年底大贴——TPO阅读疑难问题汇总解答

伟大的战士UID：2733693

再次问tpo10Chinese Pottery 11题
57楼的解答还是存在疑惑
为什么欧洲艺术的引进和希腊没关系了呢，本段前面一直都在说希腊如何如何，类比中国如何如何。最后一句突然说欧洲引入，很自然理解为就是希腊的东西。希腊不就是属于欧洲国家么？为什么欧洲引进能排除希腊呢？而且本段前面没说别的欧洲概念啊。楼主赐教，快考试了，正确率还是没有太大长进，特急。

gexumingUID：2649471

再次问tpo10Chinese Pottery 11题
57楼的解答还是存在疑惑
为什么欧洲艺术的引进和希腊没关系了呢，本段前面一直都在说希腊如何如何，类比中国如何如何。最后一句突然说欧洲引入，很自然理解为就是希腊的东西。希腊 ...
伟大的战士 发表于 2010-1-3 13:59

哥们儿，我当时疑惑和你一样。不过现在我也不是很明白，只是觉得最后一句话就是那道题的定位点,说欧洲理念引入了。感觉这最后一句话完全有点和文章或是和该段脱节，莫名其妙，一直在说希腊什么什么，然后说中国和希腊一样，什么什么的，突然冒一句欧洲理念的引入……然后就没有了……感觉是上也不是下也不是……

伟大的战士UID：2733693

77# gexuming
恩 哥们儿 你什么时候考啊  我发现你问的好几道题也正好都是我想问的 我1月17 加我qq5063853讨论一下问题 我擦 我快急死了 一直没进步 心情不好的时候还很退步

伟大的战士UID：2733693

难道因为是年底大贴 到了新年 亲爱的楼主就不管我们了么 不过楼主我们还是一如既往的感谢你 顶你

flash523UID：2520230

Infantile Amnesia（TPO6）
Paragraph 3: Three other explanations seem more promising．One involves physiological changes relevant to memory. Maturation of the frontal lobes of the

brain continues throughout early childhood．And this part of the brain may be critical for remembering particular episodes in ways that can be retrieved

later. Demonstrations of infants’ and toddlers' long-term memory have involved their repeating motor activities that they had seen or done earlier，such as

reaching in the dark for objects, putting a bottle in a doll’s mouth, or pulling apart two pieces of a toy. The brain’s level of physiological maturation

may support these types of memories, but not ones requiring explicit verbal descriptions.

5. What does paragraph 3 suggest about long-term memory in children?

○Maturation of the frontal lobes of the brain is important for the long-term memory of motor activities but not verbal descriptions．
○Young children may form long-term memories of actions they see earlier than of things they hear or are told．
○Young children have better long-term recall of short verbal exchanges than of long ones．无！
○Children’s long-term recall of motor activities increases when such activities are accompanied by explicit verbal descriptions

文勇给的答案是B,Saavedro给的是D。而我觉得是A。请教楼主！

伟大的战士UID：2733693

楼主再不出现 要出人命了 快考试了马上
求助文勇5.3 第40 LOIE FULLER

Paragraph 1: The United States dancer Loie Fuller (1862–1928) found theatrical dance in the late nineteenth century artistically unfulfilling. She considered herself an artist rather than a mere entertainer, and she, in turn, attracted the notice of other artists.

1. What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about theatrical dance in the late nineteenth century?
○It influenced many artists outside of the field of dance.
○It was very similar to theatrical dance of the early nineteenth century.
○It was more a form of entertainment than a form of serious art.
○It was a relatively new art form in the United States.
我选的第四个文章意思说她认为自己是艺术家胜于entertaine啊， 第三个答案意思和文章相反 这是如何infer的？

Paragraph 6: At the Paris Exposition in 1900, she had her own theater, where, in addition to her own dances, she presented pantomimes by the Japanese actress Sada Yocco. She assembled an all-female company at this time and established a school around 1908, but neither survived her. Although she is remembered today chiefly for her innovations in stage lighting, her activities also touched Isadora Duncan and Ruth St. Denis, two other United States dancers who were experimenting with new types of dance. She sponsored Duncan’s first appearance in Europe. Her theater at the Paris Exposition was visited by St. Denis, who found new ideas about stagecraft in Fuller’s work and fresh sources for her art in Sada Yocco’s plays. In 1924 St. Denis paid tribute to Fuller with the duet Valse à la Loie.

