with enough context in a sentence or paragraph to make the relationships clear.

Example of unclear transition:

The characters in Book A face a moral dilemma. In the same way, the characters in Book B face a similar problem.

Improved transition

he characters in Book A face a moral dilemma, a contested inheritance. Although the inheritance in Book B consists of an old house and not a pile of money, the nature of the problem is quite similar.

Examples of Transitions:

Illustration

Thus, for example, for instance, namely, to illustrate, in other words, in particular, specifically, such as.

Contrast

On the contrary, contrarily, notwithstanding, but, however, nevertheless, in spite of, in contrast, yet, on one hand, on the
other hand, rather, or, nor, conversely, at the same time, while this may be true.

Addition

And, in addition to, furthermore, moreover, besides, than, too, also, both-and, another, equally important, first, second, etc., again, further, last, finally, not only-but also, as well as, in the second place, next, likewise, similarly, in fact, as a result, consequently, in the same way, for example, for instance, however, thus, therefore, otherwise.

Time

After, afterward, before, then, once, next, last, at last, at length, first, second, etc., at first, formerly, rarely, usually, another, finally, soon, meanwhile, at the same time, for a minute, hour, day, etc., during the morning, day, week, etc., most important, later, ordinarily, to begin with, afterwards, generally, in order to, subsequently, previously, in the meantime, immediately, eventually, concurrently, simultaneously.

Space

At the left, at the right, in the center, on the side, along the edge, on top, below, beneath, under, around, above, over, straight ahead, at the top, at the bottom, surrounding, opposite, at the rear, at the front, in front of, beside, behind, next to, nearby, in the distance, beyond, in the forefront, in the foreground, within sight, out of sight, across, under, nearer, adjacent, in the background.

Concession

Although, at any rate, at least, still, thought, even though, granted that, while it may be true, in spite of, of course.

Similarity Or Comparison

Similarly, likewise, in like fashion, in like manner, analogous to.

Emphasis

Above all, indeed, truly, of course, certainly, surely, in fact, really, in truth, again, besides, also, furthermore, in addition.

Details

Specifically, especially, in particular, to explain, to list, to enumerate, in detail, namely, including.

Examples

For example, for instance, to illustrate, thus, in other words, as an illustration, in particular.

Consequence or Result

So that, with the result that, thus, consequently, hence, accordingly, for this reason, therefore, so, because, since, due to, as a result, in other words, then.

Summary

Therefore, finally, consequently, thus, in short, in conclusion, in brief, as a result, accordingly.

Suggestion

For this purpose, to this end, with this in mind, with this purpose in mind, therefore.

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发表于 2011-1-27 02:20:07 |只看该作者
写完咯~啦啦啦啦~哇哈哈~
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发表于 2011-1-27 02:18:51 |只看该作者

PAGE 29

Score Level Descriptions

Although the GRE Analytical Writing measure contains two discrete analytical writing tasks, a single combined score is reported because it is more reliable than is a score for either task alone.

The reported score, the average of the scores for the two tasks, ranges from 0 to 6, in half-point increments.

The statements below describe, for each score level, the overall quality of analytical writing demonstrated across both the Issue and Argument tasks. Because the test assesses "analytical writing," critical thinking skills (the ability to reason, assemble evidence to develop a position, and communicate complex ideas)
weigh more heavily than the writer's control of fine points of grammar or the mechanics of writing (e.g., spelling).

收获:critical thinking skills到底是什么from etsthe ability to reason, assemble evidence to develop a position, and communicate complex ideas。另,critically thinking skillscontrol of language 重要

SCORES 6 and 5.5 – Sustains insightful, in-depth analysis of complex ideas; develops and supports main points with logically compelling reasons and/or highly persuasive examples; is well focused and well organized; skillfully uses sentence variety and precise vocabulary to convey meaning effectively; demonstrates superior facility with sentence structure and language usage but may have minor errors that do not interfere with meaning.

就是上边评分标准的总结嘛

SCORES 5 and 4.5 – Provides generally thoughtful analysis of complex ideas; develops and supports main points with logically sound reasons and/or well-chosen examples; is generally focused
and
well

organized; uses sentence variety and vocabulary to convey meaning clearly; demonstrates good control of sentence structure and language usage but may have minor errors that do not interfere with meaning.

SCORES 4 and 3.5 – Provides competent analysis of complex ideas; develops and supports main points with relevant reasons and/or examples; is adequately organized; conveys meaning with reasonable clarity; demonstrates satisfactory control of sentence structure and language usage but may have some errors that affect clarity.

