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[未归类] 0910G[Splendid Sun] 第三次作业 By Grace；Issue30，218成文 [复制链接]

Grace13
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电梯直达

楼主

发表于 2009-7-12 15:16:12 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

本帖最后由 Grace13 于 2009-7-15 11:37 编辑

哈哈哈哈，终于补回了一期作业，很有成就感的是，完成了生平第一篇I和A
嗯嗯。。第一次的速度有点慢，我回尽快把欠下的作业全部赶回来的！~~~
大家一起加油：）

I30：The primary goal of technology advancement should be to increase people`s efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time.

When you get used to the scene that thousands of hundreds of products are outputting on the assembly-lines, shifting from Beijing to New York using less than a whole day by air, having conversations with your business partner regardless of the time and space, what will you sigh with emotion? The rapid development of technology increased our expectations for it; maybe we should sometimes stop our steps and ponder about the primary goal of it.

No one will deny the increasing efficiency technology has brought us human beings, acting as the main power of development of societies. For instance, automation, which can streamline the production and guarantee the safety of certain tasks, has greatly improved manufacturing processes in many industries. Thus in many large modern plants, only few workers can be seen for that the production assemblies are automatically controlled by computers. And these similar phenomena, as reflection of the technological advancement, seem to greatly increase our leisure time. Firstly, the continual developments of new leisure goods by their very nature are time-consuming, just think about the radio, monopoly, television, videocassette, etc. And additionally, many time-saving products are freeing us from many human labors, or at least reducing the need for that, such as the housework. Moreover, since the technological progress will absolutely improve people’s living standards, people may desire to enjoy more leisure time.

However, empirical factors toppled down our illusion. It seems a paradox but is actually the reality that our efficiencies are much higher than ever before while our leisure time is increasingly diminishing. The greater our mobility becomes, the more and further our destinations is each day; the more facilities we own, the more things we are engaged each day; with much more convenient access to information, we feel augmented need to assimilate much more than before. Nowadays we are stimulated by the superiors, omnipresent competitors, and our boundless desires, which forced us to be on the go all days. Maybe we are leading a life our predecessors have dreamed for countless years, but unfortunately, as the cost we have to confront with endless challenges and intense pressure. Consequently, there appear various social problems like unemployment, resentment, high suicide rate, anti-social behaviors, etc.

Facing with these unexpected negative effects, we must meditate on our original intention of developing technology; maybe the improving of life quality should be our final destination. The development of technology is extensive，so should the goal setting for it, it is insane to narrowly limit the primary goal to the increasing of people’s leisure time. Instead, “improving life quality” has an abundant connotation, including the people’s physical and mental satisfaction, which covers a great range of concrete technology fields. We can detect some disease in its incubation period，cure the once fatal disease, lessen the pain by medical technology; share information without any obstacle, facilitate global communication using information technology; or creating a more snug living environment with the technology of architecture.

Technology, somewhat just like magic, can make lots of imagination which only existed in the old fairy tales into reality and thus make it more convenient for people to live, to explore the unknowns. But it should be controlled to avoid being a tremendous burden of our lives, for we human beings are the source and purpose of the technology.

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沙发

发表于 2009-7-12 15:26:08 |只看该作者

I218:In order for any work of art-- whether film, literature, sculpture, or a song-- to have merit, it must be understandable to most peoplt.

Can you understand Hegel? Have you ever found any similarities in the perspectives between you and Voltaire? Is there any moment, like a second, you feel your spirit connected with Sigmund Freud’s? Just like we can’t force these great thinkers to humble to us common people, the way to express feelings and sentiments can’t always be understandable to public. Thus, art is such a specialized way to express one’s experience of spirit that it can’t be limited by the standard of the numbers of accepters.

It’s putative that one may value the things within their reach of comprehending more than those beyond it, and that’s why you may stare at a celebrated abstract painting for a few seconds and then quickly withdraw your eyes undoubtedly. As a special way to get ideas across, aiming at establishing a new thought system, or stressing some existed opinions, it’s much more effective for a work of art to be accessible. For some obscure literatures, readers who are usually confused and alienated by the contents might well lack the persistence to taste out the merits inside, which as a result can just lie in the explanatory books quietly. If a work of art is made only for "somebody", how can the merits to be dig out and spread across?

