如何写好四六级英语作文 [复制链接]

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电梯直达

楼主

发表于 2005-5-26 12:15:14 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

Chapter One 文章开头句型

1-1 对立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法,

         适用于有争议性的主题.

例如(e.g)

   [1]. When asked about....., the vast/overwhelming majority of people

say that ....... But I think/view a bit differently.

   [2]. When it comes to .... , some people believe that ....... Others

argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth

in both arguments/statements , but (I tend to the profer/latter ...)

   [3]. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged

that .... They claim/believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt whether.....

1-2 现象法引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论 .

e.g

   [1]. Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) ... has cause/

aroused public/popular/wide/worldwide concern.

   [2]. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of ...

has been brought into focus. ( has been braught to public attention)

   [3].Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality ... is yet another of the

new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.

1-3 观点法 ----开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法.

e.g:

   [1].  Never history has the change of .. been as evident as ...

Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of .. been more visible/

popular than...

   [2].  Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/

coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that...

   [3].  Now there is a growing awareness/recognition of the necessity

to......

Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ......

   [4]. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea

that.......

1-4 引用法 ----- 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点!

e.g:

   [1]. "Knowledge is power." such is the remark made by Bacon. This remark

has been shared by more and more people .

   "Education is not complete with graduation." Such is the opinion of a

great  American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion.

   [2]."........." How often we hear such statements/words like theses

/this .

   In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as

this "......".

1-5 比较法 ------ 通过对过去,现在两种不同的倾向,观点的比较 , 引出文章要讨论的观
点.

e.g:

   [1]. For years, ...had been viewed as ... But people are taking a fresh

look now. With the growing ... , people ....... .

   [2]. People used to think that ... (In the past, ....) But people now

share this new .

1-6 故事法 ---- 先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣, 引出文章的主题.

e.g:

   [1]. Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt .... The phenomenon of

.. has aroused public concern.

   [2]. I have a friend who ... Should he .... ? Such a dilemma we are

often confront with in our daily life.

   [3]. Once upon a time , there lived a man who ... This story may be

(unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significance now.

1-8  问题法 ----- 先用讨论或解答的设问, 引出自己观点, 适用于有争议性的话题.

e.g:

   Should/What ...... ? Options of ... vary greatly , some ..., others ...

But in my opinion , ...... .

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i-winner
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沙发

发表于 2005-5-26 12:15:41 |只看该作者

如何写好四六级作文应注意避免：
一．不一致（Disagreements）
所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致　时态不一致及代词不一　致等．
例１． When one have money ,he can do what he want to .
(人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么．)
剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has ;同理，want应改为wants.本句是典
型的主谓不一致．
改为：　Once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do)
　

二．修饰语错位（Misplaced Modifiers）
英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化．对于这一
点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解．例１． I believe I can
do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.
   剖析：better位置不当，应置于句末．
　

三．句子不完整（Sentence Fragments）
在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解．可是书面语
就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想
加些补充说明时发生．
例１． There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio
,newspaper and so on .
   剖析：本句后半部分＂for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是
一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句．
改为：There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and
newspaper.
　

四．悬垂修饰语（Dangling Modifiers）
所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清．例如：At the age of
ten, my grandfather died. 这句中＂at the age of ten＂只点出十岁时，但没有说明” 谁”
十岁时．按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句
就不那么费解了．
改为：
When I was ten, my grandfather died.
例１． To do well in college, good grades are essential.
剖析：句中不定式短语 “to do well in college” 的逻辑主语不清楚．
改为：
To do well in college, a student needs good grades.
　

五．词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)
“词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等．
例１． None can negative the importance of money.
剖析：negative 系形容词，误作动词。
改为：
None can deny the importance of money.
　

六．指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)
指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下
面这一句：
Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.
(玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。)
读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易
于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为：
Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid
.
例1. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.
   剖析：句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。改为：
      We can also know society by serving it ourselves.
　

七．不间断句子(Run-on Sentences)
什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。
例１． There are many ways we get to know the outside world.
剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：“There are many ways.” 以及“We get to
know the outside world.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。
改为：
There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或：
There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside
world
　

八．措词毛病(Troubles in Diction)
Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题，囿于教学时间紧迫，教师平时在
这方面花的时间往往极其有限，影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲，斟酌的习惯。他们
往往随心所欲，拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。
例１． The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes
pollution.
(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)
剖析：显然，考生把obstacles“障碍”，“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外?
皌he increasing use (不断增加的使用)” 应改为“abusive use (滥用)”。
改为：
The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to
pollution.
　

九．累赘(Redundancy)
言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词；写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用
词组；能用词组的不用从句或句子。如：
In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.
本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同谓语从句，我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从?
洹笨梢愿奈?篒n spite of his laziness, I  like him.
例１． For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be
used to buy the thing they need.
   剖析：整个句子可以大大简化。
   改为：
   Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.
　

十．不连贯(Incoherence)
   不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。
例１． The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.

剖析：The fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。It 与things 在数方面不一致。
改为：
Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.
　

十一．综合性语言错误(Comprehensive Misusage)
所谓“综合性语言错误”，是指除了上述十种错误以外，还有诸如时态，语态，标点符号，
大小写等方面的错误。
例1．Today, Money to everybody is very importance, our’s eat, cloth, live, go
etc.