1010G【fish】issue153

azure9UID: 2789030

153"Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. They should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively."

请于6月04日晚23点前提交作业。并把作业word文档发给互改的组员
1--->2指，1帮2改，2的作文给1改

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第一次自改文上交的时间是：6月05日晚23点

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第二次自改文的上交时间是：6月07日晚23点

azure9UID: 2789030

Skepticism is not denying the truth, but the way to explore them. Holding skepticism to the study is a good altitude for students, for it can develop their initiative, independent and communication skill. A good teacher can be the one leading students to walk by their own. While, there are still a lot of situation can be reformed in the teaching process to make students can free to question.

A good question can lead students to the way of revealing the truth. The stuff which is touch in the class is restricting by the time, space and the learning of teachers. When knowledge, skills, or values are told by teachers, there are still a large part of them has been left behind the platforms. And what is translated to students has already been ruminate by teachers and be added their own understanding more or less. Certain skepticism can help students reveal the huge world hidden under the surface. It encourages them to dig deeply and during possess of questioning, they will learn more.
By doing so, they can build their own system of knowledge, values and way to solve problems.

A ideal teacher should function as a guide or mentor, who lead studies to explore the knowledge by their own. They should make the learning possess of skepticism and discovery by action rather than just receiving. It is the effective way to study. During the course of teaching, teacher could leave some space for students to seek the answers their own. Under such education style, student would develop the ability of self-teaching, independent and criticical thinking.

Well, since the lecturing still be the large parts of the teaching, to bring certain skepticism to the class is restricted by the respect to the pundits. It is negative for creative and independent. The press from authority would hinder students from innovation. It also enables students to think independence. So how to embolden students to question the authority is the challenge for education today. To encourage students to hold certain skepticism and question what they are taught, they can learn more from the confusing and also broaden their horizon of knowledge.

In conclusion, Skepticism is indispensible in study possess. It would help students to develop their own system of values, thoughts and the ability of learning. And the teaching should take the responsibility to encourage students to bring their skepticism to the class.

呃...寫不出來...

azure9UID: 2789030

占

谦行天下UID: 2797557

As Einstein said: 'ask a question to solve a problem, more often than not is more important.’ skepticism is not only an important learning method for students, but also good for scientists. By asking questions, students’ could understand a question from two sides, be more creative, push some questions forward truth. So do scientists. Besides, people thinking in a skeptical way are not easy meat for con-men.

Firstly, asking question shows high proficiency in acquiring materials. If students could not understand the study materials, asking question is an effective way to digest them. Students need to understand the issue first, and then they can raise further questions on it. Judging from questions raised by students, teachers could get to know how efficient the teaching materials had been put through. In this way, teachers can change the content of their teaching according to students questions. Therefore, asking questions by students is a highly efficient for teaching and learning because both teachers and students get what the students need to know.

Secondly, skepticism could culture students' creative thought and promote science make a progress towards truth. Creation, which means something from what have not exist before, can be motivated by skepticism. There exist some hegemons in history that stifle creativity and block the way towards truth. Some skeptical people standed up and enlightened the way towards truth. For instance, Nicolas Copernicus challenged the mindset and found that it was heliocentric. The Wright Brothers got the idea to invent the airplane when public opinions never image flying on the sky.

Lastly, skepticism could benefit students from dupery. Although it is highly civilized in society nowadays and a lot of laws and restrictions protect people from dupery, there exist some quacks and hypocrites who escape the punishment of laws and restrictions. If people always hold a doubt attitude towards some tricks, they benefit from financial losses and emotional harms. It will not be easy for you to believe that some people boast that their properties worth millions of dollars.

All in all, skepticism not only benefit academic workers, including scientists and students, but also protect people from harm. Asking question is a highly effective way of learning, and it evokes creative thinking and the courage to challenge authority.

===========第一次自改文=====我看小凝给我改了，我就先把一改放上来了，小凝，谢了！==================
As Einstein said: 'ask a question to solve a problem, more often than not is more important.’ skepticism is not only an important learning method for students, but also good for scientists. By asking questions, students’ could understand a question from two sides, be more creative, and push some questions forward truth. So do scientists. Besides, people thinking in a skeptical way are not easy meat for con-men（骗子,小凝，意思是说不容易上当，不是骗子的“肉”）.

Firstly, asking question shows high proficiency in acquiring materials. If students could not understand the study materials, asking question is an effective way to digest them. Students need to understand the issue first, and then they can raise further questions on it. Judging from questions raised by students, teachers could get to know how efficient the teaching materials had been put through. In this way, teachers can change the content of their teaching according to students questions. Therefore, asking questions by students is highly efficient for teaching and learning because both teachers and students get what the students need to know.

Secondly, skepticism could
culture students' creative thought and push science closer towards truth. Creation, which means something from what have not exist before, can be evoked by skepticism. There exist some hegemons in history that stifle creativity and block the way towards truth. Some skeptical people standed up and enlightened the way to the top of truth. For instance, Nicolas Copernicus challenged the mindset and found that it was heliocentric. The Wright Brothers got the idea to invent the airplane when public opinions never image flying on the sky.

Lastly, skepticism could benefit students from dupery. Although it is highly civilized in society nowadays and a lot of laws and restrictions protect people from dupery, there exist some quacks and hypocrites who escape the punishment of laws and restrictions. If people always hold a doubt attitude towards some tricks, they benefit from financial losses and emotional harms. You will not be taken in so easily when some people boast that their properties worth millions of dollars.

All in all, skepticism not only benefits academic workers, including scientists and students, but also protects people from harm. Asking question is a highly effective way of learning, and it motivates creative thought and raises people’s courage to challenge authority.

