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[未归类] 0910G[Splendid Sun]第三次作业 BY 家家 [复制链接]

家家☆yoonjae
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电梯直达

楼主

发表于 2009-6-28 21:52:00 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

不知不觉第三次作业了。。。=。=。。。感觉比之情神清气爽地多啊~ 嘿嘿

先上A吧，再次鸣谢66，我要对得起人家的劳动。

A 149. The following is a memorandum from the director of personnel to the president of Get-Away Airlines.

"Since our mechanics are responsible for inspecting and maintaining our aircraft, Get-Away Airlines should pay to send them to the Quality-Care Seminar, a two-week seminar on proper maintenance procedures. I recommend this seminar because it is likely to be a wise investment, given that the automobile racing industry recently reported that the performance of its maintenance crews improved markedly after their crews had attended the seminar. These maintenance crews perform many of the same functions as do our mechanics, including refueling and repairing engines. The money we spend on sending our staff to the seminar will inevitably lead to improved maintenance and thus to greater customer satisfaction along with greater profits for our airline."

Outlines:

1. First of all, the crucial element need to be considered when a enterprise or a department decide to issue an investment which is ‘budget’, but the author didn’t mention anything about the charge.

2. On the second place, we need to consider if the investigate is cogent or effective enough under the specific situation of Get-Away Airlines because those participants who attended 3.the seminar may be preliminary mechanics but ours are senior ones.

3. On the third place, as we all known, customer satisfaction is not uniquely decided by the hardware facilities’ quality, conversely, customers care more about the service attitude in most cases.

Believe your believes, that's it.

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家家☆yoonjae
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沙发

发表于 2009-6-28 21:52:53 |只看该作者

Argument 167
A folk remedy* for insomnia, the scent in lavender flowers, has now been proved effective. In a recent study, 30 volunteers with chronic insomnia slept each night for three weeks on lavender-scented pillows in a controlled room where their sleep was monitored. During the first week, volunteers continued to take their usual sleeping medication. They slept soundly but wakened feeling tired. During the second week, the volunteers discontinued their medication. As a result, they slept less soundly than the previous week and felt even more tired. During the third week, the volunteers slept longer and more soundly than in the previous two weeks. This shows that over a short period of time lavender cures insomnia.

*A folk remedy is usually a plant-based form of treatment common to traditional forms of medicine, ones that developed before the advent of modern medical services and technology.

Grounding on the continual ameliorating of insomnia from the experiments which those volunteers with chronic insomnia participated, the author argues that over a short period of time lavender cures insomnia. It seems the author let the facts speak themselves, but we can easily find out that there are several flaws in the process of author’s inference.

Fundamentally, the author ignores the effect of those volunteers’ usual sleeping medication and overemphasizes the effect of lavender deliberately. Although we can see those volunteers, who subjected to experimental procedures, slept longer and more soundly from the second week to the third one, how can the author explain the reason of them slept less soundly and felt even more tired from the first week to the second one? We can clearly find out the facts, the author mentioned in his argument, showed those volunteers slept less soundly and felt more tired once they discontinued their usual insomnia medication since the second week began, it’s absolute reasonable for us to suspect that the result was caused by the discontinuation of medication because the only changed factor was the volunteers’ usual medication. However the author seems fully forgot this phenomenon which really appeared during the experimental procedures, but concluded his conclusion merely based on the change of the last week. Strictly according to the rule of research, people should consider every possibility which probably to appears, much less those had appeared already. Based on the fault of hasty generalization, the author’s conclusion is apparently lack of credibility.

Furthermore, the author skipped the procedure of offering the specific situations of trial subjects, the 30 volunteers with chronic insomnia, which must be extremely important information to us. Based on our medical common senses, there are a huge amount of reasons that can be accused for insomnia; thus, we cannot simply generalize all people who suffer the insomnia in the same treatment. The study which the author cited might be aimed at special type insomnia sufferers, just like overpressure, over panic, or too grief-stricken and etc. those acquired not innate cases, be used to prove the general effect of curing insomnia was not such suitable. The data of those volunteers who as trial subjects in this experiment is essential, the conclusion might be totally toppled down since the author skipped this issue.

