奶男的草莓酱拌饭组旁听作业

单眼皮vs肿眼皮UID：2705887

联想的叫ideapad好不好！ 29# dairyman

dairymanUID：2683905

issue7出现了点翻译问题
video是无法让我们切身感受被拍摄者的心理动向的，而written record则可以帮助我们了解书中人物或者作者是如何感受的。这句的翻译。窃以为这句是整个issue的要点之一，但是我实在是翻译不出来……
Can the video tell audience what exactly the person in the screen is thinking about? Not this time unless the technology can make everyone feel the feeling of this very person as the way a writing work may use to help us understand the person when we are reading.（我自己又看了看，把自己都看糊涂了）问题出在：“切身”这个词上面。所以翻译切身的时候一定要注意语境什么的~

dairymanUID：2683905

1. What does documentation mean? (Definition) 1 2. What are the various features of definition? (Description) 1 3. What are the component parts of documentation? (Simple Analysis) 1 4. How is documentation made or done? (Process Analysis) 1 5. How should documentation be made or done? (Directional Analysis) 1 6. What is the essential function of documentation? (Functional Analysis) 1 7. What are the causes of documentation? (Causal Analysis)  1 8. What are the consequences of documentation? (Causal Analysis) 1 9. What are the types of documentation? (Classification) 1 10. How is vc like or unlike written record? (Comparison) 1 11. What is the present status of vc(written)? (Comparison) 1 12. What is the significance of vc(written)? (Interpretation) 1 13. What are the facts about X? (Reportage) 略1 14. How did X happen? (Narration) 略1 15. What kind of person is X? (Characterization/Profile)略 1 16. What is my personal response to the comparison of these two? (Reflection) 1 17. What is my memory of both? (Reminiscence) 个人感受可略1 18. What is the value of vc（written）? (Evaluation) 1 19. What are the essential major points or features of vc（written）? (Summary) 1 20. What case can be made for or against the comparison? (Persuasion)

里面重复内容大部分和documentation的定义和分类有关，后面的个人主观认识觉得应该少些，重在写出两个的特点，之后写对于不同的比较。这个文章一个关键词在于比较其重要性，因此对于问题理应延伸到其价值。评估应该包括现实时代，因为时间有限定，contemporary life，不过涉及历史对于写written的优点时是个很好的切入点（个人意见）

dairymanUID：2683905

Scandals—whether in politics, academia, or other areas—can be useful. They focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could."

1. What does scandal mean? (Definition)
1 a : discredit brought upon religion by unseemly conduct in a religious person  b : conduct that causes or encourages a lapse of faith or of religious obedience in another
2 : loss of or damage to reputation caused by actual or apparent violation of morality or propriety : DISGRACE
3 a : a circumstance or action that offends propriety or established moral conceptions or disgraces those associated with it  b : a person whose conduct offends propriety or morality
4 : malicious or defamatory gossip
5 : indignation, chagrin, or bewilderment brought about by a flagrant violation of morality, propriety, or religious opinion
2. What are the various features of scandal? (Description)
1
3. What are the component parts of scandal? (Simple Analysis)
是不是分为无聊的假八卦，还有真正的幕后丑闻
4. How is scandal made or done? (Process Analysis)
通过媒体进行公开，类似新闻，或者是通过调查，以文本形式公之于众
5. How should X be made or done? (Directional Analysis)
1
6. What is the essential function of scandal? (Functional Analysis)
其一是作为爆料，比如明星提高知名度，其二是实现信息对称的手段，防止有部分人企图愚民，类似让人民清楚知道政府在做什么
7. What are the causes of scandal? (Causal Analysis)
因为大家有了解真实情况而非仅仅是表面情况的right和desire
8. What are the consequences of scandal? (Causal Analysis)
首先是大家能了解情况，其次是造成很多误解，被人有目的地无中生有
9. What are the types of X? (Classification)
1
10. How is the way scandal focus our attention like or unlike speaker（reformer）? (Comparison)
1
11. What is the present status of scandal? (Comparison)
首先是一种娱乐形式，其次是一种披露形式
12. What is the significance of X? (Interpretation)
1
13. What are the facts about X? (Reportage)
1
14. How did scandal happen? (Narration)
被发现，被披露，由于是丑闻，所谓好事不出门，坏事传千里……
15. What kind of person is X? (Characterization/Profile)
1
16. What is my personal response to scandal? (Reflection)
区别对待，看其是什么样的丑闻
17. What is my memory of scandal? (Reminiscence)
政治范畴我喜欢尼克松和克林顿的丑闻，体育方面比如菲利普斯吸大麻
18. What is the value of X? (Evaluation)
1
19. What are the essential major points or features of X? (Summary)
1
20. What case can be made for or against X? (Persuasion)
结束，里面重复内容和无用问句基本忽略，大体思路出来了
先看后半句，scandal有其他形式所无法匹敌的优点，宣传快。大家都对这种糗事很有兴趣，但是这个东西怎么描写呢，重点说人的猎奇心理？以后再说……
然后看前一句，后一句和前一句是没有因果的，所以不需要多说，重点是通过后半句对于scandal与人的内在联系，进而阐释一下scandal的分类，让大家对scandal有客观认识--可能这个是真的，可能只是噱头。那么再表述一下scandal是否真的有用。

