[i习作temp] Issue157 改了又改，大家来看看吧！ [复制链接]

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电梯直达

楼主

发表于 2005-8-4 12:27:07 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

Issue157
There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observation is subjective; it is always guided by the observer's expectations or desires.
1．事物都是客观存在的，我们的眼睛只是对客观存在如实地反映。综观科学发展史，大多数科学成果都是根据观察总结出来的，然后再在观察中获得检验。如果观察都是主观的，那就是不准确的了，那怎么解释这么多伟大的成就呢？哈雷彗星的发现。
2．我们的期望或者说愿望左右的不是我们的观察，而是我们的观点。经验，利益，情绪好坏。
3．除了观察者的因素，还有其他因素：仪器设备，知识限制。

Firstly, our eyes only serve as mirror which reflects what they see. As things exist objectively, our observation is objective in this sense. We often emphasize on the objectivity and rationality in the scientific field, but if we accept that there is no observation objective, how can we explain the significant discoveries which have been proved true according to the challenge of facts? A principle, if wants to be well accepted by the world, there are two steps in the process inevitable: it should be concludes from various observations, then be tested in several observations related. If one of these observations cannot follow that principle, it will not be seen as axiom at least. Make a comprehensive view of the scientific history, there are many all-purpose principles, and many of our observations have properly followed them. Perhaps the paradigmatic example is the discovery of Halley’s Comet. After thoroughly comparing several comet observation records, Halley eventually found the similarities of the periods of some records, then deduced that it these records actually referred to a unique comet which had a period of 76, his prediction was proved by later observation. If any of these observation is subjective and inexactly, the discovery of Halley’s Comet is impossible.

However, as human beings are the manipulator of the observation, sometimes it is inevitable to add his or her interpretation of the observation which leads the records subjective to some extent. There are many factors which may influence the objectivity of our observations. First, when the observation is not clear and the reality is still covered, we are prone to turn to help to our experience. For example, we are easier to consider a reputed person involved in a crime to be innocent even there are undoubted evidences of his ill behaviors. Second, as human beings are all driven by interests, they cannot be objective when deal with observations involved with their interests. We can seek proper example in the run of president, where candidates all praise himself or herself while debasing others without following the facts. Last but not the least, everyday experience tells us, with different mood, our observation can be different too. Perhaps every of us have the experience of regarding other’s care as mock when in distress.

Except for the subjective factors of the observers, the non-subjective factors can also influence the results of the observation greatly. From the history of scientific development, we notice that as the levels of facilities and equipments were greatly improved, the results of our observation are more and more exact. For example, when we explored the mystery of the moon in the old time, we can only use our eyes, and only can get a dim impression of the moon. But today, with the advanced telescope, we can observe the many faraway planets including the moon clearly. What is more, we can even go to the moon by the airship to survey the exact condition of the moon. Also is the influence of the limits of the observer’s knowledge.(什么结构？) As we all know, some of the great discoveries are originated from common scenes, and the difference between experts and layouts are their attitudes toward such matters. With more knowledge, the observers surely can get more from the observation.

To sum up, the progresses of observation and interpretation always happen in the same time, so people often confused them. What we must admit is that, observation itself is a objective one, while interpretation from human often adds inaccuracy into the results of the observation.

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xiliustream
UID: 205175

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沙发

发表于 2005-8-4 17:24:05 |只看该作者

不好意思，忘了把第一段补上去了
The speaker unfairly generalized. From the history of scientific field, we can see many discoveries are rooted and retested by objective observations. However, what I must concede is that due to many factors in and outside the observer, many of the observations are not purely objective.

Firstly, our eyes only serve as mirror which reflects what they see. As things exist objectively, our observation is objective in this sense. We often emphasize on the objectivity and rationality in the scientific field, but if we accept that there is no observation objective, how can we explain the significant discoveries which have been proved true according to the challenge of facts? A principle, if wants to be well accepted by the world, there are two steps in the process inevitable: it should be concludes from various observations, then be tested in several observations related. If one of these observations cannot follow that principle, it will not be seen as axiom at least. Make a comprehensive view of the scientific history, there are many all-purpose principles, and many of our observations have properly followed them. Perhaps the paradigmatic example is the discovery of Halley’s Comet. After thoroughly comparing several comet observation records, Halley eventually found the similarities of the periods of some records, then deduced that it these records actually referred to a unique comet which had a period of 76, his prediction was proved by later observation. If any of these observation is subjective and inexactly, the discovery of Halley’s Comet is impossible.

However, as human beings are the manipulator of the observation, sometimes it is inevitable to add his or her interpretation of the observation which leads the records subjective to some extent. There are many factors which may influence the objectivity of our observations. First, when the observation is not clear and the reality is still covered, we are prone to turn to help to our experience. For example, we are easier to consider a reputed person involved in a crime to be innocent even there are undoubted evidences of his ill behaviors. Second, as human beings are all driven by interests, they cannot be objective when deal with observations involved with their interests. We can seek proper example in the run of president, where candidates all praise himself or herself while debasing others without following the facts. Last but not the least, everyday experience tells us, with different mood, our observation can be different too. Perhaps every of us have the experience of regarding other’s care as mock when in distress.

Except for the subjective factors of the observers, the non-subjective factors can also influence the results of the observation greatly. From the history of scientific development, we notice that as the levels of facilities and equipments were greatly improved, the results of our observation are more and more exact. For example, when we explored the mystery of the moon in the old time, we can only use our eyes, and only can get a dim impression of the moon. But today, with the advanced telescope, we can observe the many faraway planets including the moon clearly. What is more, we can even go to the moon by the airship to survey the exact condition of the moon. Also is the influence of the limits of the observer’s knowledge.(什么结构？) As we all know, some of the great discoveries are originated from common scenes, and the difference between experts and layouts are their attitudes toward such matters. With more knowledge, the observers surely can get more from the observation.

To sum up, the progresses of observation and interpretation always happen in the same time, so people often confused them. What we must admit is that, observation itself is a objective one, while interpretation from human often adds inaccuracy into the results of the observation.

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