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[经典批改讨论] Issue178 今日说“法”+ 正反方面精彩意见超火爆! [复制链接]

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楼主
发表于 2004-7-23 16:17:35 |显示全部楼层

Issue178 今日说“法”

Issue 178
------题目------
It is possible to pass laws that control or place limits on people's behavior, but legislation cannot reform human nature. Laws cannot change what is in people's hearts and minds.
------正文------
Ever since the Code of Hammurapi comes into being, laws have begun to put restrictions on people's behaviors and have played an important role in the maintenance of social order. But aside from its impact on shaping public deportment, legislation is of no avail to reform human nature as well as mankind thoughts.

Our collective life experience is that we make choices and decisions every day--under a legal system. No one is ever granted the rights to surpass the boundary of laws; otherwise there may be lack of protection for private property and personal right from being violated. Common sense tells us that the laws will punish the wrongdoers severely sometimes so harshly even to sentence the felons to death. It is the awe to controlling authority as well as the fear of castigation that made most of the people away from the illicit behaviors. Laws, for better or worse, have put up a paradigm on which people abide by, for the sake of personal interests and the social stability as well.

Laws can exert their influences on people’s “hands and legs”, but when it comes to man’s hearts and minds, it cannot. In the long history of its development, laws change over time and vary from region to region not to alter human nature but to be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times and places. The end of a legal system impels laws to evolve to keep pace with changing mores, customers, and our collective sense of equity but with little concern for the reconstruction of human thoughts. Bigamy, to be commonly regarded as illegal in most countries, is yet legitimate in some Arabian countries. For Islamic, outlawing bigamy seems an impinge upon their religious freedom of choosing mates. Instead of bringing about a revolution in the conception of marriage among Islamic disciples, laws give way to the entrenched customers.

Still more, from the psychotic analysis angle, that laws will change nature is further doubted. Sigmund Freud has divided the individual personality into threefold: the id, the ego and the super ego. The ego, as the surface of the nature and the part you show the world, is governed by the "reality principle," otherwise known as laws. However, so powerless are laws to extend its impacts on the id and the superego remains below, each has its own significant effects on the personality. A rapist, for example, despite years of imprisonment may still relapse into outrages in that laws fail to civilize the id desires composing of instinctual drives. By no means can laws alone alter our nature. Were laws by itself be able to cause a change in the human nature and exercise a fundamental influence on people's hearts and minds, then it would probably be no need for its existence. People at no time can ever have imagined this. In fact, to truly change the human nature, it is through the synergic efforts associating the education, moral and ethic social interactions altogether that brought about a reconstruction of human nature.

In conclusion, in spite the fact that we may live in a harmonious society with the implementation of the laws, it seems unthinkable for laws to undertake the role as a reformer in rebuilding man's nature as well as hearts and minds.
If I'm who I am because I'm who I am and you're who you are because you are who you are, then I'm who I am and you're who you are.   

If,on the other hand, I'm who I am because you're who you are, and if you are who you are because I'm who I am, then I'm not who I am and you're not who you are.

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沙发
发表于 2004-7-23 20:31:37 |显示全部楼层
最初由 lakeqian 发布
[B]Dendis 文章好
Needle改的好(盼望中)
俺小辈只有占座旁听的份
hoho~~ [/B]

我也是新人,大家互相学习啊!
尤其谢谢needle,改得真的是很认真啊,水平又高,能够得到她的点拨,也是三生有幸啊!
把提纲一起贴出,大家共同探讨。

B1:法律可以限制人们的行为,维护社会的稳定,但这是由于人们对于强力权威的敬畏和对于惩罚的害怕所致。
B2:从历史发展进程我们发现,法律并不能够改变人们的本性和心灵,它只是一定社会、时代、文明下的产物。
B3:从三我说着手分析法律对于人类本性影响的本质,即其只能制约社会规则下的自我,却无法改变本能欲望下的本我。所以自然也无法改变本能欲望下的人类本性和心灵。
If I'm who I am because I'm who I am and you're who you are because you are who you are, then I'm who I am and you're who you are.   