===============小V改=====自改文====加字到将近500，真不容易============
As Einstein said: 'ask a question to solve a problem, more often than not is more important.’ skepticism is not only an important learning method for students, but also good for scientists. By asking questions, students could understand a question from two sides, be more creative, and push some questions forward truth. Besides, people thinking in a skeptical way are not easy meat for con-men.

Firstly, asking questions shows high proficiency in acquiring materials. On one hand, asking question opens the door to illustrate some tough learning materials. If students could not understand the study materials, asking question is an effective way to digest them. Judging from questions raised by students, teachers could get to know what the efficiency of the teaching materials had been put through is. In this way, teachers can change the content of their teaching according to students’ questions. On the other hand, asking questions means exploring further to what already unknown, which is called curious to what has been known. Students need to understand the issue first, and then they can raise further questions on it. Therefore, asking questions by students is highly efficient for teaching and learning because both teachers and students can get what the students need to know.

Secondly, skepticism could culture students' creative thought and push science closer towards truth. Creation, which means something from what have not exist before, can be evoked by skepticism. If people never doubt about something, they will never break down the limitation of existing knowledge. There exist some hegemon in history that stifle creativity and block the way towards truth. Some skeptical people stood up and enlightened the way to the top of truth. For instance, Nicolas Copernicus challenged the mindset and found that it was heliocentric. The Wright Brothers got the idea to invent the airplane when public opinions never image flying on the sky. Magellan's circumnavigation of the earth proved that it is a globe when everyone forecasted that he would never come back because earth is flat. It was the courage to doubt that brought us across the boundary into a more reasonable world.

Lastly, skepticism could benefit students from dupery. Although it is highly civilized in society nowadays and a lot of laws and restrictions protect people from dupery, there exist some quacks and hypocrites who escape the punishment of laws and restrictions. There are numbers of people’s experience of being fooled broadcasted on TV everyday. If people always hold a doubt attitude towards some suspicious person, kind people would benefit from financial losses and emotional harms. You will not be taken in so easily when some people boast that their properties worth millions of dollars. Thus, skepticism could protect cilizens from unscrupulous person.

All in all, skepticism not only benefits academic workers, including scientists and students, but also protects people from harm. Asking question is a highly effective way of learning, and it motivates creative thought and raises people’s courage to challenge authority.

谦行天下UID: 2797557

改小C

Skepticism is not denying the truth, but the way to explore them. Holding skepticism to the study is a good altitude[attitude] for students, for it can develop their initiative, independent and communication skills. A good teacher can be the one leading students to walk by their own. While, there are still a lot of situation can be reformed in the teaching process to make students can free to question.

A good question can lead students to the way of revealing the truth. The stuff which is touch in the class is restricting[restricted] by the time, space and the learning of teachers. On one hand, When knowledge, skills, or values are told[better ‘passed on’] by teachers, there are still a large part of them [which] has been left behind the platforms. [And][On the other hand,] what is translated to students has already been ruminate by teachers and be added their own understanding more or less, which might be wrong or misleading. Certain skepticism can help students reveal the huge world hidden under the surface. It encourages them to dig deeply and during possess of questioning, they will learn more. By doing so, they can build their own system of knowledge, values and way to solve problems.

An ideal teacher should function as a guider or mentor, who leads studies [students] to explore the knowledge by their own. They should make the learning possess of skepticism and discovery by action rather than just receiving. It is the[an] effective way to study. For example, [我觉得后面这句可以作为前面那句的例子，补充说明‘教师可培养出怀疑精神的一种方法’]During the course of teaching, teacher could leave some space for students to seek the answers their own. 【还可以再扩充其他的方法】Under such education style, student would develop the ability of self-teaching, independent and criticical [critical] thinking.

Well, since the lecturing still be the large parts of the teaching, to bring certain skepticism to the class is restricted by the respect to the pundits[. It][, which] is negative for creative and independent education. The press from authority would hinder students from innovation. It also enables students to think independence[dependently. 如果我的理解是It指前文的the press，这句话的意思好像反了]. So how to embolden students to question the authority is the challenge for education today. To encourage students to hold certain skepticism and question what they are taught, they can learn more from the confusing and also broaden their horizon of knowledge.

In conclusion, Skepticism is indispensible in study possess. It would help students to develop their own system of values, thoughts and the ability of learning. And the teaching should take the responsibility to encourage students to bring their skepticism to the class.


==================================
改小凝   purple means to learn form you
To learn the knowledge as it originally is or to grow skeptical eyes on everything you meet was once a hot spot in educational circles. Indeed, life is doubt, and faith without doubt is nothing but death, in Miguel de Unamuno’s words.【目瞪口呆！】 But is it still practical to those who just start their student life? They own so little and their knowledge framework is so attenuate that if they bring skepticism to their study, it will only bring about more confusion that can stir up what they have. That may be the reason why the private schools in the past only required the students read the books again and again but failed to encourage them to think why these came into being. However, the abortion of the old teaching style shows us that the picture should be totally different.