In addition, it is also irrational for the author deducing the period of time lavender cures insomnia is short. Even if we admit the author’s sentences are real and correct and lavender is really effective of curing insomnia, how can he come to this “short”? Those volunteers indeed slept longer and more soundly at the third week than in the previous two weeks, but this data cannot steady show they are cured because the author didn’t offer any comparison between those volunteers and healthy people. Moreover, if those volunteers stopped using such kind of pillows in the following weeks, what are the consequences? We cannot see any evidence the author offers. It’s another obvious flaw in the author’s words.

In short, the author offers insufficient and less credible evidences to support his conclusion. More comparisons and more explanations need be done if he wants to ameliorate his argument. Only based those words which he was argued, the conclusion had less credibility.

Believe your believes, that's it.

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家家☆yoonjae
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板凳

发表于 2009-6-28 21:53:25 |只看该作者

A 180. The following is a recommendation from the personnel director to the president of Acme Publishing Company.

"Many other companies have recently stated that having their employees take the Easy Read Speed-Reading Course has greatly improved productivity. One graduate of the course was able to read a five-hundred-page report in only two hours; another graduate rose from an assistant manager to vice president of the company in under a year. Obviously, the faster you can read, the more information you can absorb in a single workday. Moreover, Easy Read costs only $500 per employee—a small price to pay when you consider the benefits to Acme. Included in this fee is a three-week seminar in Spruce City and a lifelong subscription to the Easy Read newsletter. Clearly, Acme would benefit greatly by requiring all of our employees to take the Easy Read course."

Outlines:
1.First of all, the personnel director argues that Acme would benefit greatly by requiring all of our employees to take the Easy Read course, the evidence which he offers is not such cogent because the two persons he mentions in the recommendation are both special cases, how about the average level of those participants?
2.Secondly, we need to compare the other companies’ trades, because different kind of company require different staff facilities.
3.Third, we need to consider the "all of our employees", why should all of them take the course?

Believe your believes, that's it.

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家家☆yoonjae
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地板

发表于 2009-6-28 21:53:49 |只看该作者

241The following appeared in a memo at the XYZ company.

"When XYZ lays off employees, it pays Delany Personnel Firm to offer those employees assistance in creating resumes and developing interviewing skills, if they so desire. Laid-off employees have benefited greatly from Delany's services: last year those who used Delany found jobs much more quickly than did those who did not. Recently, it has been proposed that we use the less-expensive Walsh Personnel Firm in place of Delany. This would be a mistake because eight years ago, when XYZ was using Walsh, only half of the workers we laid off at that time found jobs within a year. Moreover, Delany is clearly superior, as evidenced by its bigger staff and larger number of branch offices. After all, last year Delany's clients took an average of six months to find jobs, whereas Walsh's clients took nine."

Outlines:
1.The author argued those laid-off employees benefited a lot from Delany but he didn’t offer any data of specific positions those Delany helped them found. Found a job more quickly didn’t mean a lot for the laid-employee to find a suitable one and get pretty payment, the author didn’t illuminate the essential information of those jobs’ details.
2.It’s irrational for the author to reject the proposal according to the fact which happened 8 years ago. As the increasingly development of the human society, we should treat every issue in a developing viewpoint. Without investigating the latest situation of Walsh, it’s unfair to deny the probability of Walsh’s marked improvement.
3.The reasons the author argued for Delany was clearly superior were not such cogent. The bigger staff and larger number of branch offices can only support more faculty and better hardware facilities but lack of showing better benefits which they can offer to the XYZ Company, much less Delany charges more than Walsh.
4.The comparison results of these two companies’ achievements last year which the author cited to assert Delany doing better are still lack of convincing. If Walsh could find better positions and more pretty payments for their clients, then it can definitely satisfy them even took a little bit longer time.

Believe your believes, that's it.

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5楼

发表于 2009-6-28 21:55:15 |只看该作者

119. "When research priorities are being set for science, education, or any other area, the most important question to consider is: How many people's lives will be improved if the results are successful?"
当我们为科学、教育或任何其他领域确定研究优先权时，要考虑的一个最重要的问题就是：如果研究获得成功, 多少人的生活会因此而得到改善。

As the increasingly rapid development of technology in contemporary human society, people now are experiencing earth-shaking changes. Science, education and some other areas which relate to technology play more and more important role in current human life, thus, those researches in such areas are always being given priorities. Some claim that how many people’s lives will be improved if the results are successful need to be primarily considered when research priorities are being set, otherwise, priorities may be irrational. This argument sounds quite reasonable, but in fact it should not be so simple to come to the conclusion.

