Argument写作入门-开头段第一步：梳理结论、论据

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练习一：2016/6/26

1. 抄题包括argument和写作指引
The following appeared in a letter from a homeowner to a friend.       
"Of the two leading real estate firms in our town—Adams Realty and Fitch Realty—Adams Realty       
is clearly superior. Adams has 40 real estate agents; in contrast, Fitch has 25, many of whom work       
only part-time. Moreover, Adams' revenue last year was twice as high as that of Fitch and       
included home sales that averaged $168,000, compared to Fitch's $144,000. Homes listed with       
Adams sell faster as well: ten years ago I listed my home with Fitch, and it took more than four       
months to sell; last year, when I sold another home, I listed it with Adams, and it took only one       
month. Thus, if you want to sell your home quickly and at a good price, you should use Adams       
Realty.       
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument.       
Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications       
are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted."       

2. 列出argument的结论和主要证据 
结论：
If you want to sell your home both quickly and at good price, you should use Adams Realty
主要证据
-Adamas has more real estate agents
-Adamas's revenue is 2 higher than Fitch and the average selling price is higher than Filt as well
-The homeowner's own experise of selling house: it took him 4 month years ago by Filth and only a month now by Arial

3. 写完整的第一段
A house owner suggest his friend to choose Admas Realty for selling house with the assumptions that Big agent with Higher Revenue income and more full time agent can provide better support to  the deal (Both quickly and at higher price). To give more reliable suggestion,  we need to evaluate more detailed of the agents'selling record including price and time-spent, as well as research broadly about real feedbacks from customer.
 
4. 写出中间段的主题句（英语）用汉语解释主要讨论的点 
-The owner assume that A is superior because of more full time Agent,while there is no solid evidenct to support this judgement without a proper customer feedback survey. 小公司虽然full time 人员少，但通过合理的制度流程控制，也能很好滴提供服务。另外也可能正是利用part time 员工，小公司节省了人力成本从而可能能提供更多优惠。
-By comparing average price, the house owner made a unsound assumption that all the house sold in A and F are pretty close thaht they have similar value in market. 平均价格低也许是因为两家公司对应客户有区别，F擅长代理的房子可能属于市价略低的类别。如果要给出合理建议，应该结合agent历史销售情况和朋友的房子状态。
-No one can deny the owner's personal experience, however, A sales house quicker than B is  an assumple base on a bias comparasion. 十年前的销售速度与今天的情况不能做有效对比，另外单个销售情况也不能代表整体。


练习二：2016/6/27
1. 抄题包括argument和写作指引
The following appeared as part of a letter to the editor of a scientific journal.       
"A recent study of eighteen rhesus monkeys provides clues as to the effects of birth order       
on an individual's levels of stimulation. The study showed that in stimulating situations       
(such as an encounter with an unfamiliar monkey), firstborn infant monkeys produce up to       
twice as much of the hormone cortisol, which primes the body for increased activity levels,       
as do their younger siblings. Firstborn humans also produce relatively high levels of       
cortisol in stimulating situations (such as the return of a parent after an absence). The       
study also found that during pregnancy, first-time mother monkeys had higher levels of       
cortisol than did those who had had several offspring."       
Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the       
proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts       
presented in the argument.       

2. 列出argument的结论和主要证据 
结论：
There are clues to the effect of birth oder on an indivisual's level of stimulation
主要证据
-First born monkeys produced up to twice as much of the hormone cortisol that increase activity levels
-First born human produce relatively high levels of cortisol in stimulating situation
-First- time mother monkeys had higher levels of cortisol


3. 写完整的第一段
Recent study shows that first born individuals react high level stimulation than their younger siblings , the same happens for first time mothesr. Scientist come to conclude that t birth order affect indivisual's levels of simulation. However, following alternative explanations should be considered: 1, if  cortisal release differs from body size 2 if brain developpment impact cortisal 3 if other factor like nervous can also related to active level.