dairymanUID：2683905

政治类：

8、"It is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public."

17"There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws."

20"National governments should devote more of their social programs and services to children than to adults."

44"Government should not fund any scientific research whose consequences, either medical or ethical, are unclear."

45"Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carrying out the will of the people whom they serve."

56"Governments should focus more on solving the immediate problems of today rather than trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future."

69"Government should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development"

79"Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts, who are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public."

82"Government should never censor the artistic works or historical displays that a museum wishes to exhibit."

83"Government should preserve publicly owned wilderness areas in their natural state, even though these areas are often extremely remote and thus accessible to only a few people."

97"It is unfortunate but true that political decisions and activities affect all aspects of people's lives."

101"Governments should provide funding for artists so that the arts can flourish and be available to all people."

105"The true strength of a country is best demonstrated by the willingness of its government to tolerate challenges from it's own citizens."

123"It is possible to identify a person's politics within a very short time of meeting him or her. Everything about people—their clothes, their friends, the way they talk, what they eat—reflects their political beliefs."

149"The most practical and effective way to protect wilderness areas is to attract more tourists to these areas through environmentally sensitive projects."

167"It is impossible for an effective political leader to tell the truth all the time. Complete honesty is not a useful virtue for a politician."

169"Those who treat politics and morality as though they were separate realms fail to understand either the one or the other."

174"Laws should not be rigid or fixed. Instead, they should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places."

178"It is possible to pass laws that control or place limits on people's behavior, but legislation cannot reform human nature. Laws cannot change what is in people's hearts and minds."

193"It is not the headline-making political events but the seldom-reported social tranformations that have the most lasting significance."

195"The goal of politics should not be the pursuit of an ideal, but rather the search for common ground and reasonable consensus."

202"Unlike great thinkers and great artists, the most effective political leaders must often yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise."

224"Censorship is rarely, if ever, justified."

stupidsteveUID：2704849

35# dairyman
奶水叔罕见非水贴...

StefanaUID：2143510

好久没回来了，看望下。

dairymanUID：2683905

issue 119科技类"When research priorities are being set for science, education, or any other area, the most important question to consider is: How many people's lives will be improved if the results are successful?"