However, there still exists numbers of precious art works understandable to limited people; maybe the expertise of different arts determined that. First, art itself is a subjective thing, one man’s work of art may probably mean nothing to another, and it is unnecessary to reach an agreement on every judgment. Moreover, some abstruse works may contain some complex background knowledge which requires a higher lever of cognition to savor. Additionally, art doesn’t equal our everyday life, many priceless art works are often of no practical use, let alone satisfy your physical needs. So many people have to make a selection, books of food, and usually life chooses the later for them. While the people concerned are not integrated, it’s unrealistic to attract most people’s attention to judge an art work’s value.

Every time has its specific mainstream, but artists can be the ones to break it, and that’s the reason why some artists` work lives longer than themselves. In the artists` time, he may belong to the minorities, but the trend of aesthetic is right after him. When the American musician Charles Ives amalgamated those compositions of classical music and ear-piercing sound of the non-concord together to create his own style of music, it was rejected by most people in his time. But now, he is recognized as the fabulous reformer who foreshadowed the second half of the 2oth century of musical development. When you are bewildered by some contemporary art works, try to appraise them in a future light.

Art is complicated, any efforts to simplify it will be proved in vain, and no one has the right to decide the merit of any particular artistic endeavor, whether he belongs to the majority or minority. If you can’t excavate the merits in"In Search of Lost Time" as you do in a pop song, you can still choose to believe and just esteem it.

这个里面我很无耻地偷了家姐那个艾夫斯的例子。。。找到新的了马上换！！

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板凳

发表于 2009-7-12 15:27:39 |只看该作者

119. "When research priorities are being set for science, education, or any other area, the most important question to consider is: How many people's lives will be improved if the results are successful?"

Undoubtedly, it is the basic and essential criterion to evaluate a certain research,especially in the application areas like economic.But this issue should not be decided merely based on directly visible profits it may bring us.
1.Science, especially in those areas of the fundamental theoretics, it is beyond the intelligence of present-day humankind to evaluate the potencial values contained in the researches, which may not improve human lives in a short time, yet sometimes they eventually turn out to be milestones in the human history.
2.Most science areas are connected with each other, if we only consider the researches` direct advantage when setting priorities for them, it would result in a distorted knowledge structure of which over-emphasized application study based on a powerless basic theory research.
3.(转正)Science development should aim at improving human`s life quality, so it is unreasonable to spend limited social resources on some totally useless, even destructive technology.

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地板

发表于 2009-7-12 15:28:07 |只看该作者

190. "As long as people in a society are hungry or out of work or lack the basic skills needed to survive, the use of public resources to support the arts is inappropriate--and, perhaps, even cruel--when one considers all the potential uses of such money."

1.题目中的观点是符合人的需求层次的Maslow`s hierarchy of needs--physiological(breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion), safety, love or belonging, esteem, self-actualization. In Maslow`s hierarchy of needs, the higer level needs is manifests when lower level needs have been satisfied.

2.The implicit rationale behind the speaker’s statement seems to be that cultural enrichment pales in importance compared to food, clothing, and shelter.
但是这个说法也有很多例外
There are exceptions to every rule, so it is inevitable that there will be many to a theory. Though Maslow predicts that human beings will move up the hierarchy, satisfying one need before moving on, there are many examples in which this is not the case. Many artists and scientists, Van Gogh and Galileo for instance, suffered from mental illness, and yet were able to produce works that changed the world around them permanently, and intellectual giants such as Trachtenburg and Frankl, who developed new ways of doing arithmetic and psychology therapy respectively, perfected their achievements while suffering in concentration camps.
And Maslow himself also addressed some of there criticisms in his paper, Theory of Human Motivation. He explained that some people will put a need above others, such as self-actualization above physiological needs, when the lower need has been so neglected for a length of time that it becomes undervalued in the eyes of the person. He also ponders the possibility that a creative need, such as self-actualization, may in fact become a driving force because of the lacking felt in other needs.
所以我们要认识到艺术发展的重要性，不能一味地看重对人的基本需求的满足。

3.艺术的发展与满足人的基本需求并不矛盾，如何平衡二者的比例是关键。要从宏观上看待，小范围的饥饿、失业需要解决，但社会艺术的发展更需要重视。而且某些艺术形式的还能起到激励人心的作用，从而配合大范围的社会问题的解决。
Public resources should be allocated in a balanced way, considering the whole social development and the purpose to ensure people`s physically and mentally health.