SCORES 3 and 2.5 – Displays some competence in analytical writing, although the writing is flawed in at least one of the following ways: limited analysis or development; weak organization; weak control of sentence structure or language usage, with errors that often result in vagueness or lack of clarity.

SCORES 2 and 1.5 – Displays serious weaknesses in analytical writing. The writing is seriously flawed in at least one of the following ways: serious lack of analysis or development; lack of organization; serious and frequent problems in sentence structure or language usage, with errors that obscure meaning.

SCORES 1 and .5 – Displays fundamental deficiencies in analytical writing. The writing is fundamentally flawed in at least one of the following ways: content that is extremely confusing or mostly irrelevant to the assigned tasks; little or no development; severe and pervasive errors that result in incoherence.

SCORE 0 – The examinee's analytical writing skills cannot be evaluated because the responses do not address any part of the assigned tasks, are merely attempts to copy the assignments, are in a foreign language, or display only indecipherable text.

SCORE NS – The examinee produced no text whatsoever.

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发表于 2011-1-27 02:05:23 |只看该作者
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发表于 2011-1-27 01:51:28 |只看该作者
本帖最后由 周九 于 2011-1-29 12:45 编辑

PAGE 28


GRE Scoring Guide: Analyze an Argument


_____________________________


Score 6


A 6 paper presents a cogent, well-articulated critique of the argument and conveys meaning skillfully.


issue 6分哇。


A typical paper in this category


clearly identifies important features of the argument and analyzes them insightfully


确认important features, 分析要insightful


develops ideas cogently, organizes them logically, and connects them with clear transitions


重大发现,clear transitions 竟然是明文要求的


effectively supports the main points of the critique


demonstrates control of language, including appropriate word choice and sentence variety


demonstrates facility with the conventions (i.e., grammar, usage, and mechanics) of standard written English but may have minor errors


_______________________________________


Score 5


A 5 paper presents a generally thoughtful, well-developed critique of the argument and conveys meaning clearly.


A typical paper in this category


clearly identifies important features of the argument and analyzes them in a generally perceptive way


从insightfully降到generally perceptive


develops ideas clearly, organizes them logically, and connects them with appropriate transitions


要求降到说得清楚,从clear transitions 变成 appropriate transitionsclear竟然比appropriate级别高,啧啧~


sensibly supports the main points of the critique


effectively sensibly~


demonstrates control of language, including appropriate word choice and sentence variety


demonstrates facility with the conventions of standard written English but may have minor errors


___________________________________


Score 4


A 4 paper presents a competent critique of the argument and conveys meaning adequately.


A typical paper in this category


identifies and analyzes important features of the argument


找出来就好,其他就不奢求了


develops and organizes ideas satisfactorily but may not connect them with transitions


没有transitions如此降分。。。


supports the main points of the critique


demonstrates sufficient control of language to express ideas with reasonable clarity


generally demonstrates control of the conventions of standard written English but may have some errors


___________________________________


Score 3


A 3 paper demonstrates some competence in its


critique of the argument and in conveying meaning but is obviously flawed.


A typical paper in this category exhibits ONE OR MORE of the following characteristics:


does not identify or analyze most of the important features of the argument, although some analysis of the argument is present


只分析一点,是不行的


mainly analyzes tangential or irrelevant matters, or reasons poorly


没有抓住主要矛盾,不行;理由差,不行


is limited in the logical development and organization of ideas


offers support of little relevance and value for points of the critique


lacks clarity in expressing ideas


contains occasional major errors or frequent minor errors in grammar, usage, or mechanics that can interfere with meaning


_______________________________________


Score 2


A 2 paper demonstrates serious weaknesses in analytical writing.


A typical paper in this category exhibits ONE OR MORE of the following characteristics:


does not present a critique based on logical analysis, but may instead present the writer's own views on the subject


own view是大忌,正好和issue相反,issue一定要名气own position


does not develop ideas, or is disorganized and illogical


provides little, if any, relevant or reasonable support


has serious problems in the use of language and in sentence structure that frequently interfere with meaning


contains serious errors in grammar, usage, or mechanics that frequently obscure meaning


___________________________________


Score 1


A 1 paper demonstrates fundamental
deficiencies in both analysis AND writing .


