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本帖最后由 bairong 于 2015-7-28 19:34 编辑
超时了,自己写得有点绕,王老师和互改小伙伴帮着看看吧,谢谢~
Argument 54) Humans arrived in the Kaliko Islands about 7,000 years ago, and within 3,000 years most of the large mammal species that had lived in the forests of the Kaliko Islands had become extinct. Yet humans cannot have been a factor in the species' extinctions, because there is no evidence that the humans had any significant contact with the mammals. Further, archaeologists have discovered numerous sites where the bones of fish had been discarded, but they found no such areas containing the bones of large mammals, so the humans cannot have hunted the mammals. Therefore, some climate change or other environmental factor must have caused the species' extinctions.
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
The author argues that the large mammal species' extinctions have been caused by certain climate change or other environmental factor instead of humans influence. Three assumptions the author based on that lack of contact between humans and the mammals, the discovery of bones of fish but no bones of large mammals, and the cause of climate change or other environmental factor need to be further discussed.
第二句的句子结构有问题
To begin with, the author assumes that humans lack of any apparent contact with the mammals shows that humans have little to do with the extinctions of mammals. Yet humans could cause the species' extinctions without direct contact with the mammals. Possibly since humans arrived in the Kaliko Islands, their habitation made a great effect on the previous mammals inhabited regions. For example, humans might capture fish as their main food source, which was the most important prey of the mammals. Thus most fish were eaten by people and the mammals unfortunately died of hungry although humans did not directly kill or had any significant contact with them.
Possibly since - it is possible that
哺乳动物吃鱼?
hunger
humans lack of any apparent contact- human's
原题说的是没有证据 而不是这件事没发生 没证据并不一定代表没发生 可能是证据找不到 这个点好像应该写一下
至于你这里说的可能间接影响 也成立 但是可能要放到后面去
或许不必具体说鱼被人吃了 也许是小动物 或者 植物 总之食物链被破坏了
Besides, the author suggests that the discovery of bones of fish but no bones of large mammals indicates that the humans cannot have hunted the mammals, which is based on a hasty assumption. There is a large possibility that the bones of mammals have been taken by humans for religious purpose or used for making tools, weapons, structures and so forth. The bones of mammals might also be taken by other animals for many reasons, such as birds using the bones to defend their nests. So the absence of mammals' bones cannot convince us that the humans have scarce contact with the mammals.
这里的assumption是什麽 你没说出来
It is further assumed that humans must leave the mammals' bone on the sites if they hunted them.
large possibility的搭配 以及这里不能说机会很大 只能说有这种可能性
小鸟用大型哺乳动物的骨头防御鸟窝 汗 惊人的想象力
have scarce contact with the mammals. -这里应该hunted 要忠实原题的意思
Moreover, the author asserts that climate change or other environmental factor results in the mammals' extinctions. It is based on an assumption that the mammals cannot weather in the shift climate or other environmental change. We are not informed from the passage about any clues of the trend of climate or environmental change during the 7000-year period of time or the situation of other animals and humans in the Kaliko Islands. We need to know the difference of climate or other environmental condition between within 7000 years and within 3000 years when the number of mammals started to decrease. Perhaps the climate condition already became more clement than before and the mammals couldn’t possibly fail to accustom to the climate change. We should also know other animals and humans surviving situation during the given period of time. If other animals and humans all can live in the terrible climate or environmental condition, the cause of mammals’ extinctions might not totally blame to the climate or environmental change but links to other unfounded clues.
weather in the shift climate or other environmental change.
weather这里做动词?后面不能跟介词吧
感觉这个assumption不太合适
作者得出最后这个结论的思路是
既然A不是原因 那就一定是B 这里的假设应该是 可能的原因只有A和B 所以我们可能讨论其他原因C 比如人类对环境的影响间接导致extinction等等
你这一段到底想说啥 有点看(懒)不(得)懂(看)
In conclusion, the author’s argument is based on some untested assumptions. And we need more information to examine the evidence. If these assumptions do not hold true, the conclusion will be not accepted. (483)
修改后The author argues that the large mammal species' extinctions have been caused by certain climate change or other environmental factor instead of humans influence. Three assumptions of the argument about lack of contact between humans and the mammals, the discovery of bones of fish but no bones of large mammals, and the cause of climate change or other environmental factor need to be further discussed.
To begin with, the author assumes that lack of evidence about any apparent contact between humans and the mammals shows that humans have little to do with the extinctions of mammals. And this is based on the assumption that the absence of evidence about contact means no such contact. However, since the possible contact would have occurred from 7000 years ago to 4000 years ago, many traces left for the contact might have simply disappeared over the long period of time. On the other hand, humans could cause the species' extinctions without direct contact with the mammals. It is possible that humans arrived in the Kaliko Islands, their habitation made a great effect on the previous mammals inhabited regions. For example, humans might capture small animals as their main food source, which was the most important prey of the mammals. Thus the food chain in the Kaliko Islands was damaged, and the mammals might be suffered by the shortage of food although humans did not directly kill or had any significant contact with them.
Besides, it is further assumed that humans must leave the mammals' bone on the sites if they hunted them. But there exists a possibility that the bones of mammals have been taken by humans for religious purpose or used for making tools, weapons, structures and so forth. The bones of mammals might also be taken by other animals for many reasons, such as birds using the bones to defend their nests. So the absence of mammals' bones cannot convince us that the humans have not hunted the mammals.
Moreover, the author asserts that climate change or other environmental factor results in the mammals' extinctions. It is based on an assumption that if the extinctions of large mammals were not caused by humans, it must be resulted from climate change or other environmental factors. But maybe the human settlement in the Islands was the main cause of the dramatic changes in climate or environment that would ultimately lead to the extinctions of the large mammals. If this is true, the arrival of humans would still be considered as a significant factor for the extinctions of large mammals.
我这段是想说大型哺乳动物的灭绝不是气候变化造成的。老师说的对AB以外的C原因这样写比较好。改了。
In conclusion, the author’s argument is based on some untested assumptions. And we need more information to examine the evidence. If these assumptions do not hold true, the conclusion will be not accepted.
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