 
4. 写出中间段的主题句（英语）用汉语解释主要讨论的点 
-First born indivial is the eldest of the siblings, who is also more likely to have largest body size that need more hormone production. 一般来说，体型和需要的激素量成正比，first born的高激素含量不能直接与高刺激水平挂钩，及时证明高激素能导致高刺激水平，也可能是与体型相关而不是跟birth order 相关。
-Another factor maybe the brain developing status. Normally, the eldest indivisual have more well developed mental ability.  模拟水平跟认知环境的能力相关，如果想更准确地比较，应该在所有试验对象的大脑认知能力发育完全之后再做比较。
-It is unsound to draw an conclusion base on the observation of first -time mother monkey. 首次怀孕的妈妈可能年级比较小，相对成熟的妈妈来说更容易紧张，从而导致高水平刺激。


练习三：2016/6/28
1. 抄题包括argument和写作指引
The following appeared as a letter to the editor from a Central Plaza store owner.
"Over the past two years, the number of shoppers in Central Plaza has been steadily
decreasing while the popularity of skateboarding has increased dramatically. Many
Central Plaza store owners believe that the decrease in their business is due to the
number of skateboard users in the plaza. There has also been a dramatic increase in the
amount of litter and vandalism throughout the plaza. Thus, we recommend that the city
prohibit skateboarding in Central Plaza. If skateboarding is prohibited here, we predict that
business in Central Plaza will return to its previously high levels."
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to
decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how
the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.
       

2. 列出argument的结论和主要证据 
结论：
-Shops in Central Plaza will return to previous high level if Skateboarding was prohibited
主要证据：
-Number of shops decrease with the incread pupolarity of skateboading in passed two years
-Shop owners believe that their decreased business is due to the number of skateboard users
-Litter and vandalism incresed dramatically



3. 写完整的第一段
A store owner appeard to make skateboard prohibited in Central Plaza since it have opposite effect on business. For better evaluate the recommendation, we need to know if any other reason that also account for the business decrease, if any reliable evidence to show skateboard create the litter and vandalism, how the skateboarding impact the customer willingness to visit, and last but not least, if there are other ways to recover the business.

 
4. 写出中间段的主题句（英语）用汉语解释主要讨论的点 
-Business reduction can be result from all kinds of factores . Global financial crisis. Other newer and more fancy shopping mall. need more investation of overval business evironment background.

-Although it is inevitable for us to link increased litter and vandalism with increased skateboarding- an easy assumption base on experience. However, we can't deny other possiblities before more credible evidence be found

-Even skateboarding is proved to create litters and vandanlism, we still need to further discuss if that really reduct customers' willingness for shopping in CP.

-If all evidence shows skateboarding is the main reason. We should better to discuss if there are other ways to change current status. After all, the Plaza is not only a business center, it also serse as communal facility

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thx

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According to the argument, it fails to prove that Buckingham College needs more houses to accommodate new students. Firstly, it assumes that the enrollment would increase at the same pace in the next 50 years, which is unwarranted. Furthermore, the assumption that the average rent for an apartment in this town will rise in the future according to the increasing rent in the past few years. Finally, the argument falsely asserts that the more new dormitories there are, the more attractive Buckingham is to these excellent students.


According to the director, Buckingham College needs to build more houses to serve students given the expected more students and shortage of dorm space in the next 5 decades. He also argues that it will help students who have trouble renting apartment for the increasing average rent expense, and attract more excellent students.

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借用上面同学的
练习二

抄写完整原题
66. The following appeared in a memo from the owner of a chain of cheese stores located throughout the United States.

"For many years all the stores in our chain have stocked a wide variety of both domestic and imported cheeses. Last year, however, all of the five best-selling cheeses at our newest store were domestic cheddar cheeses from Wisconsin. Furthermore, a recent survey by Cheeses of the World magazine indicates an increasing preference for domestic cheeses among its subscribers. Since our company can reduce expenses by limiting inventory, the best way to improve profits in all of our stores is to discontinue stocking many of our varieties of imported cheese and concentrate primarily on domestic cheeses."


Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.

conclusion:
To get more profits, the cheese stores needs to reduce stocking imported cheese and sell mainly domestic cheeses.
proof:
1st, all of the five best-selling cheeses at their newest store were domestic cheeses;
2nd, a survey shows that its subscribers prefer domestic cheeses than import cheeses;
3rd, unstated assumption, by limiting money cost on importing cheeses, their company will reduce the expense and increase the profits.

according to the owner, the best way for the cheese company to get more profits is to reduce the stocking of imported cheeses given all the five best-selling cheeses at their newest store were domestic cheeses. And he also argues that a survey shows that people prefer domestic cheeses, and by limiting cost on importing cheeses, the company could reduce the expense and increase the profits.