If,on the other hand, I'm who I am because you're who you are, and if you are who you are because I'm who I am, then I'm not who I am and you're not who you are.

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Gemini双子座 荣誉版主

板凳
发表于 2004-7-24 09:18:43 |显示全部楼层
谢谢zhangbaoke的认真修改,B1实际上是想对题目threshold的回应,即法律能够制约人们的行为,同时提出造成这一现象的原因。我是希望从法律运作机理来看待法律和人之间的关系,也借此透视出法律根本无法涉及人物的内心世界。不知道这样的论据是否可以?大家讨论一下,多多批评。

最初由 imong 发布
[B]好像新时代的galaxysong又要诞生了

我今天元气大耗几天之内都估计看不成作文
要是评精华什么的直接pm我就行了~~~~~~ [/B]


imong过奖了,作为新人我只是希望在前辈的不断指导下和同辈的帮助下共同进步,水平离各位牛人还差很远,bow一个!

Ps:imong身体保重啊,你可是我们大家的opinion leader啊!
If I'm who I am because I'm who I am and you're who you are because you are who you are, then I'm who I am and you're who you are.   

If,on the other hand, I'm who I am because you're who you are, and if you are who you are because I'm who I am, then I'm not who I am and you're not who you are.

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Gemini双子座 荣誉版主

地板
发表于 2004-7-25 09:11:39 |显示全部楼层
needle的意见很中肯,认真研究中……
这两天大家帮我改了不少文章,再次谢谢大家的指导,考完后我也会回来加入你们的队伍!
If I'm who I am because I'm who I am and you're who you are because you are who you are, then I'm who I am and you're who you are.   

If,on the other hand, I'm who I am because you're who you are, and if you are who you are because I'm who I am, then I'm not who I am and you're not who you are.

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Gemini双子座 荣誉版主

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发表于 2004-7-25 14:20:46 |显示全部楼层
最初由 needle 发布
[B]sorry, Dendis。来不及等你的悄悄话回复了(你下线了),未经你允许就把你的悄悄话和我的回复讨论贴在这里了。[/B]

没关系的,本来就是一些不太成熟的想法,我想一直up帖子的话人家看了可能会烦,而且也可能沉了不少好贴。当然,为了更深刻地理解这个题目我也再次贴出自己的看法,大家共同商榷。写得比较乱,言辞不当之处,也请谅解!

最初由 needle 发布
[B]另外想说的是,Dendis,一篇issue的篇幅只有600字左右,这不是能够纵横驰骋的疆域。你引入一些深刻的概念,是没有空间解释明白的,但由于概念本身并非公理,是不能够拿来直接使用的。你不能假定每个人都已经了解这个概念。就拿你经常用的Freud来说,本身就还是有争议的心理学观,不是么?再说详细一点,你用Freud的本我/自我概念来说明laws的作用,可是什么是本我,什么是自我你都没有告诉大家,你怎么能让分不清楚“本我/自我”的读者确信laws改变的就是自我,不是本我呢?[/B]

你说得很有道理,Freud的理论自身是很不完善的,有很多毛病,也引起很多争议。就连他的学生荣格尔,佛洛姆等都背叛了自己的老师,他的第三代拉康更是远离老师而重新提出自己的“镜像”理论。可以想见无论是三我说或是泛性论,再或者是梦的解析,它们都只是我们破解题目的一种方法,可以借来说明问题,阐述问题,而却不能完全论证这就是正确的。所以我在文章中使用到的这些理论只是我想从这一个角度来说明一下对于这个问题的理解,而绝非是全面完整的最终看法。我想写issue最关键在于自圆其说,任何理论的引入只是帮助你分析问题,圆满自己的解释。也许我过多使用这些论据,造成了一定程度的误解,在此表示歉意,并在此提醒大家:这些理论仅仅是一个小小的切入口,而决非真理!!!

