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Overview of the Analytical Writing Section

You will be given a choice between two Issue topics. Each states an opinion on an issue of broad interest and
asks you to discuss the issue from any perspective(s) you wish, so long as you provide relevant reasons and examples to explain and support your views.

Preparing for the Analytical Writing Section

•The responses were varied in content and in the way the writers developed their ideas.

Test-Taking Strategies for the Analytical Writing Section

Although an occasional spelling or grammatical error will not affect your score, severe and persistent errors will detract from the overall effectiveness of your writing and thus lower your score. 严重的重复的错误会损害文章的印象导致分数降低

How the Analytical Writing Section is Scored

Each response is holistically scored on a 6-point scale according to the criteria published in the GRE analytical writing scoring guides (see pages 27 and 28). 这次还没看到.下次注意看这里

Instead, readers assign scores based on the overall quality of the response, considering all of its characteristics in an integrated way. Excellent organization or poor organization, for example, will be part of the readers' overall impression of the response and will therefore contribute to the score, but

organization, as a distinct feature, has no specific weight. 结构虽然没有列在评分标准里,但是会影响读者的整体印象从而影响分数.

The scores given for the two tasks are then averaged for a final reported score. The score level

descriptions, presented on page 29, provide information on how to interpret the total score on the analytical writing section. The primary emphasis in scoring the analytical writing section is on critical thinking and analytical writing skills.

关于雷同的问题

Your essay responses on the analytical writing section will be reviewed by ETS essay-similarity-detection software and by experienced essay readers during the scoring process. In light of the high value placed on independent intellectual activity
within United States graduate schools and universities, ETS reserves the right to cancel test scores of any test taker when there is substantial evidence that an essay response includes, but is not limited to, any of the following:

• text that is substantially similar to that found in one or more other GRE essay responses;

• quoting or paraphrasing, without attribution, language or ideas that appear in published or unpublished sources; 没有注明出处的引用

• unacknowledged use of work that has been produced through collaboration with others without

citation of the contribution of others;

• essays that are submitted as work of the examinee when the ideas or words have, in fact, been

borrowed from elsewhere or prepared by another person.

No record forfeit of the score cancellations, or the reason for cancellation, will appear on their future score reports sent to colleges and universities. 不会出现在成绩单上

Present Your Perspective on an Issue Task

Understanding the Issue Task

The "Present Your Perspective on an Issue" task assesses your ability to think critically about a topic ofgeneral interest and to clearly express your thoughts about it in writing. Each topic, presented in quotation marks, makes a claim about an issue that test takers can discuss from various perspectives and apply to many different situations or conditions. Your task is to present a compelling case (令人信服的)for your own position on the issue. Be sure to read the claim carefully and think about it from several points of view, considering the complexity of ideas associated with those perspectives. Then, make notes about the position you want to develop(标记自己要发展说明的点) and list the main reasons and examples that you could use to support that position.

The Issue task allows considerable latitude in the way you respond to the claim. Although it is important that you address the central issue, you are free to take any approach you wish. For example, you might

在抓住中心的同时可以有一定的自由范围

• agree absolutely with the claim, disagree completely, or agree with some parts and not others

• question the assumptions the statement seems to be making

•qualify any of its terms, 限制或定义一些术语 especially if the way you define or apply a term is important to developing your perspective on the issue

• point out why the claim is valid 有效的 in some situations but not in others

• evaluate points of view that contrast with your own perspective

• develop your position with reasons that are supported by several relevant examples or by a single extended example几个相关例子或者一个详细展开的例子

The GRE readers scoring your response are not looking for a "right" answer—in fact, there is no correct position to take. Instead, the readers are evaluating the skill with which you articulate and develop an argument to support your position on the issue. 评估写作者的表达能力和论述支持自己观点的能力

Understanding the Context for Writing: Purpose and Audience

The Issue task is an exercise incritical thinking and persuasive writing. The purpose of this task is to determine how well you can develop a compelling argument supporting your own perspective on an issue and to effectively communicate that argument in writing to an academic audience. Your audience consists of college and university faculty who are trained as GRE readers to apply the scoring criteria identified in the scoring guide for “Present Your Perspective on an Issue" (see page 27).

Preparing for the Issue Task

Because the Issue task is meant to assess the persuasive writing skills that you have developed throughout your education, it has been designed neither to require any particular course of study nor to advantage students with a particular type of training.

Many college textbooks on composition offer advice on persuasive writing that you might find useful, but even this advice might be more technical and specialized than you need for the Issue task. You will not be expected to know specific critical thinking or writing terms or strategies; instead, you should be able to use reasons, evidence, and examples to support your position on an issue.

It is not your position that matters so much as the critical thinking skills you display in developing your position.

No matter which approach you take when you practice the Issue task, you should review the task directions, then

• carefully read the claim made in the topic and make sure you understand the issue involved; if it seems unclear, discuss it with a friend or teacher

• think about the issue in relation to your own ideas and experiences, to events you have read about or observed, and to people you have known; this is the knowledge base from which you will develop compelling reasons and examples in your argument that reinforce, negate, or qualify the claim in some way

• decide what position on the issue you want to take and defend—remember you are free to agree or disagree completely or to agree with some parts or some applications but not others

• decide what compelling evidence (reasons and examples) you can use to support your position

Remember that this is a task in critical thinking and persuasive writing. Therefore, you might find it helpful to
explore the complexity of a claim in one of the topics by asking yourself the following questions:

审题时应思考的问题

• What, precisely, is the central issue?

• Do I agree with all or with any part of the claim? Why or why not?

• Does the claim make certain assumptions? If so, are they reasonable?

• Is the claim valid only under certain conditions? If so, what are they?

• Do I need to explain how I interpret certain terms or concepts used in the claim?

• If I take a certain position on the issue, what reasons support my position?

• What examples—either real or hypothetical—could I use to illustrate those reasons and advance my point of view? Which examples are most compelling?

Once you have decided on a position to defend, consider the perspective of others who might not agree

with your position. Ask yourself: 确定立场之后应该思考的

• What reasons might someone use to refute or undermine my position?

• How should I acknowledge or defend against those views in my essay?

Deciding Which Issue Topic to Choose

Instead, try to choose fairly quickly the issue that you feel better prepared to discuss.

The Form of Your Response

You are free to organize and develop your response in any way that you think will effectively communicate your ideas about the issue.  in fact, when GRE readers are trained, they review hundreds of Issue responses that, although highly diverse in content and form, display similar levels of critical thinking and persuasive writing. Readers will see, for example, some Issue responses at the 6 score level that begin by briefly summarizing the writer's position on the issue and then explicitly announcing the main points to be argued. They will see others that lead into the writer's position by making a prediction, asking a series of questions, describing a scenario, or defining critical terms in the quotation. ??什么意思?? 是说两种开头都很好吗?下次脑袋清醒的时候再看看

You should use as many or as few paragraphs as you consider appropriate for your argument—for example, you will probably need to create a new paragraph whenever your discussion shifts to a new cluster of ideas. What matters is not the number of examples, the number of paragraphs, or the form your argument takes but, rather, the cogency of your ideas about the issue and the clarity and skill with which you communicate those ideas to academic readers.切题,中肯,有说服力. 主题的选择标准