Knowledge is the product of human’s ingenuity after so many years’ hard work and struggle. However, it’s not the theorem that once passes testimony, it will never change.【这俩分句之间得有连接词吧？】 At a specific time, people’s horizon is limited by their experience, the characteristics of that time and the basic knowledge they have. This limitation will be brought into their thinking, thus has an influence on their new-found theory and knowledge. Like the geocentricism, once so popular and occupied for more than three centuries, was finally taken place by heliocentricism, put forward by Copernicus Nicholas, the most famous and brave astronomer. And we have no idea what the development of astronomy will be like if we still insist the world is flat.[有点突兀，因为前面讲日心说，地心说呢，突然切换到flat上，不如继续说，“无法想象如果继续坚持地心说是什么样子”，如果要说‘fat’，建议换稍微详细一点来表述] It’s not hard to see that some drugs that have used for many years are forbidden when people turn back and find the side-effect. Every day, we absorb former treasure, and dig out something more fresh and complicate[complicated]. Thus, with the new finding and advanced technology, we can test and correct what we own and go further.
//说怀疑推动我们进步，更正从前的错误
Keeping skeptical to whatever we learn doesn’t mean that we aim at figuring out the mistake existing in the knowledge system, and it is too strict and tough for those who don’t devote their lives to research. Instead, we regard it as a way to deeper our understanding, arouse our interest and widen our horizon. Learning is more the interaction between your mind and the foregoers than a dull procedure that reviews the same rules again and again. You will never experience the fun of doing experiments if you just read the biology books and accept what it provides to you, and you never figure out the excitement when you pick up some faults from books after days of thinking. It’s not a competition between you and the book writer to see who is an expert, but a competition between the person you use to be and the exactly one you are nowadays. People should make progress every now and then. Questioning what you are taught is the exactly way to push you forward.
//怀疑并不是你和权威的较量，而是一种提高自己的方式
Moreover, view from the opposite angle, accepting passively will limit the knowledge to what we already know, set up obstacles in the way of creation, thus, slow down or even sluggish the development of science and technology. If the theory of relativity has not put forward, classical mechanics, may be still the great barrier that hold back people’s trying.
//反过来说，如果没有怀疑的精神会扼杀创造性
View from the whole history of human culture, we are never satisfied with what we have. We learn, we try, then we struggle to achieve better. For those countries that stand in the forefront of science, they never agree with the Victorian attitude to accepting what they are given, but they grow skeptical eyes on it and search better ways to explain the fact. So, as a teacher, he should encourage the students to think over whatever they study. It can light up the hope for the future, also for our nation.
小凝，我都在学习~~你的作文

agnes2010UID: 2794922

感觉例子写的好乱....凌晨思路有点不清楚了...麻烦帮我改文的同学啦~

“The key to open the door of all the science is no doubt an interrogation: most of our great discoveries are duet to ‘how’. While the intelligence of our life lies in the question of ‘why’ whatever we meet we asked,” said Balzac, the famous French writer, declaring the significance of skepticism, which can not be overlooked in education even nowadays. I believed a certain skepticism will not only benefit ourselves but also promote the development of science.

First of all, skepticism is the disbelief in claims of ultimate knowledge. When bringing a certain skepticism to study, students may experience the course of initiative learning which will benefit their personal development. Roughly speaking, there are two possibilities leading to an interrogation: the student does not understand the fact at all or he/she can not reach an agreement with the teacher. So the student needs to ask ‘what’, ‘why’, ‘how’…During the interrogation, they take the initiative to explore the truth of fact and cultivate the enthusiasm in study by solving problems, thus making the knowledge learned become much more profound and more impressive.

In addition, learning to make interrogations, students will surely stimulate his/her curiosity and innovation. For example, before school days are coming, Einstein had already become skeptical to everything. Once he found a compass, the needle in it suddenly arouse his attention. Little Einstein buried himself in studying the compass to solve several questions: “Why the needle always directs the North? What force drives it to the direction?” This compass experience was so impressive that even in his age of 67, Einstein can still recall such experience which totally arouse his curiosity. During his later work, he applied all this curiosity into his research, which also brings the ability of innovation to him because of the excitement of discovering new things.

What’s more, as Balzac said once, most of our great discoveries are duet to ‘how’, it is skepticism that always contributes to the success in science. Take the discovery of X-rays as an example, at the end of 19th century, William Roentgen, a German scientist, discovered X-rays by accident. When he accidentally found the strange phenomenon, he did not turn a blind eye to it like the former scientist（Crooks from France, Learnard from Germany）, who missed the great discovery because of ignorance of problems. Thanks to the skepticism Roentgen owned, he made a great contribution to humanity and the discovery of X-rays crowned him the first winner of the Nobel Prize in physics. Plenty of scientific achievements are made possible by haphazard discoveries, and this is also true in other field such as the domain of economy since lots of business decisions are made by brainstorm among skeptical and creative people.

In sum up, it is necessary for students to bring a certain skepticism to what they learned or met as appropriate skepticism will be beneficial to both personal and social development. Therefore, the importance of skepticism should be attached from childhood.

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3号在请假~好像没人改~

agnes2010UID: 2794922

改Ity——————————————————

The speaker claims that students should be skeptical in whatever they study and should not accept passively whatever they are taught. In my point of view, although incorrect skepticism might be counterproductive to【学习~达不到预期目标的】 students' study, I strongly support the speaker's perspective. Therefore, students should be encouraged to think critically about whatever they have been taught or presented inside or outside school.

Being skeptic is not a radical way of thinking, but a logical thought process. It is important for healthy skepticism to keep our minds open to new ideas, and to prevent us from being unthinking dogmatists with no private judgement. If there were no one in the world to doubt, then we will all still believe the world is flat, and the earth is the centre of space. With skepticism, scientists will find fallacies in old axioms and laws, so that they can create new effective theories. With skepticism, producer will find out the flaws in their products and improve them to become more solid and reliable. With skepticism, musicians and artists will bring us a new era of arts, which can make our life varied and colourful.【这一段排比好棒~学习学习！】 Hence skepticism is a healthy outlook that does not hinder our society, as some may have you believe, but benefits it.
【善于质疑可以让人拓宽新思路 造福社会】