A typical paper in this category exhibits MORE THAN ONE of the following characteristics:


provides little or no evidence of the ability to understand and analyze the argument


provides little or no evidence of the ability to develop an organized response


has severe problems in language and sentence structure that persistently interfere with meaning


contains pervasive errors in grammar, usage, or


mechanics that result in incoherence


_______________________________________


Score 0


Off topic, in a foreign language, merely copies the topic, consists of only keystroke characters, or is illegible, blank, or nonverbal.


_______________________________________


NS


Blank


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发表于 2011-1-27 01:05:48 |只看该作者
本帖最后由 周九 于 2011-1-29 12:40 编辑

PAGE 27


GRE Scoring Guide: Present Your


Perspective on an Issue


________________________________


Score 6


A 6 paper presents a cogent, well-articulated analysis of the complexities of the issue and conveys meaning skillfully.


A typical paper in this category


presents an insightful position on the issue


立意要有深度


develops the position with compelling reasons and/or persuasive examples


reasons and examples


sustains a well-focused, well-organized analysis, connecting ideas logically


有重点,结构好,连接注意逻辑性


expresses ideas fluently and precisely, using effective vocabulary and sentence variety


词汇生动,句子结构多变


demonstrates facility with the conventions (i.e., grammar, usage, and mechanics) of standard written English but may have minor errors


_______________________________


Score 5


A 5 paper presents a generally thoughtful, well-developed analysis of the complexities of the issue and conveys meaning clearly.


skillfully 变成了clearly


A typical paper in this category


presents a well-considered position on the issue


不要insightful了,只要well-considered


develops the position with logically sound reasons and/or well-chosen examples


同样从insightful下降到logically soundwell-chosen


is focused and generally well organized, connecting ideas appropriately


logically appropriately


expresses ideas clearly and well, using appropriate vocabulary and sentence variety


precise 变成appropriate,但句子依然要求variety


demonstrates facility with the conventions of standard written English but may have minor errors


5分和6分的总体差别,就吃从insightful 降到比较好,比较合理,precise也变成了appropriate,看来5分的要求就是不求新奇,但求合理准确。


________________________________


Score 4


A 4 paper presents a competent analysis of the issue and conveys meaning adequately.


competent adequately,足够就可以了


A typical paper in this category


presents a clear position on the issue


只要清楚就行,不用有思想,不用经过反复思考


develops the position on the issue with relevant reasons and/or examples


降低到relevant,不用有说服力了,连逻辑上的合理性都可以有所降低



is adequately focused and organized


足够关注就好


expresses ideas with reasonable clarity


适度清楚,不用完全clear



generally demonstrates control of the conventions of standard written English but may have some errors


大体上语言标准,有小错也是可以接受


___________________________________


Score 3


A 3 paper demonstrates some competence in its analysis of the issue and in conveying meaning but is obviously flawed.


A typical paper in this category exhibits ONE OR MORE of the following characteristics:


is vague or limited in presenting or developing a position on the issue


看来看去,观点竟然如此重要,一定要清晰表明自己的立场


is weak in the use of relevant reasons or examples


is poorly focused and/or poorly organized


has problems in language and sentence structure that result in a lack of clarity


话都说不明白


contains occasional major errors or frequent minor errors in grammar, usage, or mechanics that can interfere with meaning


______________________________


Score 2


A 2 paper demonstrates serious weaknesses in analytical writing.


A typical paper in this category exhibits ONE OR MORE of


the following characteristics:


is unclear or seriously limited in presenting or developing a position on the issue


provides few, if any, relevant reasons or examples


is unfocused and/or disorganized


has serious problems in the use of language and sentence structure that frequently interfere with


meaning


contains serious errors in grammar, usage, or mechanics that frequently obscure meaning


_______________________________________


Score 1


A 1 paper demonstrates fundamental
deficiencies in analytical writing skills.


A typical paper in this category exhibits ONE OR MORE of


the following characteristics:


provides little or no evidence of the ability to understand and analyze the issue


provides little or no evidence of the ability to develop an organized response


has severe problems in language and sentence structure that persistently interfere with meaning


contains pervasive errors in grammar, usage, or mechanics that result in incoherence


_______________________________________


Score 0


Off topic, in a foreign language, merely copies the topic, consists of only keystroke characters, or is illegible, blank, or nonverbal


学习如何表达这些词,恩~


_______________________________________


NS
Blank



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发表于 2011-1-26 23:56:39 |只看该作者
本帖最后由 周九 于 2011-1-29 12:37 编辑

PAGE 26




Argument Topic


Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument.