Fundamentally, we should clearly recognize those researches which are awarded priorities must have far-reaching effects in the process of human developing even these effects are not reflected in the short term. It is extremely meaningful for us to clear that there are two kinds of researches, basic research and applied research, of different functions in the scientific world. Basic research is carried out to increase understanding of fundamental principles; many times the end results of such researches have no direct or immediate commercial benefits that mean people’s lives cannot be simply improved by these works. However, in the long term it is the basis for many commercial products and applied research. In other words, without basic research, we cannot achieve ultimate success. Thus, basic research should be paid sufficient attention and priorities even though there is no close connection between it and the improving of people's livelihood; this is from a long-term view of social and human development. The new president of U.S, Barack Hussein Obama, promises will double the funding on basic research in the future decade. He asserts that the United States is facing the challenges of high-tech areas, the future situation may be more severe, because the amount of American students who want to engage in technology-related occupations is declining. As basic research is mainly carried out by universities, Obama believes that to deal with this challenge, government needs to increase investment in educational infrastructure and to start propagandizing from school. He claims a clear claim of attaching great importance to basic research which stands in view of the overall situation and development.

By contrast, applied research, research accessing and using some part of the research communities' (the academy's) accumulated theories, knowledge, methods, and techniques, for a specific, often state, commercial, or client driven purpose, is much more likely to be the “research” those arguers cited in their argument. This kind of research always closely relates with people's daily lives and driven by specific applied goals. However, we still cannot decide to arrange priorities simply by the amount of affected people, we should treat the problem in a developmental viewpoint and balance the interests of all parties in the most rational way. Education problem is quite typical; majority of nations in the world nowadays realize that education is the foundation of a country because the nation’s destiny is doubtless in the hand of next generation, the better education they receive, the better rewards they repay the society and the better nation they can construct. But people find out that both of illiteracies and university graduates face the same unemployment problem in the global financial crisis now, the situation of university graduates might be more difficult because they refuse to do those manual labors. Then, should the governments revoke the priorities once laid on education? The answer is definitely “NO”.

In summary, as the high-technology plays an increasingly important role in people's lives, and the strength of science and education as important components of the nation, it’s absolutely necessary for governments to set some priorities for those significant scientific research projects and educational projects which can help to achieve sustainable development and harmonious & civilized society.

Believe your believes, that's it.

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6楼

发表于 2009-6-28 21:56:55 |只看该作者

30"The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people's efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time."
技术进步的主要目标是提高人们的效率，使得每个人都有更多的闲暇时间。

这篇废掉了。。。毛写。。ORZ。。。只有中文提纲。。还是初稿。。【扶额擦汗】
提纲：显然本题讨论的是技术进步的主要作用。
1.首先必须肯定的是，技术进步毫无疑问提高了人们的效率，不论是可以通过电子手段分析处理大量数据的工作效率，还是汽车、飞机跟移动电话本质上都是不断的提高人们的生活效率，但是随之而来的，人们的工作量也在相应的增大，顺应着能者多劳的规律，人们完成的工作量也是以前的数十倍甚至数百倍，闲暇的时间并不会因为整体生活节奏的加快而增多。由于科技的进步，人们探索未知世界的能力也越来越强，能够探索宇宙的范围也越来越广（从美国阿波罗号第一次登陆月球到而今中国神舟七号载人飞船实现太空行走），科技让许多在过去显得不可思议的事情变得触手可及，因此人们的生活也变得越发的精彩和复杂，有越来越多的秘密等待人们去发掘，有越来越多的事情等待人们去完成，即使技术提高了人们的效率，却不会增加人们的闲暇时间。
2.其次，科技的进步虽然没有特别明显地使每个人有更多的闲暇时间，但是毫无疑问为人们提供了更为舒适和便捷的生活。
3.科技发展是双刃剑，利弊并存，人们应该扬长避短，将科技的优点发挥得更好的同时合理规避科技的缺点。

Believe your believes, that's it.

