[a习作temp] Argument202 我重新修改过的argument [复制链接]

yayakupe
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发表于 2007-8-11 01:44:45 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

新东方黄书202
题目
Humans arrived in the Kaliko Islands about 7,000 years ago, and within 3,000 years most of the large mammal species that lived in the forests of the Kaliko Islands had become extinct.Yet humans cannot have been a factor in the species’ extinctions, because there is no evdince that the humans had any significant contact with the mammals. Futher, archaeologists have discovered numerous sites where the bones of fish had been diacarded, but they found no such areas containing the bonse off large mammels, so the humans cannot have hunted the mammals. Therefore, some climate change or other environmental factor must have caused the species’s extinctions.
文章
The article argued that the large mammal species in the KalikoIslands were killed not by humans but by other factors such as climate change or other environmental factor. To ensure the conclusion, the author figured that no evidences that humans have contact with the mammals were founded in the Kaliko Islands and that though the archaeologists have discovered some sites with bones of discarded fish, no areas with bones of large mammals have been reported. However, the article relies on a series of unsubstantiated assumptions, which considered together render the argument wholly unconvincing.

To begin with, the conclusion depends on the assumption that there is no evidence that humans have contact with the extinction mammals. The article simply infers that humans should not result in the death of the large mammals. To the contrary, no evidences does not mean that humans actually have not collation with large mammals, perhaps due to the difficulties in technique, humans now are not able to discover the evidences. Or perhaps humans play a indirect role in killing the mammals. Without ruling out these possibilities, one can not conclude that humans did not play a influence on the death of large mammals on the KalikoIslands.

Secondly, the article also include the supporting materials that that no areas with bones of large mammals have been reported now. Then the article just deduces that humans have not killed these mammals. But it is possible that the bones have been placed in the sea that can not be found easily, and one day we will find the areas with bones of mammals. Even assuming that there are actually no areas with bones of mammals, one can not conclude that humans have not killed the mammals for they may mash the bones. So without accounting for these exclusive assumptions, the author’s argument is dubious at best.

Finally, when concluding that humans have not killed the mammals, the article argues that some climate change or other environmental factor is due to result in the extinctions of the large species. However, there may be some other factors. For instance, a popular murrain may lead to the extinctions of the mammals. Thinking of these possibilities, the article’s conclusion is doubtful.

In sum, the article relies on a potentially weak analogy as well as on a series of unwarranted claims. To strengthen the argument, the article should give some support materials that no evidence of humans’ contact with large species in the islands can tell us that human have not cause large species to extinct. To better assess the argument, the article should also prove that no areas with bones of these large species means that humans have not killed them. The article also needs to exclude the possibility that other factors except environmental factor have influences on the extinctions of the species.
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谢谢

[ 本帖最后由 yayakupe 于 2007-8-11 23:41 编辑 ]