TOPIC:


Six months ago the region of Forestville increased the speed limit for vehicles traveling on the region’s highways by ten miles per hour. Since that change took effect, the number of automobile accidents in that region has increased by 15 percent. But the speed limit in Elmsford, a region neighboring Forestville, remained unchanged, and automobile accidents declined slightly during the same six-month period. Therefore, if the citizens of Forestville want to reduce the number of automobile accidents on the region’s highways, they should campaign to reduce Forestville’s speed limit to what it was before the increase.


题目要求的很明确,讨论how well reasoned~

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发表于 2011-1-26 23:51:46 |只看该作者
本帖最后由 周九 于 2011-1-29 12:37 编辑

PAGE 25





Sample Test


The Graduate Record


Examinations®


Analytical Writing 2


ANALYZE AN ARGUMENT


30 minutes


You will have 30 minutes to plan and write a critique of an argument presented in the form of a short passage. A critique of any other argument will receive a score of zero. Analyze the line of reasoning in the argument. Be sure to consider what, if any, questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and, if evidence is cited, how well it supports the conclusion.

You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what additional information might help you better evaluate its conclusion. Note that you are not being asked to present your views on the subject. GRE readers who are college and university faculty will read your critique and evaluate its overall quality,
based on how well you


identify and analyze important features of the argument

organize, develop, and express your critique of the argument

support you critique with relevant reasons and examples

• control the elements of standard written English

Before you begin writing, you may want to take a few minutes to evaluate the argument and to plan a response. Be sure to develop your ideas fully and organize them coherently, but leave time to read what you have written and make any revisions that you think are necessary.

这个考试要求里面,感觉信息量还是很大哇。首先,说明a critique of an argument analyze 什么,a line of reasoning,(由此想到,仅仅抓住数据不放,过着一点两点不放,是不行的,那不是line,是point)

之后,要求务必要涉及到两点,一是关于questionable assumption,一个是evidence cited

另外,讨论切入点,什么样的证据能增加或者反驳论证what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument,可以做什么样的改变what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, 需不需要什么附加信息 what additional information might help you better evaluate its conclusion.

再次强调,不要写什么,your views on the subject,不要出现。

考察点:
确认并分析此argument的重要特色,所以开头有个综合评估应该是被期望看到的。
a critique 包括的步骤,organize, develop, and express.
可以引用相关reasons and examples, 但前文说过,引用的目的是为了support,所以不需要弄一堆,这不是考察项目,不加分。
书面语。
最后强调,要fully developcoherently organize
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发表于 2011-1-26 19:05:14 |只看该作者
本帖最后由 周九 于 2011-1-29 12:35 编辑

PAGE 24

Issue Topic Choice


Present your perspective on one of the issues below, using relevant reasons and/or examples to support your views.

TOPIC 1:


“Both the development of technological tools and the uses to which humanity has put them have created modern civilizations in which loneliness is ever increasing.”

TOPIC 2:


“Our declining environment may bring the people of the world together as no politician, philosopher, or war ever could. Environmental problems are global in scope and respect no nation’s boundaries. Therefore, people are faced with the choice of unity and cooperation on the one hand or disunity and a common tragedy on the other.”

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PAGE 23

Sample Test


The Graduate Record


Examinations®


Analytical Writing 1


PRESENT YOUR PERSPECTIVE ON AN ISSUE


45 minutes


You will have 45 minutes to plan and compose a response that presents your perspective on a topic you select. A response on any topic other that then one you select will receive a score of zero. You will have a choice between two Issue topics. Each topic will appear as a brief quotation that states or implies an issue of general interest. You are free to accept, reject, or qualify the claim made in the topic, as long as the ideas you present are clearly relevant to the topic you select. Support your views with reasons and examples drawn from such areas as your reading, experience, observations, or academic studies.
Before you make your choice, read each topic carefully. Then decide on which topic you could write a more effective and well-reasoned response. GRE readers who are college and university faculty will read your response and evaluate its overall quality, based on how well you
consider the complexities and implications of the issue
organize, develop, and express your ideas about the issue
support your ideas with relevant reasons and examples
control the elements of standard written English
You may want to take a few minutes to think about the issue you have chosen and to plan a response before you begin writing. Be sure to develop your ideas fully and organize them coherently, but leave time to read what you have written and make any revisions that you think are necessary.
题目要求,再次强调了重要的几点,如果response,可以acceptrejector qualify reasons examples一起出现,来源可以是 reading, experience, observation, or academic studies
issue complexitiesimplicationorganizedevelop and express the idea; 英语要用标准书面语。
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