[1006G]专项答疑活动----阅读答疑贴

tracywlzUID: 2522388

由于本人最近事情太多。再加上1010G备考组开始了，所以决定停了这个阅读答疑贴，请各位见谅。加油~
本帖为GRE Verbal阅读部分的答疑贴，有任何关于阅读题目的疑问请回帖，谢谢。
格式为：原文序号（非模考题请参照2772，模考题见下贴），全文内容，提干，和所需解答的问题。

真题下载链接为：GRE真题汇总寄托天下版1.0（含NO题及更新至0910G国内题）
2772：GRE GMAT LSAT全部2772阅读真题




你想得到怎样的解答和回复取决于怎么提问，所以请最好不要直接说这道题我不懂，说清楚到底哪里不懂。谢谢。

tracywlzUID: 2522388

由于本人最近事情太多。再加上1010G备考组开始了，所以决定停了这个阅读答疑贴，请各位见谅。加油~

fly-2011UID: 2707582

我也是阅读速度问题，感觉第一遍肯定看不懂，做题时回头找答案，往往不知道从哪里找答案，所以就很多寻找的时间，实在没底

林小乔UID: 2648630

帮顶。MUA水水。

laviniaUID: 2617042

了解了 谢谢水水

52# tracywlz

dkflameUID: 2680233

换皮书EXERCISE30 的短文章
10.的E选项F’s internationalism as "ideal"是不是 和文章末句的F‘ emphasis on an ideal internationalism
11.这题是类比题，是不是原句关系是因果的逻辑啊？ 怎么感觉仔细看看C以后，又有点牵强？水水怎么看这题的？
望指点...

tracywlzUID: 2522388

17 The information in the passage suggests that the majority of deep-sea faunas that live in nonvent habitats have which of the following characteristics?

A    They do not normally feed on particles of food in the water.

B    They are smaller than many vent faunas.
C    They are predators.
D    They derive nutrition from a chemosynthetic food source.
E    They congregate around a single main food source.

  Suggest题型本来就不是在原文找的，是应该根据原文信息推断的。

A选项 particles of food根本没提到。C也没提到。然后看第二段后半部分It is conceivable, however, that these large, sedentary organisms do　in fact feed on bacteria that grow in　warm-water vents, rise in the vent　water, and then rain in peripheral areas to nourish animals living some distance　from the warm-water vents. Large organisms是在vents附近生活，那么nonvent 附近的 faunas比其它生活在vents附近的faunas小。这是很正常的推理。而DE。好像根本与是否生活在vent附近无关系了吧。这道题，解题的关键是抓住提干的nonvent。然后再去原文找vent的细节，再取反。  

20 Which of the following is information supplied in the passage that would support the statement that the food supplies necessary to sustain vent communities must be many times that of ordinary
fallout?
I. Large vent faunas move from vent to vent in search of food.* s/ `4 Z. y- a2
　II. Vent faunas are not able to consume
food produced by photosynthesis.7 　III. Vents are more densely populated than are other deep-sea areas.,

这道题是根据原文信息推断题，关键是看懂需要推断的内容即提干。

提干问的是为什么vent communities的食物必须很多倍多余ordinary fallout，我们来一个个看。

I.
Large vent faunas move from vent to vent in search of food。原文是说food自己沉降下来了而不是large vent faunas自己去找。排除。

II.
Vent faunas are not able to consume
food produced by photosynthesis.文章开始说是vent faunas有可能成为不靠光合作用也能存活的物种而不是说它不能用光合作用。而且这个观点下文就被反驳了，化学作用不够，This suggests that bacterial chemosynthesis is not a sufficient source of nutrition for these creatures。所以这里其实可以推断的出还是要靠光合作用的。于是II排除。

III.
Vents are more densely populated than are other deep-sea areas。因为vents的生物太多，所以需要更多的食物。这完全说得通，而且文章的difficulty段落说到了Another difficulty is that similarly dense populations of large deep-sea…Unless smokers are consistently located near more hospitable warm-water vents, chemosynthesis can account for only a fraction of the vent faunas.因为生物太多，所以chemosynthesis只能充当一小部分的食物来源，所以vents附近才需要更多的食物来源。