最初由 needle 发布
[B]还是reform/change的问题。laws 也许不能reform,但是change这是从现实世界都有目共睹的。。[/B]

我想还是就题目重新加以分析:It is possible to pass laws that control or place limits on people's behavior, but legislation cannot reform human nature. Laws cannot change what is in people's hearts and minds.
“Laws cannot change what is in people's hearts and minds.”
我的理解这里的Laws就是一个简单的概念——法律,webster上是这样说的:a binding custom or practice of a community : a rule of conduct or action prescribed or formally recognized as binding or enforced by a controlling authority。所以我在文章中反复提及的法律只是通常意义上的社会规则和条文,不包括法律可能涉及的教化或改造含意。Needle所说的法律的教化或其他功能也许是我所提及的共同作用:it is through the synergic efforts associating the education, moral and ethic social interactions altogether……而且我所说的法律不能改变思想,是指单纯依赖这些规则是不能产生作用的,你想:对于一个文盲或无赖来讲这些条文可能使他们改变吗?法律的原始作用只是惩罚和保护,是一种行为上的强迫而非认知上的强迫。


最初由 needle 发布
[B]为什么是非法的(outlawing)重婚和他们的宗教理念有冲突呢?他们的宗教理念不正是包容重婚的么?为什么用outlawing?我没太看明白。[/B]

Outlawing那个例子我想说的是把重婚视为非法是对阿拉伯人宗教习俗、观念的一种侵犯(应该是impingement,needle看得真仔细啊,^_^)。这里Outlawing作的是动名词,而非非法的(outlawing)重婚。
Outlaw:transitive verb
1 a : to deprive of the benefit and protection of law : declare to be an outlaw  b : to make illegal *outlawed dueling*
2 : to place under a ban or restriction
3 : to remove from legal jurisdiction or enforcement
而且,你说法律change minds and hearts,那么这里到底是法律适应了人们的认知情感呢,还是法律改变了它们?我承认法律可以帮助改变人们的想法,但正如我在文章中所说,这是通过教育、社会伦理、道德、舆论等共同作用下的结果。与此相反,我认为单单法律可以change这一切的事实可能过于绝对。

最初由 needle 发布
[B]现在认为理所当然的善恶判断标准,都是立法的影响。[/B]

这里我有些不明白。试问:当以前法律不存在的时候,难道就没有善恶观念的存在吗?人们的价值判断难道都是建立在法律的基础上面?在立法通过同性恋结婚的地方,人们对待同性恋的态度越来越宽容,事实果真是这样吗?是不是这些地方所有的民众都因为同性恋合法而承认同性恋呢?显然不是。而且假设是这样,也不一定就是法律的作用啊,可能是人们逐渐的行为默认,是一种环境适应的结果,假如法律能够真正改变人们的心灵,那么为什么现在社会还存在合法理而不合情理的事情?为什么法律不能改变人们的道德良知?我想一个关键的问题是:到底法律适应社会还是社会适应法律?我绝不否认法律的作用,但是这是在一个综合的基础上才产生的,法律单体无法做到改变。


最初由 needle 发布
[B]人们从肆无忌弹到畏惧法律的惩戒,这也同样是精神层面的转变。[/B]

至于人们从肆无忌弹到畏惧法律的惩戒,这首先是行为层面的改变,当然,究其深层次本质,最终体现出人们的本能反应——是法律映射出人类的原始恐惧:生本能和死本能。正因为对于生存需求的满足,人们才畏惧于法律的威慑力。而今天我们之所以不犯法,不是简单因为法律说这个不合法就使我们不犯法,而是我们害怕受到惩罚,我们敬畏强权,这一切都是人类的本性和本能,也同样是法律所无法根本改变的。而且,法律认为不合法的事物难道就决定了我们对此事物的认知也是不合法的?所以我以为从这个层面来讲,法律单一个体其实不能改变人类的思想认知。人类认知的改变是通过一系列综合作用的结果。

胡说八道一番,无知者无罪,大家表打我啊,^_^
If I'm who I am because I'm who I am and you're who you are because you are who you are, then I'm who I am and you're who you are.   

If,on the other hand, I'm who I am because you're who you are, and if you are who you are because I'm who I am, then I'm not who I am and you're not who you are.

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RE: Issue178 今日说“法”+ 正反方面精彩意见超火爆! [修改]
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