妄誩UID: 3566367

The following appeared in a memo from the director of student housing at Buckinghan College.

"To serve the housing needs of our students, Buckinghan College should build a number of new dormintories. Buckingham's enrollment is growing and, based on current trends, will double over the 50 years, thus making existing dormitory space inadequate. Moreover, the average rent for an apartment in our town has risen in recent years. Consequently, students will find it increasingly diffult to afford off-campus housing. Finally, attractive new dormintories would make prospective students more likely to enroll at Buckimgham."

White a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

The director of apartment claims three reasons for building new domicile for students.
Firstly, new dormitories can provide more space for increasing number of enrollment for the upcoming half decades. Moreover, on-campus apartments can give students another choice (alternatives) given the rising rent off-campus house. Furthermore, a suitable living environment can attract more potential students to BuCking

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7/28

argument 8：

The following appeared in a memo from the director of student housing at Buckingham College.

"To serve the housing needs of our students, Buckingham College should build a number of new dormitories. Buckingham's enrollment is growing and, based on current trends, will double over the next 50 years, thus making existing dormitory space inadequate. Moreover, the average rent for an apartment in our town has risen in recent years. Consequently, students will find it increasingly difficult to afford off-campus housing. Finally, attractive new dormitories would make prospective students more likely to enroll at Buckingham."

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

结论：Buckingham College should build a number of new dormitories

论据1：Buckingham's enrollment is growing and, based on current trends, will double over the next 50 years, thus making existing dormitory space inadequate.

论据2：Moreover, the average rent for an apartment in our town has risen in recent years. Consequently, students will find it increasingly difficult to afford off-campus housing.

论据3： Finally, attractive new dormitories would make prospective students more likely to enroll at Buckingham.  

练习：
The author claims that the Buckingham college should build more dormitories to fulfill the needs of the increasing students. It states that according to current trends, the number of students in the college will be twice as much in 50 years, and will make the campus's dormitories supplement insufficient. Also, the price increase of off-campus dormitories will aggravate the problem. Besides, the author maintains that new dorms could attract more prospective students.


Argument 75

原题：
The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a Batavia newspaper.

"The department of agriculture in Batavia reports that the number of dairy farms throughout the country is now 25 percent greater than it was 10 years ago. During this same time period, however, the price of milk at the local Excello Food Market has increased from $1.50 to over $3.00 per gallon.  To prevent farmers from continuing to receive excessive profits on an apparently increased supply of milk, the Batavia government should begin to regulate retail milk prices. Such regulation is necessary to ensure fair prices for consumers."

Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.

结论：the Batavia government should begin to regulate retail milk prices. Such regulation is necessary to ensure fair prices for consumers.

论据：
— Farmers continue to receive excessive profits on an apparently increased supply of milk
这一论据的支撑是：The department of agriculture in Batavia reports that the number of dairy farms throughout the country is now 25 percent greater than it was 10 years ago. During this same time period, however, the price of milk at the local Excello Food Market has increased from $1.50 to over $3.00 per gallon.  

练习：

The editor argues that Batavia government should regulate the market to protect consumers high retail milk price. To support this point of view, the editor states that the number of dairy farms increased a quarter while milk price doubled in local Excello Food Market during the past decade.


Argument 53 healthful lifestyles

原题：
53. The following appeared in a health magazine.

"The citizens of Forsythe have adopted more healthful lifestyles. Their responses to a recent survey show that in their eating habits they conform more closely to government nutritional recommendations than they did ten years ago. Furthermore, there has been a   increase in sales of food products containing kiran, a substance that a scientific study has shown reduces cholesterol. This trend is also evident in reduced sales of sulia, a food that few of the most healthy citizens regularly eat."

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.


结论：
The citizens of Forsythe have adopted more healthful lifestyles.