A   I only
B   III only4 P$ B- U! c$ ~- X
C   I and II only3 t/ {  _6 v/ l# \5 c
D  II and III only' L1 R# H9 G8 v- [1 G: Z& n
E   I, II, and III

tracywlzUID: 2522388

今晚回去一堆事情，估计不能在熄灯前看完了。我先说下怎么提高速度。
最基本的一点当然是自身实力的提高。这个是无疑的。其次么，就是阅读要有取舍。这个也是建立在大量阅读分析上面的。
所以我这里就说一点方法，50楼可以尝试着每次看阅读的时候把慢的原因记下来，然后再专门针对突破。
加油~

laviniaUID: 2617042

哦 好的 谢谢水水啦

(This passage is excerpted from an article that was published in 1981.)
　　　The deep sea typically has a sparse fauna dominated by tiny worms and crustaceans, with an even sparser distribution of larger animals. However,near hydrothermal vents, areas of the ocean where warm water emerges from subterranean sources, live remarkable densities of huge clams, blind crabs, and fish. Most deep-sea faunas rely for food on particulate matter, ultimately derived from photosynthesis, falling from above. The food supplies necessary to sustain the large vent communities,however, must be many times the ordinary fallout. The first reports
describing vent faunas proposed two possible sources of nutrition: bacterial chemosynthesis, production of food by bacteria using energy derived from chemical changes, and advection, the drifting of food materials from surrounding regions. Later, evidence in support of the idea of intense local chemosynthesis was accumulated: hydrogen sulfied was found in vent water; many vent-site bacteria were found to be capable of chemosynthesis; and extremely large concentrations on bacteria were found in samples of vent water thought to be pure. This final observation seemed decisive. If such astonishing concentrations of bacteria were typical of vent outflow, then food within the vent would dwarf any contribution from advection. Hence,the widely quoted conclusion was reached that bacterial chemosynthesis provides the foundation for
hydrothermal- vent food chains—an exciting prospect because no other communities on Earth are independent of photosynthesis.

　There are, however, certain difficulties with this interpretation.For example,some of the large sedentary organisms associated with vents are also found at ordinary deep-sea temperatures many meters from the nearest hydrothermal sources. This suggests that bacterial chemosynthesis is not a sufficient source of nutrition for these creatures.Another difficulty is that similarly dense populations of large deep-sea
animals have been found in the proximity of "smokers"–vents where water emerges at temperatures up to 350°C. No bacteria can survive such heat, and no bacteria were found there.　Unless smokers are consistently located near more hospitable warm-water vents, chemosynthesis can account for only a fraction of the vent faunas. It is conceivable, however, that these large, sedentary organisms do　in fact feed on bacteria that grow in　warm-water vents, rise in the vent　water, and then rain in peripheral areas to nourish animals living some distance　from the warm-water vents.
　Nonetheless advection is a more likely　alternative food source. Research has　demonstrated that advective flow, which originates near the surface of the ocean　where suspended particulate matter　accumulates, transports some of that　matter and water to the vents. Estimates　suggest that matter and water to the vents. Estimates suggest that for every　cubic meter of vent discharge, 350　milligrams of particulate organic　material would be advected into the　vent area. Thus, for an average-sized vent, advection could provide more　than 30 kilograms of potential food per　day. In addition, it is likely that small　live animals in the advected water might　be killed or stunned by thermal and/or chemical shock, thereby contributing to　the food supply of vents.

17 The information in the passage suggests that the majority of deep-sea faunas that live in nonvent habitats
have which of the following characteristics?
A    They do not normally feed on particles of food in the water.
B    They are smaller than many vent faunas.
C    They are predators.
D    They derive nutrition from a chemosynthetic food source.
E    They congregate around a single main food source.

                                                                             (答案B             Q：文章没有提到B啊？)

20 Which of the following is information supplied in the passage that would support
the statement that the food supplies necessary to sustain vent communities must be many times that of ordinary
fallout?
　I. Large vent faunas move from vent to
vent in search of food.
　II. Vent faunas are not able to consume
food produced by photosynthesis.
　III. Vents are more densely populated
than are other deep-sea areas.
A   I only
B   III only
C   I and II only
D  II and III only
E   I, II, and III

                                   答案B   我却刚好选的C

P.S.  水水，能能讲讲怎么提高阅读的速度吗   O(∩_∩)O~

tracywlzUID: 2522388

回40楼即47楼
9004LONG
25.  With which of the following statements regarding the chronological criteria mentioned in line 33-34 would the author be most likely to agree?
(A) Such criteria, whether applied to or derived from the plays, should only be used to confirm already existing knowledge.
(B) Such criteria, although derived from reliable external and internal evidence, should be changed continually to avoid rigidity in thinking.
(C) Such criteria, based on statistical analysis, are inherently more reliable than those of forty years ago.
(D) Such criteria, even when unsupported by external evidence, can resolve most questions.'
(E) Such criteria, based on often ambiguous internal evidence, can lead to erroneous reconstructions of the chronology of an author’s work.