11. According to paragraph 6, what was true of Fuller’s theater at the Paris Exposition?
○It presented some works that were not by Fuller.
○It featured performances by prominent male as well as female dancers.
○It became a famous school that is still named in honor of Fuller.
○It continued to operate as a theater after Fuller died.
不明白第一个选项为何正确 我觉得第二个和第三个都沾点边啊

伟大的战士UID：2733693

文勇5.3
41 GREEN ICEBERGS
Paragraph 3: The ice shelf cores, with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet), were long enough to penetrate through glacial ice—which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles—and to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice formed from seawater that freezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice. The properties of this clear sea ice were very similar to the ice from the green iceberg. The scientists concluded that green icebergs form when a two-layer block of shelf ice breaks away and capsizes (turns upside down), exposing the bubble-free shelf ice that was formed from seawater.
Paragraph 4: A green iceberg that stranded just west of the Amery Ice Shelf showed two distinct layers: bubbly blue-white ice and bubble-free green ice separated by a one-meter-long ice layer containing sediments. The green ice portion was textured by seawater erosion. Where cracks were present, the color was light green because of light scattering; where no cracks were present, the color was dark green. No air bubbles were present in the green ice, suggesting that the ice was not formed from the compression of snow but instead from the freezing of seawater. Large concentrations of single-celled organisms with green pigments (coloring substances) occur along the edges of the ice shelves in this region, and the seawater is rich in their decomposing organic material. The green iceberg did not contain large amounts of particles from these organisms, but the ice had accumulated dissolved organic matter from the seawater. It appears that unlike salt, dissolved organic substances are not excluded from the ice in the freezing process. Analysis shows that the dissolved organic material absorbs enough blue wavelengths from solar light to make the ice appear green.
5. According to paragraph 4, how is glacial ice formed?
○By the compaction of snow
○By the freezing of seawater on the bottom of ice shelves
○By breaking away from the ice shelf
○By the capsizing of a two-layer block of shelf ice

6. According to paragraph 4, ice shelf cores helped scientists explain the formation of green icebergs by showing that
○the ice at the bottom of green icebergs is bubble-free ice formed from frozen seawater
○bubble-free ice is found at the top of the ice shelf
○glacial ice is lighter and floats better than sea ice
○the clear sea ice at the bottom of the ice shelf is similar to ice from a green iceberg

7. Why does the author mention that “The green ice portion was textured by seawater erosion”?
○To explain why cracks in the iceberg appeared light green instead of dark green
○To suggest that green ice is more easily eroded by seawater than white ice is
○To support the idea that the green ice had been the bottom layer before capsizing
○To explain how the air bubbles had been removed from the green ice
第五题和第六题是不是定位错了 考点应该是从p3出的。
第六题为什么是by showing similar？我觉得文章showing的目的是similar。该如何理解第四选项。

第七题我选的第四个，不明白为何错了，第三个为何对了？

gexumingUID：2649471

楼主再不出现 要出人命了 快考试了马上
求助文勇5.3 第40 LOIE FULLER

Paragraph 1: The United States dancer Loie Fuller (1862–1928) found theatrical dance in the late nineteenth century artistically  ...
伟大的战士 发表于 2010-1-5 13:14

z 9 s# {* i1 K7 C* F. F# W7 g

我帮你吧，均是个人意见，有什么不对，欢迎讨论。
Paragraph 1: The United States dancer Loie Fuller (1862–1928) found theatrical dance in the late nineteenth century artistically unfulfilling. She considered herself an artist rather than a mere entertainer, and she, in turn, attracted the notice of other artists。