论据：
1 Their responses to a recent survey show that in their eating habits they conform more closely to government nutritional recommendations than they did ten years ago.
2 Furthermore, there has been a fourfold increase in sales of food products containing kiran, a substance that a scientific study has shown reduces cholesterol.
3 This trend is also evident in reduced sales of sulia, a food that few of the most healthy citizens regularly eat.

练习：

The healthy magazine claims that the citizens of Forsythe have lived more health than before according to a survey that shows they eat more closely to the government nutritional recommendations. Also, it is states that they also consume more healthy food – kiran, and less unhealthy food – sulia.

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2016.8.7开始练习：
练习一：Argument8
题目：The following appeared in a memo from the director of student housing at Buckingham College.

"To serve the housing needs of our students, Buckingham College should build a number of new dormitories. Buckingham's enrollment is growing and, based on current trends, will double over the next 50 years, thus making existing dormitory space inadequate. Moreover, the average rent for an apartment in our town has risen in recent years. Consequently, students will find it increasingly difficult to afford off-campus housing. Finally, attractive new dormitories would make prospective students more likely to enroll at Buckingham."

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
结论： Buckingham College should build a number of new dormitories.
论据：- Buckingham's enrollment is growing and, based on current trends, will double over the next 50 years, thus making existing dormitory space inadequate.

- Moreover, the average rent for an apartment in our town has risen in recent years. Consequently, students will find it increasingly difficult to afford off-campus housing.

- Finally, attractive new dormitories would make prospective students more likely to enroll at Buckingham.  

写出开头段的第一部分，概括原题中的结论和主要论据：
Acoording to the director,Buckingham College should build more new dorms in that the enrollment of Buckingham is growing rapidly in 5 decades.In addition,students will difficult to afford the rising rent of off-campus housing.And director also maintains that new dorms are attrcative to propective students enrollment.
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练习二：argument 1
题目：Woven baskets characterized by a particular distinctive pattern have previously been found only in the immediate vicinity of the prehistoric village of Palea and therefore were believed to have been made only by the Palean people. Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such a "Palean" basket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea. The Brim River is very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleans could have crossed it only by boat, and no Palean boats have been found. Thus it follows that the so-called Palean baskets were not uniquely Palean.

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
结论：The so-called Palean baskets were not uniquely Palean.
论据：
-archaeologists discovered such a "Palean" basket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea.
-The Brim River is very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleans could have crossed it only by boat, and no Palean boats have been found.
写出开头段的第一部分，概括原题中的结论和主要论据：
According to the argument,the Plean basket which assumped only made by Plean people and have been found that there are such a same basket in Lithos,a village across a deep and broad river from Palea.So,it can be said that the Palean baskets may not made in Palean only.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------练习三：argument3
题目：
The following appeared as a letter to the editor from a Central Plaza store owner.
"Over the past two years, the number of shoppers in Central Plaza has been steadily decreasing while the popularity of skateboarding has increased dramatically. Many Central Plaza store owners believe that the decrease in their business is due to the number of skateboard users in the plaza. There has also been a dramatic increase in the amount of litter and vandalism throughout the plaza. Thus, we recommend that the city prohibit skateboarding in Central Plaza. If skateboarding is prohibited here, we predict that business in Central Plaza will return to its previously high levels.”
  

Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.
结论：Many Central Plaza store owners believe that the decrease in their business is due to the number of skateboard users in the plaza.
论据：-Over the past two years, the number of shoppers in Central Plaza has been steadily decreasing while the popularity of skateboarding has increased dramatically.
        -There has also been a dramatic increase in the amount of litter and vandalism throughout the plaza.
写出开头段的第一部分，概括原题中的结论和主要论据：In the letter,many store owners in Central Plaza claims that the increasing number of skateboarders cause the decreasement in their bussiness.Besides,they think the amount of litter and vandalism around the plaza is the reason why customers didn't want to come.

alubafengUID: 3477481

练习一

抄写完整原题
The following appeared in a memo from the director of student housing at Buckingham College.

"To serve the housing needs of our students, Buckingham College should build a number of new dormitories. Buckingham's enrollment is growing and, based on current trends, will double over the next 50 years, thus making existing dormitory space inadequate. Moreover, the average rent for an apartment in our town has risen in recent years. Consequently, students will find it increasingly difficult to afford off-campus housing. Finally, attractive new dormitories would make prospective students more likely to enroll at Buckingham."