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家家☆yoonjae
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7楼

发表于 2009-6-28 21:58:06 |只看该作者

218"In order for any work of art—whether film, literature, sculpture, or a song—to have merit, it must be understandable to most people."
艺术作品要有价值，不管是电影、文学还是歌曲，都必须让大多数人能够理解。

As the increasingly development of science and technology, the rhythm of contemporary social life is becoming more and more quickly, although we have much more tight schedule than past, we pay more and more attention to improving and ameliorating our lives. Thus, an increasingly amount of people concern those aesthetic things such like those works of arts. We can hear some public argues that work of art must be understandable to most people if in order to have merit. Such way of saying probably leads a wrong direction of public opinion; we should analyze merits of those works in a more comprehensive and rational way.

Fundamentally, work of art has typical character of the period of time; it is the outcome of the author’s value, talent, innate wisdom, experience and his understanding and viewpoint of the whole society, which includes immanent values and merits the artist contributed. As the work of art is definitely a kind of production of the period, its characters reflect the characteristic phenomena, culture, public viewpoint and people’s features of the special period. Thus, those people who live in the same period with the author can understand his compositions better and get his ideas more precisely than those who live in another period in the history. Such like Mark Twain, U.S. humorist, novelist, writer, also well-known orator, and the outstanding representatives of the late 19th century American literary realism, whose representative full-length novel "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn", with deep and spicy style, lampoon and expose the mammonish fever as the prevalence of plague in the United States, the dark social reality, barbarous racial discrimination and inhuman. Those persons who lived in late 19th century America could learn from their own experiences which help them deeper understanding the literary work while the other persons might treat the story just as a story. Thereby, we cannot simply judge the merits of those aesthetic works by the popularity or understanding of most at one time.

In addition, the merits of works of art might be hidden or concealed when they just came out. The artist who has outstanding talent and forward looking aptitude may manifest something not such acceptable or understandable for the publics in his compositions; consequently, those works were probably be ignored or paid less attention, even be accused or suffered horrible criticism, however, with the passing of time, those merits which included in the works will be revealed. The American musician, Charles Ives, can be the typical instance; he amalgamated those compositions of classical music and ear-piercing sound of the non-concord together for developing his own original style of music, but this musical style was almost absolutely rejected by those people who lived in the same period of time with him. Nevertheless, Charles Ives is now recognized as the fabulous reformer who foreshadowed the second half of the 20th century of musical development.

Furthermore, some classical and abstract arts, which be understood by few persons but seems extremely abstruse in the eyes of public, are definitely have some merits even less understandable. Such kinds of arts enrich the categories of arts; make arts more diversified and integrated. Allow more artistic forms and artistic styles appear that is meaningful for human culture and further development. Abundant artistic ways can meet more people’s spiritual needs and make the whole human society more harmoniously.

To sum up these points we mentioned above, it’s obvious for us to find out that simply judge the merits of aesthetic works by the degree of understandable to people is frowned upon. We should treat artistic compositions in a more circumspect and generous way and encourage artists create more original works.

Believe your believes, that's it.

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8楼

发表于 2009-6-28 21:59:10 |只看该作者

190. "As long as people in a society are hungry or out of work or lack the basic skills needed to survive, the use of public resources to support the arts is inappropriate—and, perhaps, even cruel—when one considers all the potential uses of such money."
当人们挨饿、失业或者缺少维持生存的基本技能时，动用公众资源来支持艺术就不合适了，也许，考虑到这些金钱的所有可能用途时，就更不人道了。

Outlines:
1.First of all, we should clearly recognize that material needs is the foundation of human society and cannot be satisfied by meeting spiritual needs, this is the objective law of nature. We should respect this discipline then achieve further development. When there are some people in a society are hungry or out of work or lack the basic skills needed to survive, the government doubtless has responsibility to support those people’s livelihood; otherwise, it gives rise to social unsteadiness and people’s panic. People can focus on constructing better society and better nation, raising aesthetic abilities and enriching themselves, etc., only after their basic material needs is satisfied. It’s absolutely that African refugees would ask for improving their material life in a higher voice compare with ask for improving their spiritual life.
2.Nevertheless, we cannot generalize all cases oversimplify. A small part of the community of people who suffer from hunger, unemployment or lack of basic skills to survive, should not be overemphasized the impact of the whole social resources arrangement. As the spiritual needs of human society is the built-in incentive which to stimulate human progress and further development, if the government just concern about the needs of material life of the public, then the disadvantageous consequent, such like short-sighted, excessive pursuit of material enjoyment and lack of aspirations, might be aroused. The material need is the foundation of human lives as well as the spiritual need is the foundation of human development.
3.The government should allocate the public resources in a more scientific and comprehensive way which stands in view of the whole social development, furthermore, the government should balance the public material needs and spiritual needs, otherwise the social progress would be stuck at last. Satisfaction of sufficient material life will bring stability and safety feeling to individuals; meanwhile, enjoyment of fabulous spiritual life will enrich their common lives. The nation’s authority class always leads the direction of advance of the whole nation, thus, the higher level of the authority class, the better society can be achieved.