红色部分你怎么理解的？
对于答案C，文章是一种反语，正式因为她自己觉得自己更是艺术家，来反衬出大众觉得她是entertainer，即答案C。至于答案D，一种新的艺术形式，这个事文章直接告诉你的，不是inffer。（这里可能有更好的解释，欢迎讨论。）

Paragraph 6: At the Paris Exposition in 1900, she had her own theater, where, in addition to her own dances, she presented pantomimes by the Japanese actress Sada Yocco. She assembled an all-female company at this time and established a school around 1908, but neither survived her. Although she is remembered today chiefly for her innovations in stage lighting, her activities also touched Isadora Duncan and Ruth St. Denis, two other United States dancers who were experimenting with new types of dance. She sponsored Duncan’s first appearance in Europe. Her theater at the Paris Exposition was visited by St. Denis, who found new ideas about stagecraft in Fuller’s work and fresh sources for her art in Sada Yocco’s plays. In 1924 St. Denis paid tribute to Fuller with the duet Valse à la Loie.
对于A，很明显一些表演不是F本人，有by the Japanese actress Sada Yocco等，如果这个选项该成：It presented works not only by Fuller .我想你会选吧？
至于B，feature这个你是从哪看出的？还有C，named in honor of Fuller,你又是从哪看出的？
红色处你是怎么理解的？

jiang08UID：2391146

Reflection in Teaching (TPO9)
Paragraph 6: The work of Wildman and Niles suggests the importance of recognizing some of the difficulties of instituting reflective practice. Others have noted this, making a similar point about the teaching profession's cultural inhibitions about reflective practice. Zeichner and Liston (1987) point out the inconsistency between the role of the teacher as a (reflective) professional decision maker and the more usual role of the teacher as a technician, putting into practice the ideas of others. More basic than the cultural issues is the matter of motivation. Becoming a reflective practitioner requires extra work (Jaworski,
1993) and has only vaguely defined goals with, perhaps, little initially perceivable reward and the threat of vulnerability. Few have directly questioned what might lead a teacher to want to become reflective. Apparently, the most obvious reason for teachers to work toward reflective practice is that teacher educators think it is a good thing. There appear to be many unexplored matters about the motivation to reflect-for example, the value of externally motivated reflection as opposed to that of teachers who might reflect by habit.

10. According to paragraph 6, teachers may be discouraged from reflecting because
… it is not generally supported by teacher educators 无
… the benefits of reflection may not be apparent immediately   似乎就是目标渺茫   has only vaguely defined goals
… it is impossible to teach and reflect on one's teaching at the same time   无
… they have often failed in their attempts to become reflective practitioners    the threat of vulnerability？

麻烦楼主分析下BD两个选项。谢谢了。

wyac 发表于 2009-12-30 22:12

B的paraphrase很精确
但是D的不太对。看文章中阻挠教师自我反思的几个因素：
the inconsistency between the role of the teacher as a (reflective) and the more usual role of the teacher as a technician。
the matter of motivation。
没有提到因为他们失败而导致discouraged。
而the threat of vulnerability是motivation中的一部分。

jiang08UID：2391146

tpo3 ARCHITECTURE
Paragraph 5: Modern architectural forms generally have three separate components comparable to elements of the human body; a supporting skeleton or frame, an outer skin enclosing the interior spaces, equipment, similar to the body’s vital organs and systems. The equipment includes plumbing, electrical wiring, hot water, and air-conditioning. Of course in early architecture—such as igloos and adobe structures—there was no such equipment, and the skeleton and skin were often one.