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5楼

发表于 2009-7-12 15:29:44 |只看该作者

argument149.The following is a memorandum from the director of personnel to the president of Get-Away Airlines.

"Since our mechanics are responsible for inspecting and maintaining our aircraft, Get-Away Airlines should pay to send them to the Quality-Care Seminar, a two-week seminar on proper maintenance procedures. I recommend this seminar because it is likely to be a wise investment, given that the automobile racing industry recently reported that the performance of its maintenance crews improved markedly after their crews had attended the seminar. These maintenance crews perform many of the same functions as do our mechanics, including refueling and repairing engines. The money we spend on sending our staff to the seminar will inevitably lead to improved maintenance and thus to greater customer satisfaction along with greater profits for our airline."

This argument is presented in such a concerned and thoughtful discourse that for the purpose of leading to improved maintenance and greater customer satisfaction along with greater profits, the Get-Away Airlines should pay to send their mechanics to the Quality-Care Seminar unhesitatingly, while the evidences the author provides seem so questionable. Actually, the lack of cogency in this essay makes this suggestion less acceptable.

Firstly, the author begins with a "Non Sequitur" fallacy, for the responsibility of the mechanics doesn’t seem to have an intrinsic connection with the following proffer. The mechanics is so professional a field that they may probably have their specific channels to ameliorate their expertise, for instance, they may participate in a periodical training course, or just through a monthly magazine can they acquaint themselves with the latest technology. However, the two-week seminar mentioned in the argument sounds much less standard and authentic, and we can’t expect that seminar to have a far-reaching effect. And maybe the increase in frequency of the routine check is of greater use to guarantee the security of aircrafts.

Moreover, the author even failed to give a convincing reasoning for his suggestion. It is unwarranted to build an analogy between the maintenance of airplanes and the automobile racing, which differs in the organism, operating, function etc. Although there may exist some similarities in several facets of maintenance in these two industries, why don’t the crews take a more precise training class considering that the aircraft is closely bound up with countless people’s security of life? Thus, the author has too imprudent an attitude towards the stability of aircrafts.

Finally, the author seems to overvalue the significance of the mechanics. Better mechanics can ensure the advanced maintenance is a fact beyond controversy, but a common customer is unlikely to notice the operation state of the plane. The customer satisfaction usually depends on other factors such as the punctuality, the on-board service, the ticket price, the luggage handling procedure and even the discount level. Additionally, technological progress can’t certainly followed by the diminishing in maintenance cost. Instead, the advanced equipment is often likely to be much more expensive which requires an additional expenditure of the Airlines.

After all, few logical and empirical flows make the suggestion the author provided in the argument less convincing, even though the author provided it with good intensions. There might be other possible ways to enhance the quality of the mechanics instead of sending them to the Quality-Care Seminar.

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6楼

发表于 2009-7-12 15:30:48 |只看该作者

ARGUMENT167 - A folk remedy* for insomnia, the scent in lavender flowers, has now been proved effective. In a recent study, 30 volunteers with chronic insomnia slept each night for three weeks on lavender-scented pillows in a controlled room where their sleep was monitored. During the first week, volunteers continued to take their usual sleeping medication. They slept soundly but wakened feeling tired. During the second week, the volunteers discontinued their medication. As a result, they slept less soundly than the previous week and felt even more tired. During the third week, the volunteers slept longer and more soundly than in the previous two weeks. This shows that over a short period of time lavender cures insomnia.

*A folk remedy is usually a plant-based form of treatment common to traditional forms of medicine, ones that developed before the advent of modern medical services and technology

The argument presented above gives us an inspiring news. Based on a three-week study, of which 30 volunteers with chronic insomnia slept each night on lavender-scented pillows in a controlled room where their sleep was monitored, the author tells us a folk remedy for insomnia has been proved effective. Unfortunately, several questionable facets contained in this argument make it less convincing.