按步骤解析一下issue，先看关键词吧
research，priority，will be improved，successful
二十问很无敌，但是我觉得还是先来开开自己的思路吧，基本遵循二十问那种刨根问题的方式，但是问题是我自己临时想的，对于解题思路有帮助的问句
1.priority是什么？优先权,优先顺序。
2.为什么要提出priority？因为在research中经费紧张啊，人员紧张啊，时间紧张啊，谁先谁后就显得挺重要，因为谁先就说明大家强调谁，看重谁。举个例子，issue里面有这么个题目，说现在存在的问题和将来的问题，这两个先解决哪个才好。比如我们是应该研究怎么预防AIDS或者找解决办法呀，还是先把现在的经济困难顶过去。这样，谁先谁后就成为了一个讨论对象了，也是作者要说明的问题。（这个我之前思路错了，把priority当成privilege了……道歉）
3.为什么会产生对这种priority的质疑？其实就是说为什么要分清先后的问题，所谓事有轻重缓急，总有亟待解决的东西，如果碰头了，得分先后，和2重了……
4.在给出这种priority的时候以什么为衡量标准？是否该给予这项priority，应该看重什么？
这个其实是这个issue的重点，理清这个思路很重要！作者认为，只有researcher说明了这项研究一旦成功，能使很多人的生活有所改善，那么才能给予其priority
这里面有这几方面内容：
首先，什么叫successful？就是说，这项研究成功了是不是说明研究者得到了期望的答案了。很明显，research既有为了发明创造的，也有为了得到一个结果，而这个结果是未知的。研究成功了只能说明研究进行的顺利，进行到底了，那么其进行到底后的结果才是其能否获得priority的钥匙。
其次，people‘s lives be improved就是我们想要的research的结果么？明显不是，一个research本身是一个探寻过程，谁也说不准答案。可能探寻出来这个未知的东西是对人们有利，那么就继续利用，可能对人们有害，那么就告诫世人不要再往这里探寻下去了。research是什么一定要有一个很好的把握，不然这个题目可能容易理解地失之偏颇。
串一下作者的思路：如果想要priority，必须能说明这个research顺利进行到底以后对人们有改善，而且对多少人有改善是判断的标准，只对一小部分人有利就不该太轻易得给priority。（基本是这样的，反正我是这么理解的）
那么这里面大家有什么想法？research是为了干什么的？有些是对已知事务的深化发展，比如已经知道杂交水稻可以提高产量，那么我们得研究如何杂交才能提高的更多，我们来找理论依据和理论上的答案。同时，又有一些事务是我们未知的，我们为了想知道是否有必要深究，所以才进行research。在research刚开始就必须承诺successful以后能improve lives，不是很不通情理么？因此，我们理应换一个衡量条件，比如：是否是有利于社会才进行的此项研究。比如动物克隆来挽救濒危物种，大家是为了挽救才做的研究，并非是为了钱，为了其他（比如统治权）。人想行得正，先正思想才是王道~那么，有了为社会服务的大宗旨，再做起研究来，什么可以做什么不可以做，这些就是比较容易抉择的了，而给予研究者priority的原因就是，在无法得知结果的时候，如果尝试着实验是为了整个社会，那么尝试就有必要。

个人思路，亟待指正----by 乃公

dairymanUID：2683905

issue 88科技类“Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics.”

关键词：technologies，influence，determine， social customs and ethics
问题：
什么是social customs and ethics？这个是如何形成的，由什么决定的？科技对于我们的生活影响有多大？
下面就是来串串作者的思路了，not only but also，很明显是强调了also后面的内容。前半句，influencexxx，这个没准我同意：科技当然影响了我们的社会，在不知不觉中，没准也影响到了我们的风俗和道德取向。后半句，说是起决定作用，这个可就有问题了，因此我们需要知道什么是custom and ethic，知道了什么是这个，由谁决定则一目了然了。
社会风俗和道德，是如何形成的？是长久以来，由过去的习惯，风俗推延至今，夹杂着推陈出新的东西得来的这么些。比如说，我们的想法，那是处在这个社会中，我们的父辈，长辈潜移默化给我们灌输的：要尊老爱幼啦，过传统节日啊，等等等等。换句话说，现在的风俗，离不开过去的风俗，也离不开现在的现代化成分。裹脚一直以来是个传统，因为大家觉得小脚好看，后来大家又觉得这是摧残妇女，况且小脚也不好看，所以就不裹脚了。这个就是很好的例子，custom是随着时间有所变化的。那么ethic呢？道德，这个和风俗还不一样，具体怎么说，我还真不会说，这两个可以放在一起说，因为都是会变的：不仅有老的东西，还要融入新的东西。
再看technology，这个东西对于social activity影响可是深远了，由于有了各种现代化设施，我们的生活变化特别大，而这一切都得益于technology。