Nobody is perfect, everybody makes mistakes. Nowadays, in schools, students always learn new knowledge from their teacher with undoubted acceptance, which will lead to a severe problem. In class, even if the theories the teachers teach are beyond doubt, it is wholly possible that teachers have taught them in a wrong way which may mislead the students who do not have senses to doubt it. The goal of education is not the marks of examinations, correct answers, or even knowledge itself but the ways of learning and thinking which help adolescents to adapt to new circumstances and make progress in society. Therefore, it is of particular importance to cultivate students' critical thinking skills so that by the time they face a problem with no definite and correct answer, their minds will not freeze when regarding what is to be done.
【对学生来说，质疑的态度可以让他们更好地辨识错误而不至于盲目】这一段的陈述好棒啊~~值得学习 Ity的文字功底好不错

Certainly, improper skepticism may also make students become time-wasters. Skepticism does not mean to be skeptical of anything, nor does it mean to doubt without evidence. It must take too much time if students doubt everything they study even if these knowledge have already been proved to be true. Students should not waste time on minor details but ignore the major points, and they have to accumulate more theories and experience before they want to become a skeptic. Thereby, students have to learn more knowledge and learn how to doubt so that he can find the problems and create new ideas, rather than waste time on trivial things.
【让步：过度的不适当的质疑会浪费时间，因小失大】

In all, students should be encouraged to bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. The way of thinking critically is important for students to contribute to the society instead of passively acceptance which may only make them follow the others' ideas. Meanwhile, we also need to teach students to be skeptical in a proper way, or will learn nothing but skepticism.

总结：读下来感觉一气呵成~很棒很棒~
觉得Ity的写作功底好不错啊~几乎没有语法问题，词汇什么的也用的很好~值得好好学习~
如果硬是要挑什么小毛病的话，我觉得这篇文章的题目主要是围绕学生来说，但是文章第二段就提到了整个社会、科学家什么的，第三段又直接开始说学生，我觉得中间最好有一些过渡，这样可以显得更流畅一些。或者就先说学生，再由点及面，扩散到质疑对整个社会的好处~
一点点个人小建议~

========================

二改是帮3号改~请假中……

franceneUID: 2818958

请假一天，明天才能交上了

franceneUID: 2818958

还得请假一天，组长原谅我吧>_< 明天争取补全。。。

lty900301UID: 2715509

The speaker claims that students should be skeptical in whatever they study and should not accept passively whatever they are taught. In my point of view, although incorrect skepticism might be counterproductive to students' study, I strongly support the speaker's perspective. Therefore, students should be encouraged to think critically about whatever they have been taught or presented inside or outside school.

Being skeptic is not a radical way of thinking, but a logical thought process. It is important for healthy skepticism to keep our minds open to new ideas, and to prevent us from being unthinking dogmatists with no private judgement. If there were no one in the world to doubt, then we will all still believe the world is flat, and the earth is the centre of space. With skepticism, scientists will find fallacies in old axioms and laws, so that they can create new effective theories. With skepticism, producer will find out the flaws in their products and improve them to become more solid and reliable. With skepticism, musicians and artists will bring us a new era of arts, which can make our life varied and colourful. Hence skepticism is a healthy outlook that does not hinder our society, as some may have you believe, but benefits it.

Nobody is perfect, everybody makes mistakes. Nowadays, in schools, students always learn new knowledge from their teacher with undoubted acceptance, which will lead to a severe problem. In class, even if the theories the teachers teach are beyond doubt, it is wholly possible that teachers have taught them in a wrong way which may mislead the students who do not have senses to doubt it. The goal of education is not the marks of examinations, correct answers, or even knowledge itself but the ways of learning and thinking which help adolescents to adapt to new circumstances and make progress in society. Therefore, it is of particular importance to cultivate students' critical thinking skills so that by the time they face a problem with no definite and correct answer, their minds will not freeze when regarding what is to be done.

Certainly, improper skepticism may also make students become time-wasters. Skepticism does not mean to be skeptical of anything, nor does it mean to doubt without evidence. It must take too much time if students doubt everything they study even if these knowledge have already been proved to be true. Students should not waste time on minor details but ignore the major points, and they have to accumulate more theories and experience before they want to become a skeptic. Thereby, students have to learn more knowledge and learn how to doubt so that he can find the problems and create new ideas, rather than waste time on trivial things.

In all, students should be encouraged to bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. The way of thinking critically is important for students to contribute to the society instead of passively acceptance which may only make them follow the others' ideas. Meanwhile, we also need to teach students to be skeptical in a proper way, or will learn nothing but skepticism.
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第一次

The speaker claims that students should be skeptical in whatever they study and should not accept passively whatever they are taught. In my point of view, although incorrect skepticism might be counterproductive to students' study, I strongly support the speaker's perspective. Therefore, students should be encouraged to think critically about whatever they have been taught or presented inside or outside school.

Being skeptic is not a radical way of thinking, but a logical thought process. It is important for healthy skepticism to keep our minds open to new ideas, and to prevent us from being unthinking dogmatists with no private judgement. If there were no one in the world to doubt, then we will all still believe the world is flat, and the earth is the centre of space. With skepticism, scientists will find fallacies in old axioms and laws, so that they can create new effective theories. With skepticism, producer will find out the flaws in their products and improve them to become more solid and reliable. With skepticism, musicians and artists will bring us a new era of arts, which can make our life varied and colourful. Hence skepticism is a healthy outlook that does not hinder our society, as some may have you believe, but benefits it.

Nobody is perfect, everybody makes mistakes. Nowadays, in schools, students always learn new knowledge from their teacher with undoubted acceptance, which will lead to a severe problem. In class, even if the theories the teachers teach are beyond doubt, it is wholly possible that teachers have taught them in a wrong way which may mislead the students who do not have senses to doubt it. The goal of education is not the marks of examinations, correct answers, or even knowledge itself but the ways of learning and thinking which help adolescents to adapt to new circumstances and make progress in society. Therefore, it is of particular importance to cultivate students' critical thinking skills so that by the time they face a problem with no definite and correct answer, their minds will not freeze when regarding what is to be done.