Believe your believes, that's it.

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9楼

发表于 2009-6-29 02:46:35 |只看该作者

家家和我一样有个只有中文初稿的ISSUE咩。。。

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lucarl
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10楼

发表于 2009-6-30 03:39:14 |只看该作者

呃，家家我打听一下，你们这作业一下布置多少篇啊。。。怎么多。。。

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11楼

发表于 2009-7-2 19:56:10 |只看该作者

4I 4 A。。。算多么=。=

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12楼

发表于 2009-7-2 20:44:06 |只看该作者

Grounding on thecontinual ameliorating of insomnia from the experiments which thosevolunteers with chronic insomnia participated, the author argues thatover a short period of time lavender cures insomnia. Itseems the author let the facts speak themselves,(这句话，额。。我看着有点别扭)but we can easily find out that there are several flaws in theprocess of author’s inference.

Fundamentally, theauthor ignores the effect of those volunteers’ usual sleepingmedication and overemphasizes the effect of lavender deliberately.Although we can see those volunteers, whosubjected to experimental procedures, slept longer and more soundlyfrom the second week to the third one, how can the author explain thereason of them slept less soundly and felt even more tired from thefirst week to the secondone?（是不是可以精简下，言下之意就是虽然这些实验者实验过程blabla的……但是你发现没？中间的slept等词语重复太多了，有点审美疲劳的感觉，而且有绕。。）We can clearly find out thefacts, the author mentioned in his argument, showed those volunteersslept less soundly and felt more tired once they discontinued theirusual insomnia medication since the second week began, it’sabsolute reasonable for us to suspect that the result was caused bythe discontinuation of medication because the only changed factor wasthe volunteers’ usualmedication.（似乎感觉有同样的问题，这段你是强调作者偏袒那枕头的功效，但怎么说呢，我觉得可以精简下，重复的reason和soundly看来看去总觉得有点疲劳的感觉）However the authorseems fully forgot this phenomenon which really appeared during theexperimental procedures, but concluded his conclusion merely based onthe change of the last week. Strictly according to the rule ofresearch, people should consider every possibility which probably toappears, much less those had appeared already. Based on the fault ofhasty generalization, the author’s conclusion is apparently lack ofcredibility.

Furthermore, the authorskipped the procedure of offering the specific situations of trialsubjects, the 30 volunteers with chronic insomnia, which must beextremely important information to us. Based on our medical commonsenses（commonsense）,there are a huge amount of reasons that can be accused for insomnia;（reasons？没了？囧。。我还好期待有几个maybe或者probability）thus,we cannot simply generalize all people who suffer the insomnia in thesame treatment. The study which the author cited might be aimed atspecial type insomnia sufferers, just like overpressure, over panic,or too grief-stricken and etc. those acquired not innate cases, beused to prove the general effect of curing insomnia was not suchsuitable. The data of those volunteers who as trial subjects in thisexperiment is essential, the conclusion might be totally toppled downsince the author skipped this issue.
（点是觉得找对了，缺乏对比和其他的详细数据，但感觉论证力度不够，一个reasons能概括一切么？而且后面的举例个人感觉有点乱，需要理清一下。可以写成可能的原因->结果这种模式）

In addition, it is alsoirrational for the author deducing the period of time lavender curesinsomnia is short. Even if we admit the author’s sentences are realand correct and lavender is really effective of curing insomnia, howcan he come to this “short”? Those volunteers indeed slept longerand more soundly at the third week than in the previous two weeks,but this data cannot steady show they are cured because the authordidn’t offer any comparison between those volunteers and healthypeople. Moreover, if those volunteers stopped using such kind ofpillows in the following weeks, what are the consequences? We cannotsee any evidence the author offers. It’s another obvious flaw inthe author’s words.

In short, the authoroffers insufficient and less credible evidences to support hisconclusion. More comparisons and more explanations need be done if hewants to ameliorate his argument. Only based those words which he wasargued, the conclusion had less credibility.

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