这个题目类似一个得寸进尺，分两部分论述是正理，基本就是这样，需要大家多开动脑筋想例子论证我们的生活~

dairymanUID：2683905

48The following appeared in a newspaper article published in the country of Corpora.
"Twenty years ago, one half of all citizens in Corpora met the standards for adequate physical fitness as then defined by the national advisory board on physical fitness. Today, the board says that only one quarter of all citizens are adequately fit and suggests that spending too much time using computers may be the reason. But since overall fitness levels are highest in regions of Corpora where levels of computer ownership are also highest, it is clear that using computers has not made citizens less physically fit. Instead, as shown by this year's unusually low expenditures on fitness-related products and services, the recent decline in the economy is most likely the cause, and fitness levels will improve when the economy does."

科技类的，这个小眼皮已经有思路分析了，而且分析的相当不错，但是我今天看了一下，突然又有一些想法，所以速度弄下来。不错，从内容来看确实是科技类的，因为涉及到电脑嘛，不过我突然想到了我做阅读时候的分类：新老观点对比，以及之后作者草率的出结论的1+1得寸进尺（不知道是不是）：it is clear that xxxxxx。 Instead，xxxxx
来分析结构和作者逻辑链：
（老观点）20years age，half of the citizens are physically fit。 today，only 25%。
    --》spending too much time using computers may be the reason
（新观点）fitness levels are highest in regions where levels of computer ownership are also highest
   --》结论一：it is clear that computer is not the cause
   --》结论二：由于我们发现健康产品和服务消费少了，那么我认为是这个原因导致不健康了，而消费少了是因为经济下滑了，所以economy decline 才是导致人们不健康的原因；而且，如果经济回升，健康也会回升

老观点能不能批驳？似乎不可以。别忘了argument是干嘛的，是让我们说明作者的结论为什么不可信的！！作者结论是什么？健康水平下降是因为decline in the economy，fitness will improve when the economy does。有些同学说了，那健康水平下降是个大前提，如果健康都没下降，作者这个就根本站不住脚。我觉得，的确如此，但是没必要这样，毕竟刚上来有些像背景知识分析，过分关注这个，容易捡了芝麻漏了西瓜啊……

assumption: computer ownership high=spending to much time
电脑拥有量高，没有调查spending time是否就一定高？∴没法说明健康水平与电脑拥有量之间的必然联系

眼皮这个分析的相当到位，偷换概念，相当经典的错误形式
其实这个还能继续分析，进行批驳。作者这时的结论是：

computer using hasn't made less physically fit

事实上，作者的结论一是：computer 不是健康下降的原因---从而进一步说明原因是经济问题。
那么我们应该把笔墨放在证明：无法证明computer与健康下降无关。
小眼皮说的对：电脑多不代表用的多，所以草率结论说和电脑使用无关是不合理的。

批驳作者结论二其实是大头，需要好好想想，因为里面暗含了两个因果关系，上面我写出来了。这两个逻辑链是需要重点批驳的，千万别把这两条漏了，当然也别只批驳了一条，没看出第二条来。
   1.健康问题是靠健康产品和服务来决定的么？更多的因素是人们的锻炼运动等等，product and service只是辅助功能（难道你能说，我买了一堆健身器材，办了一堆健身卡就能健康？）。所以说，作者认为健康产品消费少导致健康下降毫无根据。
   2.经济不景气，确实可能会影响人们的消费意向，消费的产品服务少了。但是经济好了就能刺激此类消费？即便是说消费产品和服务就一定能健康，我们也无法证明经济上升就一定使得大家消费的更多（尽管经济decline的时候可能会消费的少，这种传递关系逆推是不成立的，因为没有证据）