Certainly, improper skepticism may also make students become time-wasters. Skepticism does not mean to be skeptical of anything, nor does it mean to doubt without evidence. It must take too much time if students doubt everything they study even if these knowledge have already been proved to be true. Students should not waste time on minor details but ignore the major points, and they have to accumulate more theories and experience before they want to become a skeptic. Thereby, students have to learn more knowledge and learn how to doubt so that he can find the problems and create new ideas, rather than waste time on trivial things.

In all, students should be encouraged to bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. The way of thinking critically is important for students to contribute to the society instead of passively acceptance which may only make them follow the others' ideas. Meanwhile, we also need to teach students to be skeptical in a proper way, or will learn nothing but skepticism.

lty900301UID: 2715509

第一次互改——Polo

The author asserts that students should require(acquire 如果用require的话，前面的should就不要了) a certain skepticism to whatever they study instead of accepting it passively and they are advocated to questioning(question) the knowledge taught by teachers. In my opinion, not any student(-s) in any stages of their education ought to require skepticism and improper skepticism could be counterproductive for one's education(study,students与教育的关系是被动的关系，与学习的关系才是主动的). (这个应该是你全文的主题句吧？看and之前的那句话，再看完全文，这里有点疑惑，正文第一段，你说的是社会需要skepticism；第二段，中小学生需要skepticism；第三段，大学生需要skepticism。全文都是需要skepticism，只是在一些段落里提了一下不合适的skepticism带来的影响。结尾也只跟and之后的结论呼应了。)

Admittedly, skepticism is important for us to make progress in the science field and develop our society better. Without skepticism, Nicolaus Copernicus cannot advanced（相对于老的理论而言，哥白尼完全是颠覆它的，所以我觉得用advanced不太好，可以用created的） the theory that the earth and other planets revolve around the sun, and disrupt the Ptolemaic system of astronomy.
Without skepticism, Galileo Galilei would not make a famous experiment that two balls fall to the ground at the same time in Leaning Tower of Pisa and thence disrupt the theory of Aristotle. Without skepticism, Karl Marx cannot finish his great work Das Kapital and socialism cannot appear in today's society. Even so, skepticism should be advocated in the specific situations.（这样的转折，我觉得放在下面的段落会好一些）

For primary and secondary school students, there is no doubt to teach them the importance of questioning, which will play a key role in their future study. However, most of the knowledge they are taught are universal knowledge and basic skills. It is of no concern for them to question whether parallel lines could converge, whether The Most Excellent and Lamentable Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet is written by W. William Shakespeare and why the world is round（如果要排比就排比下去，一直用whether引导。）. All they are required to do is accepting most of the textbook materials and developing important academic skills to improve their abilities, which can enable them to have some reasonable and meaningful skepticism in the future study. （首先，这两个换线的点，不太清楚其间的联系，如果没有显然，大家公认的联系的话，作者最好要阐述一下，它是如何使学生有skepticism的。再有，后面的那句话，which引导指的是abilities呢？还是academic skills呢？如果说是abilities的话，那对后面那个点的影响就更加模糊了。所以这个句子我觉得需要改改。。）

As for university students, they should be encouraged to think critically in a proper way as a scholar in order to make some significative discovery. In the natural science field, they should not waste time on being skeptical of minor details, which may involve them in a cul-de-sac and fail to investigate essential or main aspects（主语混乱，按照你这个句子结构的话，这里的主语是which也就是being skeptical of minor details了）. In the history field, there is no point in making comments on what have happened, while the only thing worth（这个词是没有动词语态的） to do is to find the relative reasons（这个reasons指的是？） and learn lessons from it, which will instruct us to make more sensible decision（learn lessons from it怎么又会使我们能做出有判断力的决定呢？） （这个点又于skepticism是什么关系呢？）in today's life. In the literature field, we should not focus all our attention to(on) the outward form of the literature works and it is more necessary to be skeptical to the minds of the authors which could be reflect from their works.
//这一段我觉得就没有必要用排比写那么多方面了，似乎每个点都写的不详实，只是简单的告诉我们，该怎么做，不该怎么做，做了带来什么影响。没有深入的分析如何带来这样的影响。

In sum, although skepticism is very important, we should take advantage of it in a proper way to avoid some unnecessary problems. Only by this can we make advances in science and technology and develop （our）society better and better.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
第二次——在等Agnes的一自改。。

梦想在路上UID: 2812986

According to the statement, the speaker claims that students should keep skepticism on whatever they study instead of accepting it passively. It has some merits from a normative standpoint, though it seems too extreme to some extent. In my opinion, I generally agree with the speaker’s assertion because the skepticism can indeed benefit the developments of both education and society.

To begin with, it is fundamentally believed that students should question what they are taught but not accept passively, on both respects of students and teachers. On one hand, being skeptic is not a radical way of thinking, but a logical thought process. It is useful to cultivate students’ independent thinking capabilities, raise the positivity and activity of learning, thereby stimulating further understanding of knowledge. The progress of skepticism is likely to avoid students’ learning by rote. We all know that one must have understood before being able to doubt about it. On the other hand, it is instrumental for teachers to improve their educating qualities. Since comparing with students learning passively, teachers should pay more attention about methodologies of educating, accuracy of expression, extensity of professional knowledge and so forth. Therefore, the skepticism is helpful for educational system to develop even more healthily.
  