To begin with, the validity of the survey is open to doubt. The samples the author provides is insufficient to make the survey statistically reliable, 30 volunteers seems not to be good represents for the whole people, so how they response to the remedy is also not that compelling. Similarly, three weeks may be too short a time length for a medical experiment, for the results might be attributable to a particular environment and a particular period of time. So conspicuously, the author commits the insufficient sample fallacy for the hasty of generalization.

Even if we accept the numbers of volunteers and the length of the study, the content remains questionable. During the first week, the volunteers have taken their usual sleeping medication, whose effective term is not indicated, it is possible that the medication works after one or two weeks, so that the improvement of sleeping in the third week maybe due to these medication. Additionally, these volunteers might well be very fussy to the sleep environment, and the third week’s better sleep quality is due to the familiarity of the controlled room. Moreover, only the volunteers` sleeping condition is monitored, what they have done in the daytime is out of control, which absolutely will have a significant effect on their sleeping quality. With all these alternatives, how can we speculate that the lavender cures insomnia?

Anyhow, the conclusion can’t be made simply on the study above, whether it is cogent or not, for the volunteers concerned are people with chronic insomnia. Insomnia is so complicated that any special type of it can’t stands for the whole, and the author even failed to give a proper definition of insomnia, without which it is impossible to assess the strength of the argument. For instance, one important factor to justify whether someone has insomnia is the time it takes to be asleep, while this phenomenon is even not being recorded in the experiment above.

To sum up, the evidences the author give are lacking credibility, failing to support the conclusion that over a short period of time lavender cures insomnia. And maybe a more effective study should be conducted to test this folk remedy.

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7楼

发表于 2009-7-12 15:31:09 |只看该作者

180.The following is a recommendation from the personnel director to the
president of Acme Publishing Company.

"Many other companies have recently stated that having their employees take the Easy Read Speed-Reading Course has greatly improved productivity. One graduate of the course was able to read a five-hundred-page report in only two hours; another graduate rose from an assistant manager to vice president of the company in under a year. Obviously, the faster you can read, the more information you can absorb in a single workday. Moreover, Easy Read costs only $500 per employee-a small price to pay when you consider the benefits to Acme. Included in this fee is a three-week seminar in Spruce City and a lifelong subscription to the Easy Read
newsletter. Clearly, Acme would benefit greatly by requiring all of our employees to take the Easy Read course."

OUTLINE
1.The evidenve provided to support the view that taking the Easy Read Speed-Reading Course can greatly improve productivity is unconvicing, for the author just presented two special cases instead of the general situation. There’s no evidence showing that the success of the two persons is due to their training in the course, while other factors may induce their success such as persistence, honesty, probity, lucubration and the like.
2.And the premise that the faster you can read, the more information you can absorb is unwarrented, for the reading effect is not mentioned.
3.The author indiscreetly think that more information absorbed one day will absolutely result in the increasing of benefits, while that depends on many factors varies from position to position.So even if the Easy Read course can augment person`s reading productivity, there is no need to force all the employees to take it.

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8楼

发表于 2009-7-12 15:33:34 |只看该作者

241.The following appeared in a memo at the XYZ company.

"When XYZ lays off employees, it pays Delany Personnel Firm to offer those employees assistance in creating resumès and developing interviewing skills, if they so desire. Laid-off employees have benefited greatly from Delany's services: last year those who usedDelany found jobs much more quickly than did those who did not. Recently, it has been proposed that we use the less-expensive Walsh Personnel Firm in place of Delany. This would be a mistake because eight years ago, when XYZ was using Walsh, only half of the workers we laid off at that time found jobs within a year. Moreover, Delany is clearly superior, as evidenced by its bigger staff and larger number of branch offices. After all, last year Delany's clients took an average of six months to find jobs, whereas Walsh's clients took
nine."

OUTLINE
1．The situation over eight years ago is far from representative that can not be cited as evidence to evaluate whether the Walsh Personnel Firm is efficient or not. For job seeking involves more than efforts from job seekers and personnel companies but covers the prosperity and requirement of a specific industry as well as much more broadly, the whole economic situation.
2．Bigger staff and larger number of branch offices do not equal high efficiency. on the contrary, these factors might result in complex and tedious processes which decrease the efficiency in D.
3. The supporting fact that Delany`s clients took longer time to find jobs than Walsh`s last year fail to justify their excellence. Their clients may be consisted in a wide range of industried and each of them varies in its potentiality and requiring positions.

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