[a习作temp] argument193 [戮力同心小组] 第六次作业 by liyi2321 [复制链接]

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发表于 2007-8-1 22:45:36 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

193The Department of Education in the state of Attra recommends that high school students be assigned homework every day. Yet a recent statewide survey of high school math and science teachers calls the usefulness of daily homework into question. In the district of Sanlee, 86 percent of the teachers reported assigning homework three to five times a week, whereas in the district of Marlee, less than 25 percent of the teachers reported assigning homework three to five times a week. Yet the students in Marlee earn better grades overall and are less likely to be required to repeat a year of school than are the students in Sanlee. Therefore, all teachers in our high schools should assign homework no more than twice a week, if at all.

In this argument, the Department of Education in the state of Attra recommends their high schools should assign homework no more than twice a week. To support his conclusion, the Department conducts a survey of high school math and science teachers. The survey indicates that in Sanlee, teachers of math and science assign homework three to five times a week, and in Marlee, less than 25% of the teachers assign homework three or five times a week. The result is that students in Marlee earn better grades overall and are less likely to be required to repeat a year of school. However, this recommendation is insufficient because of several logical fallacies.

First, the result of the survey lacks credibility because it is not representative. For one thing, they only investigate the math and science teachers. But they recommend all the subjects to assign homework less than two times a week. Assigning homework may be important in the reading and writing course. So it cannot be cut. For another thing, the arguer provides no evidence to show that the two districts can represent the whole state. It is possible that in other districts, homework is very needed in their education. Therefore, the survey can’t lend strong support to the arguer’s conclusion.

Second, the arguer fails to establish the casual relationship between the frequency of the homework and the student's grade. There are many other factors which can influence the students' grade. It is entirely possible that the students finish the homework only in order to avoid the punishment. They don't pay much attention to the teachers' lecture. In that case, the grades of these students may not be good.

What is more, the arguer overlooks the possible differences between the Sanlee and the Marlee. Maybe the education background of students in Marlee is better than students in Sanlee. Or the students in Marlee spend more time to study. So they can earn a better grade. Moreover, the differences between the teachers in Sanlee and Marlee are also essential to this argument. If the teacher in Marlee is more experienced and struggling than the teachers in Sanlee. They can fulfill the purpose of one lesson on the class and the students can master them quickly. They don’t need much more homework after class. It is also possible that the students in Marlee earn a better grade overall.

Finally, the grades are not equal to the quality of teaching. It also requires the student's attempt and the supervision of the parents. If the students makes few efforts to study and the parents fails to urge their children. It is possible that the students also cannot earn good grades even when the quality of teaching is excellent.

To sum up, the Department of Education should first conduct a survey to know the situation of education in different places. Then they should consider the differences among the places before they make recommendation. The recommendation should be fit for the situation of the students in this area.

大致批驳思路：
1 选择性的样本
2 因果关系错误
3 错误类比