Moreover, aside from the benefits in education, the skepticism is the foundation of uninterrupted innovation and progress of a society, since, actually, many exist authoritative knowledge have some undiscovered mistakes and leaks. If we keep on blindly following the forebears’ theories or results，the society cannot develop continually. For instance, in the realm of science, Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish astronomer who founded the modern astronomy based on heliocentric cosmology, completely challenged the former theory, Ptolemaic system, in the early 1500s. Hence, any society is not able to advance without updating knowledge in various areas and knowledge cannot be maintained fresh by themselves unless by effects of skepticism from varied realms.

Admittedly, the speaker unfairly suggests that students should question whatever they are taught, as the statement appears to ignore certain negative effects to which extreme skepticism might lead, especially in following two aspects. For one thing, education should encourage students to propose their own views and judgments only after careful and overall investigations and researches, which are based on large accumulation of knowledge. Otherwise it will become irrational. Can you imagine a schoolchild query the basic theories of subjects such as physics, mathematics, chemistry and so forth? For another, the basic norms of a society, like ethic and moral regulations, laws and so on, which cannot be allowed to challenged by students who are lacking abilities to distinguish right from wrong. Can you imagine juveniles obey cords of conduct, such as drinking under 18 years old, driving without license, theft and robbery, drug abuse and trafficking, because of their questioning the rightness of them? Consequently, the extreme skepticism is not scientific and suitable but harmful for the farther development and prosperity of the society.

In sum, I basically agree with the speaker’s assertion that students should have skepticism during learning period rather than accept whatever they are taught passively, although the skepticism must be based on certain prerequisites.

-----------------努力的分割线---------------------------------------------
自改一   Thx polo！
According to the statement, the speaker claims that students should keep skepticism on whatever they study instead of accepting it passively. It has some merits from a normative standpoint, though it seems too extreme to some extent. In my opinion, I generally agree with the speaker’s assertion because the skepticism can indeed benefit the developments of both education and society.

To begin with, it is fundamentally believed that students should question what they are taught but not accept it passively, on both respects of students and teachers. On one hand, being skeptic is not a radical way of thinking, but a logical thought process. It is useful to cultivate students’ independent thinking capabilities, raise the positivity and activity of learning, thereby stimulating further understanding of knowledge. The progress of skepticism is likely to avoid students’ learning by rote, as we all know that people will be able to doubt about the issues only when they have surely understood them. On the other hand, it is instrumental for teachers to improve their educating qualities. Since comparing with students learning passively, teachers should pay more attention about methodologies of educating, accuracy of expression, extensity of professional knowledge and so forth. Therefore, the skepticism is helpful for educational system to develop even more healthily.
  
Moreover, aside from the benefits in education, the skepticism is the foundation of uninterrupted innovation and progress of a society, since, actually, many existent authoritative knowledge have some undiscovered mistakes and leaks. If we keep on blindly following the forebears’ theories or results，the society cannot develop continually. For instance, in the realm of science, Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish astronomer who founded the modern astronomy based on heliocentric cosmology, completely challenged the former theory, Ptolemaic system, in the early 1500s. And in the realm of art, Beethoven, a German composer and pianist, was the most crucial figure in the transitional period between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western classical music, and remains one of the most famous and influential composers of all time. Hence, any society is not able to advance without updating knowledge in various areas and knowledge cannot be maintained fresh by themselves unless by effects of skepticism from varied realms.

Admittedly, the speaker unfairly suggests that students should question whatever they are taught, as the statement appears to ignore certain negative effects to which extreme skepticism might lead, especially in following two aspects. For one thing, education should encourage students to propose their own views and judgments only after careful and overall investigations and researches, which are based on large accumulation of knowledge. Otherwise it will become irrational. Can you imagine a schoolchild query the basic theories of subjects such as physics, mathematics, chemistry and so forth? For another, the basic norms of a society, like ethic and moral regulations, laws and so on, which cannot be allowed to challenged by students who are lacking abilities to distinguish right from wrong. Can you imagine juveniles obey cords of conduct, such as drinking under 18 years old, driving without license, theft and robbery, drug abuse and trafficking, because of their questioning the rightness of them? Consequently, the extreme skepticism is not scientific and suitable but harmful for the farther development and prosperity of the society.

In sum, I basically agree with the speaker’s assertion that students should have skepticism during learning period rather than accept whatever they are taught passively, although the skepticism must be based on certain prerequisites.

-----------------空白分割线-----------------------------------------
自改二   没人帮改。。。

梦想在路上UID: 2812986

改 11小谦
As Einstein said: 'ask a question to solve a problem, more often than not is more important.’ skepticism is not only an important learning method for students, but also good for scientists. By asking questions, students’【去掉’】 could understand a question from two sides, be more creative, and push some questions forward truth. So do scientists. Besides, people thinking in a skeptical way are not easy meat【容易吃亏的人】 for con-men【骗子】. 第一次看到学习了！

Firstly, asking question shows【建议改成questions show】
high proficiency in acquiring materials. If students could not understand the study materials, asking question is an effective way to digest them. Students need to understand the issue first, and then they can raise further questions on it. Judging from questions raised by students, teachers could get to know how efficient the teaching materials had been put through. In this way, teachers can change the content of their teaching according to students【students’】 questions. Therefore, asking questions by students is highly efficient for teaching and learning because both teachers and students 【can】get what the students need to know.