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

列出结论
To serve the housing needs of our students, Buckingham College should build a number of new dormitories.

列出论据
1. Buckingham's enrollment is growing and, based on current trends, will double over the next 50 years, thus making existing dormitory space inadequate.

2. Moreover, the average rent for an apartment in our town has risen in recent years. Consequently, students will find it increasingly difficult to afford off-campus housing.

3. Finally, attractive new dormitories would make prospective students more likely to enroll at Buckingham.

写出开头段的第一部分，概括原题中的结论和主要论据。

版本一
According to the director, the university should build more dormitories to meet with expected shortage of dorm space caused by the increasing enrollment. Moreover, these newly built dorms can help the students who cannot afford the risen rent price in town and meanwhile benefit the university to attract more students to the university.

版本二
According to the director, the university should build more dormitories for three as a consequence of the shortage of dorm space caused by the projected increasing enrollment, the difficulty for student to afford the off-campus housing caused by the risen house rent in average and the attraction to potential students brought by the new dorm rooms.

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Teacher, you work hard, just read your published, I learned, although I do not know what you write, but I know how to do it, so I still want to thank the teacher's explanation. Really thank you!

MerryxxzUID: 3751112

Argument 8
The following appeared in a memo from the director of student housing at Buckingham College.

"To serve the housing needs of our students, Buckingham College should build a number of new dormitories. Buckingham's enrollment is growing and, based on current trends, will double over the next 50 years, thus making existing dormitory space inadequate. Moreover, the average rent for an apartment in our town has risen in recent years. Consequently, students will find it increasingly difficult to afford off-campus housing. Finally, attractive new dormitories would make prospective students more likely to enroll at Buckingham."

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
论点：To serve the housing needs of our students, Buckingham College should build a number of new dormitories.
论据：1. Buckingham's enrollment is growing and, based on current trends, will double over the next 50 years, thus making existing dormitory space inadequate.
        2. The average rent for an apartment in our town has risen in recent years. Consequently, students will find it increasingly difficult to afford off-campus housing.   
       3. Finally, attractive new dormitories would make prospective students more likely to enroll at Buckingham.


开头第一段：
老师文章：
According to the director, Buckingham College should commit to building new dorms given the projected enrollment over the next 5 decades, the expected shortage of dorm space. He also argues that new dorms can help students who cannot afford off-campus apartments that have become more expensive in average and attract more prospective 前途 students to study at Buckingham.  

The director argues that more dorms should be built to meet the demand of housing among Buckingham students and to recruit more students to join the college.  
我的文章：
In this memo the director argues that BC should build a number of new dormitories in order to serve the housing needs of their students. To substantiate his suggestion, the arguer points out that the growing enrollment based on current trends will making the existing dormitory space inadequate. Moreover, the average rent for an apartment will rising in the following years which will make the students more difficult to afford off-campus housing. The author also claims that attractive new dormitories would make prospective students more likely to enroll at BC. In-depth study of this argument reveals that it is unconvincing in several aspects.

68.
原文：
A recent study reported that pet owners have longer, healthier lives on average than do people who own no pets. Specifically, dog owners tend to have a lower incidence of heart disease. In light of these findings, Sherwood Hospital should form a partnership with Sherwood Animal Shelter to institute an adopt-a-dog program. The program would encourage dog ownership for patients recovering from heart disease, which should reduce these patients' chance of experiencing continuing heart problems and also reduce their need for ongoing treatment. As a further benefit, the publicity about the program would encourage more people to adopt pets from the shelter. And that will reduce the incidence of heart disease in the general population.

Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.

论点：Sherwood Hospital should form a partnership with Sherwood Animal Shelter to institute an adopt-a-dog program.
论据：1）study shows that pet owners have longer and healthier lives on average than do people who own not pets.
             2)  dog owners tend to have a lower incidence of heart disease.
            3) adopt-a-dog program has a lot of benefits for reducing patients’ chance of experiencing continuing heart problems and their need for ongoing treatment, encouraging more people to adopt pets from the shelter and reducing the incidence of heart disease in the general population.
第一段：
In this argument the author concludes that Sherwood Hospital should institute an adopt-a-dog program by form a partnership with Sherwood Animal Shelter. To support this claim, the arguer points out that pets owners have longer and healthier lives and dog owners tend to have a lower incidence of heart disease. The author also claims that there will be a lot of benefits by this program such as reduce the patients’ continuing heart problems and incidence of heart disease in general population, encourage more people to adopt pets from the shelter. By in-depth reading of the argument, several unconvincing aspects have been found.