这两道都是细节题，先来看这一道，定位很容易，直接在提干所在行。

The discovery has resulted in no less than a total reevaluation of every chronological criterion that has been applied to or derived from Aeschylus’ plays.

no less than是不低于，这句话的意思就是这个发现至少是对来自或者应用与于Aeschylus' plays的年代标准的（研究）的一次重新审视。
那么我们再看(B) Such criteria, although derived from reliable external and internal evidence, should be changed continually to avoid rigidity in thinking. although derived from reliable...这里就错了，文章的观点是这些criteria需要重新审视，而这里是尽管这些观点来自于reliable...这里概念纠错了。然后rigidity in thinking这里根本没提到。所以B肯定错误。

再来看(E) Such criteria, based on often ambiguous internal evidence, can lead to erroneous reconstructions of the chronology of an author’s work. 因为ambiguous，erroneous，所以需要reevaluation。完全和作者的意思相符合。


27.        The allusion to the hypothetical papyrus fragment in line 45-49 does which of the following?
(A) Supports an argument concerning the date of The Suppliant Women.
(B) Refutes the views of the majority of scholars concerning the Oxyrhynchus papyrus find.
(C) Predicts the future results of archaeological research proposed in the passage.
(D) Undermines the validity of the currently accepted chronology of Aeschylus’ works.
(E) Qualifies the author’s agreement with the “new creed” developed since the Oxyrhynchus papyrus find.

While the new doctrine seems almost certainly correct, the one papyrus fragment raises the specter that another may be unearthed,

依旧是细节题，定位仍然是提干提供题号的前后。
作者的态度是rasie the specter...may be...因为这次是因为发现了一个莎草纸碎片而推翻了以前的理论，那么这次新建立的也很有可能因为下一次的发现另一个碎片什么的被推翻。而C是说削弱了现在所接受的由A的年代学的可信度.作者的观点是也许会改变，而这里是肯定削弱，难道一样么？
再来看E，new Creed是上一题的定位处的一个比喻，即新出来的理论，作者的开始的观点是The activity has been brisk, and a new creed has now spread。如果又出一个新的，这个理论不就被限定qualifies了么？这里主要是要明白什么是new creed。和上一题有很大的联系。如果明白了上一题，同时这一题又明白了作者最后想要说的意思，那么应该没什么问题了。

这种细节题我觉得很重要的是在理清楚作者的思路的基础上的准确定位。这篇文章刚上手会觉得很难，而且很多背景知识我们不了解，所以我觉得，把握作者的联结词和关键句尤为重要。像第一二段的 Then, in 1952...The fragment announced that Aeschylus won first prize with his Danaid tetralogy,...Hence, except by special pleading...thus perhaps tying the plays...a severe shock.
这些是我看的时候划记的，然后果然也是重点考点。所以分析一篇文章，把握它的行文脉络很重要。


继续加油~

laviniaUID: 2617042

水水~ 真是万幸我发现了这么一个好贴！   最近一直在做阅读，差不多三周了，每天三到四套，，也就是六到八篇。感觉没有什么特别的提高，灰心死了···而且我只能保证25分钟做完一个长阅读和短阅读，差不多错3-4个。好痛苦啊，速度怎么都提不上去，真的好伤心。╮(╯▽╰)╭
下面有几道题我不懂，希望水水能帮帮我。
no.8 第三套 SECTION 3 长阅读 （我做了两遍，还是做不对，尽然就对了一道）
第十六题 答案B              Q: 为什么不选E   第41行不是有说吗？
第十七题 答案D              Q  E怎么不对了？
第十八题 答案A              Q  怎么看都觉得D比A更贴切一点
第十九题 答案B              Q  我一上来就把B给排出了，因为我觉得HYDROGEN SULFIDE跟题目没有关系
第二十题 答案E              Q  我选的C 我觉得文章中没有说III 的内容
第二十二题 答案A           Q  我选的B 想不通啊想不通  