Secondly, skepticism could culture students' creative thought and push science closer towards truth. Creation, which means something from what have not exist before, can be evoked by skepticism. There exist some hegemons【hegemonies 统治】 in history that stifle creativity and block the way towards truth. Some skeptical people standed【stand 的过去式是stood】 up and enlightened the way to the top of truth. For instance, Nicolas Copernicus challenged the mindset and found that it was heliocentric. The Wright Brothers got the idea to invent the airplane when public opinions never image flying on the sky.
【这段例子举得很棒，再加个小总结就更完美了！】

Lastly, skepticism could benefit students from dupery【欺骗】. Although it is highly civilized in society nowadays and a lot of laws and restrictions protect people from dupery, there exist some quacks and hypocrites【庸医和伪君子】 who escape the punishment of laws and restrictions. If people always hold a doubt attitude towards some tricks, they benefit from financial losses and emotional harms.【这句有点费解，你是想说骗子遭受损失吗？还是人们可以避免损失？】
You will not be taken in so easily when some people boast【自夸】 that their properties worth millions of dollars.

All in all, skepticism not only benefits academic workers, including scientists and students, but also protects people from harm. Asking question is a highly effective way of learning, and it motivates creative thought and raises people’s courage to challenge authority.

总体来说，小谦感觉你还可以再增加点字数，帮你统计了下不到400字，考试时最好能上500，加油！

-----------------------------------学习的分割线------------------------------------------------------------------
改 09polo
The author asserts that students should require a certain skepticism to whatever they study instead of accepting it passively and they are advocated to questioning the knowledge taught by teachers. In my opinion, not any student in any stages of their education ought to require skepticism and improper skepticism could be counterproductive for one's education.

Admittedly, skepticism is important for us to
make progress in the science field and develop our society better. Without skepticism, Nicolaus Copernicus cannot advanced【advance】 the theory that the earth and other planets revolve around the sun, and disrupt the Ptolemaic system of astronomy. Without skepticism, Galileo Galilei would not make a famous experiment that two balls fall to the ground at the same time in Leaning Tower of Pisa and thence【从此。学习！】 disrupt the theory of Aristotle. Without skepticism, Karl Marx cannot finish his great work Das Kapital and socialism cannot appear in today's society. Even so【我理解为即使如此，有转折的意思，但是按你的文章逻辑，应该是总结吧】, skepticism should be advocated in the specific situations.
//贼喜欢你的三段排比句！
For primary and secondary school students, there is no doubt to teach them the importance of questioning, which will play a key role in their future study. However, most of the knowledge they are taught are universal knowledge and basic skills. It is of no concern【无关紧要，没有意义。】 for them to question whether parallel lines could converge, whether The Most Excellent and Lamentable【令人惋惜的】 Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet is written by W. William Shakespeare and why the world is round. All【有点突兀，感觉太绝对了不够严谨，建议可以改成most】 they are required to do is accepting most of the textbook materials and developing important academic skills to improve their abilities, which can enable them to have some reasonable and meaningful skepticism in the future study.

As for university students, they should be encouraged to think critically in a proper way as a scholar in order to make some significative【有意义】
discovery. In the natural science field, they should not waste time on being skeptical of minor details, which may involve them in a cul-de-sac【死胡同。学习了！】 and fail to investigate essential or main aspects. In the history field, there is no point in making comments on what have happened, while the only thing worth to do is to find the relative reasons and learn lessons from it, which will instruct us to make more sensible decision in today's life. In the literature field, we should not focus all our attention to the outward form of the literature works and it is more necessary to be skeptical to the minds of the authors which could be reflect from their works.
//分领域的例子很好！有一个小问题，这段主题句是肯定大学生要合适质疑，但是举得例子都是不合适质疑，中间缺少点过渡，容易给人逻辑断裂的感觉。
In sum, although skepticism is very important, we should take advantage of it in a proper way to avoid some unnecessary problems. Only by this can we make advances in science and technology and develop society better and better.


总结：再一次改polo的文章，感觉进步非常大，语言能力提高很多，举例也很到位，思路非常清晰，真的很棒！越来越棒了！

凝羽欲翔UID: 2733350

To learn the knowledge as it originally is or to grow skeptical eyes on everything you meet was once hot spot in educational circles. Indeed, life is doubt, and faith without doubt is nothing but death, in Miguel de Unamuno’s words. But is it still practical to those who just start their student life? They own so little and their knowledge framework is so attenuate that if they bring skepticism to their study, it will only bring about more confusion that can stir up what they have. That may be the reason why the private schools in the past only required the students read the books again and again but failed to encourage them to think why these came into being. However, the abortion of the old teaching style shows us that the picture should be totally different.

Knowledge is the product of human’s ingenuity after so many years’ hard work and struggle. However, it’s not the theorem that once passes testimony, it will never change. At a specific time, people’s horizon is limited by their experience, the characteristics of that time and the basic knowledge they have. This limitation will be brought into their thinking, thus has an influence on their new-found theory and knowledge. Like the geocentricism, once so popular and occupied for more than three centuries, was finally taken place by heliocentricism, put forward by Copernicus Nicholas, the most famous and brave astronomer. And we have no idea what the development of astronomy will be like if we still insist the world is flat. It’s not hard to see that some drugs that have used for many years are forbidden when people turn back and find the side-effect. Every day, we absorb former treasure, and dig out something more fresh and complicate. Thus, with the new finding and advanced technology, we can test and correct what we own and go further.

Keeping skeptical to whatever we learn doesn’t mean that we aim at figuring out the mistake existing in the knowledge system, and it is too strict and tough for those who don’t devote their lives to research. Instead, we regard it as a way to deeper our understanding, arouse our interest and widen our horizon. Learning is more the interaction between your mind and the foregoers than a dull procedure that reviews the same rules again and again. You will never experience the fun of doing experiments if you just read the biology books and accept what it provides to you, and you never figure out the excitement when you pick up some faults from books after days of thinking. It’s not a competition between you and the book writer to see who is an expert, but a competition between the person you use to be and the exactly one you are nowadays. People should make progress every now and then. Questioning what you are taught is the exactly way to push you forward.