75
The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a Batavia newspaper.

"The department of agriculture in Batavia reports that the number of dairy farms throughout the country is now 25 percent greater than it was 10 years ago. During this same time period, however, the price of milk at the local Excello Food Market has increased from $1.50 to over $3.00 per gallon. To prevent farmers from continuing to receive excessive profits on an apparently increased supply of milk, the Batavia government should begin to regulate retail milk prices. Such regulation is necessary to ensure fair prices for consumers."

Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.
论点：the Batavia government should begin to regulate retail milk prices.
论据：1）The department of agriculture in Batavia reports that the number of dairy farms throughout the country is now 25 percent greater than it was 10 years ago.
        2）the price of milk at the local Excello Food Market has increased from $1.50 to over $3.00 per gallon
        3）To prevent farmers from continuing to receive excessive profits on an apparently increased supply of milk
        4）the Batavia government should begin to regulate retail milk prices. Such regulation is necessary to ensure fair prices for consumers.

第一段：
In this letter the editor concludes that in order to ensure fair prices the retail milk prices should be regulated by Batavia government. To support this claim, the editor points out that the number of country’s dairy farms is 25% greater than 10 years ago, however the milk price at local market has increased. Moreover, regulate retail milk prices can prevent farmers getting excessive profits. The author also claims that the price regulation is necessary to ensure fair prices for consumers. By in-depth reading of the argument, several unjustified aspects have been found.

HKMaryUID: 3746025

练习一

抄写完整原题
The following appeared in a memo from the director of student housing at Buckingham College.

"To serve the housing needs of our students, Buckingham College should build a number of new dormitories. Buckingham's enrollment is growing and, based on current trends, will double over the next 50 years, thus making existing dormitory space inadequate. Moreover, the average rent for an apartment in our town has risen in recent years. Consequently, students will find it increasingly difficult to afford off-campus housing. Finally, attractive new dormitories would make prospective students more likely to enroll at Buckingham."

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

列出结论
To serve the housing needs of our students, Buckingham College should build a number of new dormitories.

列出论据
1. Buckingham's enrollment is growing and, based on current trends, will double over the next 50 years, thus making existing dormitory space inadequate.

2. Moreover, the average rent for an apartment in our town has risen in recent years. Consequently, students will find it increasingly difficult to afford off-campus housing.

3. Finally, attractive new dormitories would make prospective students more likely to enroll at Buckingham.

写出开头段的第一部分，概括原题中的结论和主要论据

The director of Buckingham College argues to build more new dormitories to meet students’ needs, considering the significantly increasing trend of enrollment, hard access to rent houses due to higher rents in future and preference of prospective students to live in dormitories.

练习二
抄写原文
Woven baskets characterized by a particular distinctive pattern have previously been found only in the immediate vicinity of the prehistoric village of Palea and therefore were believed to have been made only by the Palean people. Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such a "Palean" basket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea. The Brim River is very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleans could have crossed it only by boat, and no Palean boats have been found. Thus it follows that the so-called Palean baskets were not uniquely Palean.
Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

列出结论
Thus it follows that the so-called Palean baskets were not uniquely Palean.

列出论据
1.archaeologists discovered such a "Palean" basket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea.
2.The Brim River is very deep and broad
3.the ancient Paleans could have crossed it only by boat, and no Palean boats have been found.

写出开头段的第一部分，概括原题中的结论和主要论据
It is argued that the so-called Palean baskets were not uniquely in Palean, because the basket was also found in Lithos across the river, which is extremely deep and wide. It also indicates that villagers in Palean did not have a command of producing ships yet, for no boats has been discovered there.