经济好转和健康水平没有必然联系，或许经济好转，人们更愿意花更多的钱和时间在computer上面，而不是花时间去健身。

这条也很好，用作者的逻辑来批驳作者的逻辑

done by---草木mm












假的，嘻嘻，done by---乃公

灿烂千阳灿烂UID：2538650

罕见整页全部非水，草莓酱加油~(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……

灿烂千阳灿烂UID：2538650

答楼主，就是你的草莓酱啊~

dairymanUID：2683905

42# 灿烂千阳灿烂
额，我的草莓酱mm和我的米饭mm，嘿嘿。其实我觉得对我说加油更好~

dairymanUID：2683905

Issue 11 "All nations should help support the development of a global university designed to engage students in the process of solving the world's most persistent social problems."

key words:should,global university,persisitent social problems

this is the kind of issue with the word "should".That means the major point is to show the author's opinion about certain things or situations.In the topic,the author mainly points out that first, all nations should support kind of a global university and second, all these attemptments are aimed in the process of solving the world's most persistent social problems.

To show the logic chain,the author gives the problem solving solution before mentions what is actually needed to be solved.
To make our own viewpoint,we may first write about whether these persistent social problems should be solved and then is this kind of process useful or practical to solve the certain problems.That is like 1+1,give somebody an inch and he'll take an mile.

So, to start with this issue ,we need to ask ourselves some questions, and after these questions we can look deep into the topic and get a more logical thought about it.
1,what is a global university really means?Does it mean the global university is designed to solve persistent social problems all around the world?
2,What is the functions of global university?
3.Should the world's most persistent social problems be solved ?In which way can these problems get solved?
4.If nations all should support global university,why? Is setting global university the only way?Does  setting global university get any advantage in solving them?

so my point is developed in three ways:to write this issue, we should consider whether it is necessary to support global university and whether it is useful to solve the world's most persistent social problems, besides,we should pay attention to the relationship between these two things:is the global university mainly means to solve this kind of problems?Can this kind of problems be solved in this way by setting global university better than others?

dairymanUID：2683905

110.The following appeared in a memo from the Principal of Sherwood Junior High School.

"It appears that the lighting in Sherwood High's classrooms, which have large windows but minimal overhead light sources, is impairing student academic performance and teacher morale. Records show that during December and January, the two months with the fewest hours of daylight, attendance rates fall, average daily class participation drops, and grades decline. Teacher resignations are also highest during these months. According to a study of Tundra Vocational School, which experiences entire seasons with little daylight, students' grade point averages increased when Day Glow light bulbs, which mimic sunlight, were installed in classrooms. This study suggests that Sherwood can improve students' academic performance and teachers' morale by using Day Glow light bulbs in winter."

The conclusion is :to improve students' academic performance and teachers' morale caused by the lighting, Day Glow light bulbs should be used in winter.

The logic chain of the author is following:

1.during December and January,attendance rates fall,average daily class participation drops,and grades decline.Teacher resignatons are also highest during these months.

2.because these are the months with the fewest hours of daylight,it must be the light sources that make all the results--impairing students academic perfomance and teacher morale.

3.what's more, from a study of Tundra Vocational School,it shows that little daylight problems can be solved by Day Glow light bulbs because the bulbs mimic sunlight.

4.the same action should be put to this High School to improve students' academic performance and teachers' morale.

to analysis this argument, we can simply give alternative explanations.

1.all the problems showed above in winter days may not be the possible result of minimal light resources.The weather,temperature can also affect people's behavior and morality.If the winter is cold,may be simply keep the classroom warm will be better for students' performance.Teachers' resignation also does not necessarily mean that they are suffering morale problems, may be it is related to the salaries.

2.the study in Tundra Vocational School cannot be taken as a precise proof.Maybe it is because the decline difficulty in exams that makes students get higher scores,so the grade point averages cannot represent the performance of students----there is no other evidence that students really do better.This study also does not show how teachers get improve in their morale.

3.Even if we assume that increasing light resources can improve students' and teachers' condition,we still do not get further information about whether the bulbs are useful in mimic the sun light.

4.Even though we admit that the bulbs can help improve all the conditions in Tundra Vocational School,we still cannot make the analogy that the High School can also benefit from this kind of bulbs.

done-----