Moreover, view from the opposite angle, accepting passively will limit the knowledge to what we already know, set up obstacles in the way of creation, thus, slow down or even sluggish the development of science and technology. If the theory of relativity has not put forward, classical mechanics, may be still the great barrier that hold back people’s trying.

View from the whole history of human culture, we are never satisfied with what we have. We learn, we try, then we struggle to achieve better. For those countries that stand in the forefront of science, they never agree with the Victorian attitude to accepting what they are given, but they grow skeptical eyes on it and search better ways to explain the fact. So, as a teacher, he should encourage the students to think over whatever they study. It can light up the hope for the future, also for our nation.

--------------------------------------------------------------
自改一 thx 小谦~

To learn the knowledge as it originally is or to grow skeptical eyes on everything you meet was once a hot spot in educational circles. Indeed, life is doubt, and faith without doubt is nothing but death, in Miguel de Unamuno’s words. But is it still practical to those who just start their student life? They own so little and their knowledge framework is so attenuate that if they bring skepticism to their study, it will only bring about more confusion that can stir up what they have. That may be the reason why the private schools in the past only required the students read the books again and again but failed to encourage them to think why these came into being. However, the abortion of the old teaching style shows us that the picture should be totally different.

Knowledge is the product of human’s ingenuity after so many years’ hard work and struggle. However, it’s not the theorem that once passes testimony,then it will never change. At a specific time, people’s horizon is limited by their experience, the characteristics of that time and the basic knowledge they have. This limitation will be brought into their thinking, thus has an influence on their new-found theory and knowledge. Like the geocentricism, once so popular and occupied for more than three centuries, was finally taken place by heliocentricism, put forward by Copernicus Nicholas, the most famous and brave astronomer. And we have no idea what the development of astronomy will be like if we still insist the world is flat just as the ancients assumed. It’s not hard to see that some drugs that have used for many years are forbidden when people turn back and find the side-effect. Every day, we absorb former treasure, and dig out something more fresh and complicated. Thus, with the new finding and advanced technology, we can test and correct what we own and go further.

Keeping skeptical to whatever we learn doesn’t mean that we aim at figuring out the mistake existing in the knowledge system, and it is too strict and tough for those who don’t devote their lives to research. Instead, we regard it as a way to deeper our understanding, arouse our interest and widen our horizon. Learning is more the interaction between your mind and the foregoers than a dull procedure that reviews the same rules again and again. You will never experience the fun of doing experiments if you just read the biology books and accept what it provides to you, and you never figure out the excitement when you pick up some faults from books after days of thinking. It’s not a competition between you and the book writer to see who is an expert, but a competition between the person you use to be and the exactly one you are nowadays. People should make progress every now and then. Questioning what you are taught is the exactly way to push you forward.

Moreover, view from the opposite angle, accepting passively will limit the knowledge to what we already know, set up obstacles in the way of creation, thus, slow down or even sluggish the development of science and technology. If the theory of relativity has not put forward, classical mechanics, may be still the great barrier that hold back people’s trying.

View from the whole history of human culture, we are never satisfied with what we have. We learn, we try, then we struggle to achieve better. For those countries that stand in the forefront of science, they never agree with the Victorian attitude to accepting what they are given, but they grow skeptical eyes on it and search better ways to explain the fact. So, as a teacher, he should encourage the students to think over whatever they study. It can light up the hope for the future, also for our nation.

凝羽欲翔UID: 2733350

一改小谦~
As Einstein said: 'ask a question to solve a problem, more often than not is more important.’ skepticism is not only an important learning method for students, but also good for scientists. By asking questions, students’ could understand a question from two sides, be more creative, push some questions forward truth. So do scientists. Besides, people thinking in a skeptical way are not easy meat for con-men（骗子）.（Sorry~I can't catch the point of the last sentence）

Firstly, asking question shows high proficiency in acquiring materials. If students could not understand the study materials, asking question is an effective way to digest them. Students need to understand the issue first, and then they can raise further questions on it. Judging from questions raised by students, teachers could get to know how efficient the teaching materials had been put through(I think there is a problem in the sentence. if we say it in declarative sentence, we have, the teaching materials had been put through efficient, but here, efficient is a nounce). In this way, teachers can change the content of their teaching according to students questions. Therefore, asking questions by students is a(omited) highly efficient for teaching and learning because both teachers and students get what the students need to know.

Secondly, skepticism could culture students' creative thought and promote science make a progress towards truth(should there be any words to conjunct the phrase 'promote science' and 'make a ..'?). Creation, which means something from what have not exist before, can be motivated by skepticism. There exist some hegemons in history that stifle creativity and block the way towards truth. Some skeptical people standed up and enlightened the way towards truth(a very good way to express your idea, but if it can use another phrase to express the idea 'towards truth', it will be better). For instance, Nicolas Copernicus challenged the mindset and found that it was heliocentric. The Wright Brothers got the idea to invent the airplane when public opinions never image flying on the sky.

Lastly, skepticism could benefit students from dupery(欺骗，诈骗). Although it is highly civilized in society nowadays and a lot of laws and restrictions protect people from dupery, there exist some quacks and hypocrites who escape the punishment of laws and restrictions. If people always hold a doubt attitude towards some tricks, they benefit from financial losses and emotional harms. It will not be easy for you to believe that（how about 'you will not be taken in so easily when'? ） some people boast that their properties worth millions of dollars.

All in all, skepticism not only benefits academic workers, including scientists and students, but also protects people from harm. Asking question is a highly effective way of learning, and it evokes creative thinking and the courage to challenge authority.