哎····我已经无可救药了

nieyongUID: 2742661

水水斑竹  我好几天就发过这个了，40楼   请帮忙看看哈~~
9004的长文章
Modern archaeological finds can still contribute much to the study of ancient literature. For example, forty years ago a survey of the early Greek dramatist Aeschylus’ plays would have started with The Suppliant Women. Many factors internal to the play, but perhaps most especially the prominence of the chorus (which in this play has the main role), led scholars to consider it one of Aeschylus’ earlier works. The consensus was that here was a drama truly reflecting an early stage in the evolution of tragedy out of choral lyric. The play was dated as early as the 490’s B.C., in any event, well before Aeschylus’ play The Persians of 472 B.C. Then, in 1952, a fragment of papyrus found at Oxyrhynchus was published stating the official circumstances and results of a dramatic contest. The fragment announced that Aeschylus won first prize with his Danaid tetralogy, of which The Suppliant Women is the opening play, and defeated Sophocles in the process. Sophocles did not compete in any dramatic contest before 468 B.C., when he won his first victory. Hence, except by special pleading (e. g., that the tetralogy was composed early in Aeschylus’ career but not produced until the 460’s B.C.), the Danaid tetralogy must be put after 468 B.C. In addition, a few letters in the fragment suggest the name Archedemides, archon in 463 B.C., thus perhaps tying the plays to that precise date, almost exactly halfway between Aeschylus’ Seven Against Thebes of 467 B.C. and his Oresteia.
The implication of the papyrus administered a severe shock to the vast majority of classical scholars, who had confidently asserted that not only the role of the chorus but also language, metrics, and characterization all pointed to an early date. The discovery has resulted in no less than a total reevaluation of every chronological criterion that has been applied to or derived from Aeschylus’ plays. The activity has been brisk, and a new creed has now spread. The prominence of the chorus in The Suppliant Women now is seen not as a sign of primitivism but as analogous to the massive choral songs of the Oresteia. Statistics have been formulated, or reformulated, to show that stylistically The Suppliant Women does actually occupy a position after The Persians and Seven Against Thebes, which now become the “primitive” plays, and before the Oresteia. While the new doctrine seems almost certainly correct, the one papyrus fragment raises the specter that another may be unearthed, showing, for instance, that it was a posthumous production of the Danaid tetralogy which bested Sophocles, and throwing the date once more into utter confusion. This is unlikely to happen, but it warns us that perhaps the most salutary feature of the papyrus scrap is its message of the extreme difficulty of classifying and categorizing rigidly the development of a creative artist.
有两道题我不是太懂。请教一下
25.        With which of the following statements regarding the chronological criteria mentioned in line 33-34 would the author be most likely to agree?
(A) Such criteria, whether applied to or derived from the plays, should only be used to confirm already existing knowledge.
(B) Such criteria, although derived from reliable external and internal evidence, should be changed continually to avoid rigidity in thinking.
(C) Such criteria, based on statistical analysis, are inherently more reliable than those of forty years ago.
(D) Such criteria, even when unsupported by external evidence, can resolve most questions.
(E) Such criteria, based on often ambiguous internal evidence, can lead to erroneous reconstructions of the chronology of an author’s work.
这题中BE项的internal evidence到底是ambiguous还是 reliable 文章中好像没有提到啊~ 我只确定这里肯定是一个负评价。求助

27.        The allusion to the hypothetical papyrus fragment in line 45-49 does which of the following?
(A) Supports an argument concerning the date of The Suppliant Women.
(B) Refutes the views of the majority of scholars concerning the Oxyrhynchus papyrus find.
(C) Predicts the future results of archaeological research proposed in the passage.
(D) Undermines the validity of the currently accepted chronology of Aeschylus’ works.
(E) Qualifies the author’s agreement with the “new creed” developed since the Oxyrhynchus papyrus find.
这个我觉得D也对吧  有一个解析说这个低于作者的陈述高度？ 求助

辛苦了 谢谢~~

dkflameUID: 2680233

我问一篇LSAT的可以么？第二套的第15和21题

Three basic adaptive responses—regulatory, acclimatory, and developmental—may occur in organisms as they react to changing environmental conditions. In all three, adjustment of biological features (morphological adjustment) or of their use (functional adjustment) may occur. Regulatory responses involve rapid changes in the organism’s use of its physiological apparatus—increasing or decreasing the rates of various processes, for example. Acclimation involves morphological change—thickening of fur or red blood cell proliferation—which alters physiology itself. Such structural changes require more time than regulatory response changes. Regulatory and acclimatory responses are both reversible.
Developmental responses, however, are usually permanent and irreversible: they become fixed in the course of the individual’s development in response to environmental conditions at the time the response occurs. One such response occurs in many kinds of water bugs. Most water-bug species inhabiting small lakes and ponds have two generations per year. The first hatches during the spring, reproduces during the summer, then dies. The eggs laid in the summer hatch and develop into adults in late summer. They live over the winter before breeding in early spring. Individuals in the second (overwintering) generation have fully developed wings and leave the water in autumn to overwinter in forests, returning in spring to small bodies of water to lay eggs. Their wings are absolutely necessary for this seasonal dispersal (: the act or result of dispersing; especially: the process or result of the spreading of organisms from one place to another). The summer (early) generation, in contrast, is usually dimorphic (a: DIMORPHOUS 1 b: occurring in two distinct forms “dimorphic leaves of emergent plants” “sexually dimorphic coloration in birds”)—some individuals have normal functional (macropterous) wings; others have much-reduced (micropterous) wings of no use for flight. The summer generation’s dimorphism is a compromise strategy, for these individuals usually do not leave the ponds and thus generally have no use for fully developed wings. But small ponds occasionally dry up during the summer, forcing the water bugs to search for new habitats, an eventuality (a possible event or outcome: POSSIBILITY) that macropterous individuals are well adapted to meet.
The dimorphism of micropterous and macropterous individuals in the summer generation expresses developmental flexibility; it is not genetically determined. The individual’s wing form is environmentally determined by the temperature to which developing eggs are exposed prior to their being laid. Eggs maintained in a warm environment always produce bugs with normal wing, but exposure to cold produces micropterous individuals. Eggs producing the overwintering brood are all formed during the late summer’s warm temperatures. Hence, all individuals in the overwintering brood have normal wings. Eggs laid by the overwintering adults in the spring, which develop into the summer generation of adults, are formed in early autumn and early spring. Those eggs formed in autumn are exposed to cold winter temperatures, and thus produce micropterous adults in the summer generation. Those formed during the spring are never exposed to cold temperatures, and thus yield individuals with normal wing. Adult water bugs of the overwintering generation brought into the laboratory during the cold months and kept warm, produce only macropterous offspring.