8. Which of the following correctly characterizes the relationship between the human body and architecture that is described in paragraph5?
○Complex equipment inside buildings is the one element in modern architecture that resembles a component of the human body.
○The components in early buildings were similar to three particular elements of the human body.
○Modern buildings have components that are as likely to change as the human body is.
○In general, modern buildings more closely resemble the human body than earlier buildings do.
答案是4，为什么不是1. 另saavedro版的答案1选项跟文勇这个不同Complex equipment inside buildings is the only one element in modern architecture that resembles a component of the human body. 请楼主指点... ...
wyac 发表于 2009-12-30 22:12

选项1 应该是saavedro版的比较对吧。。。
说选项4：先看下这个https://bbs.gter.net/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=1039484&page=4#pid1773452657
有点联系

jiang08UID：2391146

TPO 10 第三篇 Seventeenth-century European economic growth
The rapid expansion in international trade also benefitted from an infusion of capital, stemming largely from gold and silver brought by Spanish vessels from the Americas. This capital financed the production of goods, storage, trade ,and even credit across Europe and overseas. Moreover, an increased credit supply was generated by investments and loans by bankers and wealthy merchants to states and by joint-stock partnerships-an English innovation (the first major company began in 1600). Unlike short-term financial cooperation between investors for a single commercial undertaking, joint-stock companies provided permanent funding of capital by drawing on the investments of merchants and other investors who purchased shares in the company.

According to Paragraph 8, each of the following was a source of funds used to finance economic expansion EXCEPT
1.Groups of investors engaged in short-term financial cooperation
2.The state
3.Wealthy merchants
4.Joint-stock companies
A,D很容易就排除了，关键是BC,请楼主讲下这句：Moreover, an increased credit supply was generated by investments and loans by bankers and wealthy merchants to states and by joint-stock partnerships。
我的理解是：不断增加的赊账主要是有 investments ，loans by bankers ，wealthy merchants to states ，by joint-stock partnerships提供的。但是这里，wealthy merchants to states怎么理解？关键是to.理解成：这个国家富有的商人？


谢谢gexuming 发表于 2009-12-26 17:01

关于states 看这篇第4段中间部分“In the German states”，可见states泛指的就是国家。
“Moreover, an increased credit supply was generated by investments and loans by bankers and wealthy merchants to states and by joint-stock partnerships。”这句话你理解的基本和我一致。就是关于那个to， 我理解为“来到这个国家的富有商人”。有些brought to的意思。

jiang08UID：2391146

TPO 10 第三篇 Seventeenth-century European economic growth
Increased agricultural production in turn facilitated rural industry, an intrinsic part of the expansion of industry. Woolens and textile manufacturers, in particular, utilized rural cottage (in-home) production, which took advantage of cheap and plentiful rural labor. In the German states, the ravages of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) further moved textile production into the countryside. Members of poor peasant families spun or wove cloth and linens at home for scant remuneration in an attempt to supplement meager family income.

19 paragraph 4 supports the idea that increased agricultural production was important for the expansion of industry primarily because it
0 increased the number of available workers in rural areas
0 provided new types of raw materials for use by industry
0 resulted in an improvement in the health of the rural cottage workers by manufacturers
0 helped repair some of the ravages of the thrity years'war
这题BCD可以排除，但是A从何而来呢？更多可用的工人，是农业发展对工业的扩张重要的原因？没看出来啊，文中只举了个例子，说是受益于rural labor，但不能扩大范围的说就是其重要的原因吧？还有就是文中in turn facilitated 怎么理解？
gexuming 发表于 2009-12-26 17:01

in turn facilitated ：in turn 表示“反过来”， 前一段主题句表明经济发展依赖于农业发展。而这一段说的是颠倒的关系。facilitate是动词表示 促进。这词很不错 ibt写作也可以用。后面可以搭配understanding/relationship/growth等词。跑题了。。。
这题我也不太明白的说。。。只能尽力：
文中没有用for example 而是in particular，表明这是有代表性的industry。关键词是rural cottage production，而其本质就是用工人。

jiang08UID：2391146

Types of Social Groups (TPO13)
Life places us in a 【complex】web of relationships with other people. Our humanness arises out of these
relationships in the course of social interaction. Moreover, our humanness must be sustained through social interaction—and fairly constantly so. When an association continues long enough for two people to become linked together by a relatively stable set of expectations, it is called a relationship.


2. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of a relationship?
… It is a structure of associations with many people.
… It should be studied in the course of a social interaction.
… It places great demands on people.
… It develops gradually overtime.

麻烦分析下BD
flash523 发表于 2010-1-1 15:30

B：找原文的关键词“in the course of a social interaction”。原文表达的是：通过social interaction和relationship，我们的人性得以体现。而B选项中的studied在原文没有提到。
D：看原文最后一句话，可以读出relationship是social interaction中的一种。更具体的说，是发展到一定程度后，叫做relationship。这段中表示时间发展的关键词：红字标出。

jiang08UID：2391146

Types of Social Groups (TPO13)
Primary groups are fundamental to us and to society. First, primary groups are critical to the socialization process. Within them, infants and children are introduced to the ways of their society. Such groups are the breeding grounds in which we acquire the norms and values that equip us for social life. 【Sociologists view primary groups as bridges between individuals and the larger society because they transmit, mediate, and interpret a society's cultural patterns and provide the sense of oneness so critical for social solidarity.】

8. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the 【highlighted sentence】 in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

… Sociologists think that cultural patterns establish connections between the individual and the larger
society.主语不对。烧了后半句

… Sociologists believe that individuals with a sense of oneness bridge the gap between society and primary groups.主语不对！

… Sociologists think primary groups contribute to social solidarity because they help maintain a society's
cultural patterns.          social solidarity because maintain a society's cultural patterns. 也是无端的

… Sociologists believe that the cultural patterns that provide social solidarity arise as bridges from primary groups.                    主语确实有些问题。cultural patterns that provide social solidarity 是无端的。

麻烦分析下CD

flash523 发表于 2010-1-1 15:30

原文中的确有social solidarity和maintain a society's cultural patterns。看红字部分。they指的就是primary groups。后面写出了primary groups的两个作用。一是transmit, mediate, and interpret a society's cultural patterns =help maintain a society's cultural patterns. 二是provide the sense of oneness so critical for social solidarity=contribute to social solidarity。（选项C）

选项D：几个名词之间的关系混乱了。原文中provide social solidarity的是  primary groups而不是cultural patterns 。

jiang08UID：2391146

Third, primary groups are fundamental because they serve as powerful instruments for social control. Their members command and dispense many of the rewards that are so vital to us and that make our lives seem worthwhile. Should the use of rewards fail, members can frequently win by rejecting or threatening to ostracize those who 【deviate】 from the primary group's norms. For instance, some social groups employ shunning (a person can remain in the community, but others are forbidden to interact with the person) as a device to bring into line individuals whose behavior goes beyond that allowed by the particular group. Even more important, primary groups define social reality for us by structuring our experiences. By providing us with definitions of situations, they elicit from us behavior that conforms to group-devised meanings. Primary groups, then, serve both as carriers of social norms and as enforcers of them.6 H) K: W1 _5 `4 ?
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11. According to paragraph 7, why would a social group use shunning?+ g3 A' ?+ C9 p6 n  R
… To enforce practice of the kinds of behavior acceptable to the group+ ~2 y1 {7 ^/ c8 ?: L% m% `- c, ^1 Z
… To discourage offending individuals from remaining in the group 无5 S1 d* B1 j1 z7 }' [* e
… To commend and reward the behavior of the other members of the group& ^( F3 L) K7 V- O
… To decide which behavioral norms should be passed on to the next generation?8 Z+ v- A6 f4 l' w" c' }
  B# \2 `( y2 }& _1 f4 T) i6 @
麻烦分析下AC
flash523 发表于 2010-1-1 15:30

先看原文。这一段的主题句是第一句，关键词是powerful instruments for social control。后面都在描述social control的具体内容。第二句：用奖赏的方式来control。第三句：若奖赏不行，则用惩罚。然后是举例说明了。所以题目中shunning，要追溯到这段的主题句去。
选项：
A：=social control。
C：原文红字部分表明，shunning之类的行为是reward不可行的时候得手段。因此C不正确。