练习三
抄写原文
The following appeared as part of a letter to the editor of a scientific journal.
"A recent study of eighteen rhesus monkeys provides clues as to the effects of birth order on an individual's levels of stimulation. The study showed that in stimulating situations (such as an encounter with an unfamiliar monkey), firstborn infant monkeys produce up to twice as much of the hormone cortisol, which primes the body for increased activity levels, as do their younger siblings . Firstborn humans also produce relatively high levels of cortisol in stimulating situations (such as the return of a parent after an absence). The study also found that during pregnancy, first-time mother monkeys had higher levels of cortisol than did those who had had several offspring."
Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.

列出结论
the effects of birth order on an individual's levels of stimulation.

列出论据
1.in stimulating situations (such as an encounter with an unfamiliar monkey), firstborn infant monkeys produce up to twice as much of the hormone cortisol, which primes the body for increased activity levels, as do their younger siblings .
2.Firstborn humans also produce relatively high levels of cortisol in stimulating situations (such as the return of a parent after an absence).
3.The study also found that during pregnancy, first-time mother monkeys had higher levels of cortisol than did those who had had several offspring.

写出开头段的第一部分，概括原题中的结论和主要论据
A recent research finds that the effects of birth order on an individual's levels of stimulation by showing three biological experiment results: facing stimulus, both firstborn infant humans and monkey showed higher levels of cortisol than their younger siblings, and first-time mother monkeys also had more cortisol than those who already had a couple of children.

cocojneUID: 3771391

Argument 8

The following appeared in a memo from the director of student housing at Buckingham College.

"To serve the housing needs of our students, Buckingham College should build a number of new dormitories. Buckingham's enrollment is growing and, based on current trends, will double over the next 50 years, thus making existing dormitory space inadequate. Moreover, the average rent for an apartment in our town has risen in recent years. Consequently, students will find it increasingly difficult to afford off-campus housing. Finally, attractive new dormitories would make prospective students more likely to enroll at Buckingham."

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.


结论 Buckingham College should build a number of new dormitories，to serve the housing needs of our students
论据
1. Buckingham's enrollment is growing and, based on current trends, will double over the next 50 years, thus making existing dormitory space inadequate.
2. Moreover, the average rent for an apartment in our town has risen in recent years. Consequently, students will find it increasingly difficult to afford off-campus housing.
3. Finally, attractive new dormitories would make prospective students more likely to enroll at Buckingham.  
写出开头段的第一部分，概括原题中的结论和主要论据:
The director argues a necessity to build additional students dormitories to meet the increasing housing needs of students at Buckingham College, which are justified by surging enrollment projection, increasing apartment rent in the vicinity and additional benefits to attract prospective students to enroll at Buckingham.

argument 85

In a study of the reading habits of Waymarsh citizens conducted by the University of Waymarsh, most respondents said that they preferred literary classics as reading material. However, a second study conducted by the same researchers found that the type of book most frequently checked out of each of the public libraries in Waymarsh was the mystery novel. Therefore, it can be concluded that the respondents in the first study had misrepresented their reading habits.

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
结论Therefore, it can be concluded that the respondents in the first study had misrepresented their reading habits.
论据
1. In a study of the reading habits of Waymarsh citizens conducted by the University of Waymarsh, most respondents said that they preferred literary classics as reading material.
2. However, a second study conducted by the same researchers found that the type of book most frequently checked out of each of the public libraries in Waymarsh was the mystery novel.
开头改写1：
The author compared two studies conducted by one group of researchers from University of Waymarsh, one of which results that Waymarsh citizens’s prefer literacy classics  through reading habits survey and the other uses library records to show frequently borrowed book is mystery novel, to conclude misrepresentation of interviewees in first study.
改写2：
By pointing out the discrepancy of results in two studies conducted by same university researchers and surveyed citizens’ reading preference and checked library borrowing records respectively, the author comes to an conclusion that interviewees in the first study lied about their reading habits.

Argument 1
Woven baskets characterized by a particular distinctive pattern have previously been found only in the immediate vicinity of the prehistoric village of Palea and therefore were believed to have been made only by the Palean people. Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such a "Palean" basket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea. The Brim River is very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleans could have crossed it only by boat, and no Palean boats have been found. Thus it follows that the so-called Palean baskets were not uniquely Palean.