15.        The passage supplies information to suggest that which one of the following would happen if a pond inhabited by water bugs were to dry up in June?
(A) The number of developmental responses among the water-bug population would decrease.
(B) Both micropterous and macropterous water bugs would show an acclimatory response.
(C) The generation of water bugs to be hatched during the subsequent spring would contain an unusually large number of macropterous individuals.
(D) The dimorphism of the summer generation would enable some individuals to survive.（D）
(E) The dimorphism of the summer generation would be genetically transferred to the next spring generation.

这题答案选了D，可是可是C选项二段的最后一句不是有提示么？为什么不选C啊？

21.        Which one of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
(A) Biological phenomena are presented, examples of their occurrence are compared and contrasted, and one particular example is illustrated in detail.
(B) A description of related biological phenomena is stated, and two of those phenomena are explained in detail with illustrated examples.
(C) Three related biological phenomena are described, a hypothesis explaining their relationship is presented, and supporting evidence is produced.
(D) Three complementary biological phenomena are explained, their causes are examined, and one of them is described by contrasting its causes with the other two.（A）
(E) A new way of describing biological phenomena is suggested, its applications are presented, and one specific example is examined in detail.
这题答案选了A，可是本文不是现象解释型文章啊，文章开头已经给出了观点，没有先阐述现象啊。这到底是为什么呢？

希望帮忙看看，谢谢~

tracywlzUID: 2522388

41楼有一个很关键的问题没看到,就是,题干是：
The passage can most accurately be described as a discussion concerning historical views of the
可以归于主旨题，而你在把它当成一道细节题在做。
主旨题一般情况下就在文章开头或者末尾找答案，难一点的，还需自己归纳每段，或者判断出作者的感情色彩。
这里这道题可以直接从第一段定位。

By 1950, the results of attempts to relate brain processes to mental experience appeared rather discouraging. Such variations in size, shape, chemistry, conduction speed, excitation threshold, and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any possible correlation with the manifold dimensions of mental experience.

我用紫色的标记的差不多可以看作是作者告诉我们他这篇要说什么了。
于是这道题很轻易的选了(E) physiological correlates of mental experience。
然后看你的问题，C无疑是一段细节的描述，可以直接排除。
然后你觉得E错误的根据是出于文章的一段细节描写，即是对brain theory总结，姑且不讨论这个总结里的具体细节内容，题干问的是这篇文章关注的是历史的观点中关于什么的问题，而你回答的内容是来自于作者自己的总结，这里就明显答非所问了。作者的in short是作者自己对过去观点的总结和看法，而不是过去观点本身的内容。

GRE阅读中用细节定位选项的方法的确很不错，但是只针对于细节题，而且也要找到正确的段落然后在具体定位，而不是抓到一个和原文一样的就认为为正确，抓到一个和原文不同的就排除。
而且我觉得更重要的一点，是碰到一道题前先分析出是什么题，主旨还是细节，然后再具体定位什么的。不要盲目的去原文中寻找。

继续加油~

tracywlzUID: 2522388

NO5.1.1.2
黄皮书 Ex 3.1
By 1950, the results of attempts to relate brain processes to mental experience appeared rather discouraging. Such variations in size, shape, chemistry, conduction speed, exc ...
a08805436 发表于 2010-4-1 22:26

不好意思。才看到。马上看~~