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
结论：Thus it follows that the so-called Palean baskets were not uniquely Palean.
论据：
1.  Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such a "Palean" basket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea.
2. The Brim River is very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleans could have crossed it only by boat, and no Palean boats have been found.
开头改写：
The arguer concludes that Palean baskets were not only made by the Palean people, since the particular basket has been discovered in the village across the river from Palea and no Palean boats were discovered, which is believed as the only way to pass the basket to the other side.


有个疑问，是所有论据都要写上吗？花费不少时间，如果像您简略版那样写，会不会有遗漏？怎么取舍？谢谢

JUN97UID: 3798289

Argument 8

The following appeared in a memo from the director of student housing at Buckingham College.

"To serve the housing needs of our students, Buckingham College should build a number of new dormitories. Buckingham's enrollment is growing and, based on current trends, will double over the next 50 years, thus making existing dormitory space inadequate. Moreover, the average rent for an apartment in our town has risen in recent years. Consequently, students will find it increasingly difficult to afford off-campus housing. Finally, attractive new dormitories would make prospective students more likely to enroll at Buckingham."

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.


结论 Buckingham College should build a number of new dormitories，to serve the housing needs of our students

论据
1. Buckingham's enrollment is growing and, based on current trends, will double over the next 50 years, thus making existing dormitory space inadequate.
2. Moreover, the average rent for an apartment in our town has risen in recent years. Consequently, students will find it increasingly difficult to afford off-campus housing.
3. Finally, attractive new dormitories would make prospective students more likely to enroll at Buckingham.  

写出开头段的第一部分，概括原题中的结论和主要论据:

The director talked about the necessity of building more new dormitories to satisfy the needs of our students based on the inadequate dormitory resulted from increasing enrollment, the benefit to students who have difficulty to afford rising off-campus housing and an effect of attracting more prospective students.

sunshinehanUID: 3762313

14.The following appeared as part of an article in a business magazine.
"A recent study rating 300 male and female Mentian advertising executives according to the average number of hours they sleep per night showed an association between the amount of sleep the executives need and the success of their firms. Of the advertising firms studied, those whose executives reported needing no more than 6 hours of sleep per night had higher profit margins and faster growth. These results suggest that if a business wants to prosper, it should hire only people who need less than 6 hours of sleep per night."

Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.

结论：
Base on that test, a business should hire the people who sleep less than 6 hours per night may becoming prosper.

论据：
A test of the relationship between the time for sleep per night and the people who working in advertising executive, shown that the executor sleep less than 6 hours per night can make more profit than the others.

开头：
A recently study among the people in the Mentian advertising executives with their average sleep time, shown that the executor who sleep less than 6 hours per day can make higher profit than the others.

Mathea_QUID: 3751874

谢谢大牛讲解~

oceannUID: 3637087

原题：

The following appeared in a memo from the director of student housing at Buckingham College.

"To serve the housing needs of our students, Buckingham College should build a number of new dormitories. Buckingham's enrollment is growing and, based on current trends, will double over the next 50 years, thus making existing dormitory space inadequate. Moreover, the average rent for an apartment in our town has risen in recent years. Consequently, students will find it increasingly difficult to afford off-campus housing. Finally, attractive new dormitories would make prospective students more likely to enroll at Buckingham."

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

结论： Buckingham College should build a number of new dormitories.
论据： 1. enrollment is growing 2. cannot afford off-campus housing 3. attractive new dorm

写出开头段的第一部分，概括原题中的结论和主要论据。
Buckingham College should build many new dormitories, because the growing enrollment of studens, the rising rent for off-campus apartments and to attractive prospective students by new dormitories.

参考答案

According to the director, Buckingham College should commit to building new dorms given the projected enrollment over the next 5 decades, the expected shortage of dorm space. He also argues that new dorms can help students who cannot afford off-campus apartments that have become more expensive in average and attract more prospective students to study at Buckingham.  

The director argues that more dorms should be built to meet the demand of housing among Buckingham students and to recruit more students to join the college.

改写：
短：The director argues that Buckingham College should build new dorms to fulfil the growing demand of on-campus housing among BuckingHam students and to attract prospective students to join the college.
长：The director argues that Buckingham College should build new dorms considering the growing enrollment which would cause inadequate dorm space. Moreover, he claims that it can also benefit students who cannot afford the rising rent of off-campus apartment and attract more prospective students to join the college.