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ISSUE范文：
5.8 范文及对该范文的评价
（所有的范文都是原文引用，包括可能存在的错误，拼写错误等等）
6分范文
In this era of rapid social and technological change leading to increasing life complexity and psychological displacement, both positive and negative effects among persons in Western society call for a balance in which there are both specialists and generalists.
Specialists are necessary in order to allow society as a whole to properly and usefully assimilate the masses of new information and knowledge that have come out of research and have been widely disseminated through mass global media. As the head of Pharmacology at my university once said (and I paraphrase):"I can only research what I do because there are so many who have come before me to whom I can turn for basic knowledge. It is only because of each of the narrowly focussed individuals at each step that a full and true understanding of the complexities of life can be had. Each person can only hold enough knowledge to add one small rung to the ladder, but together we can climb to the moon." This illustrates the point that our societies level of knowledge and technology is at a stage in which there simply must be specialists in order for our society to take advantage of the information available to us.
Simply put, without specialists, our society would find itself bogged down in the Sargasso sea of information overload. While it was fine for early physicists to learn and understand the few laws and ideas that existed during their times, now, no one individual can possibly digest and assimilate all of the knowledge in any given area.
On the other hand, Over specialization means narrow focii in which people can lose the larger picture.No one can hope to understand the human body by only inspecting one's own toe-nails. What we learn from a narrow focus may be internally logically coherent but may be irrelevant or fallacious within the framework of a broader perspective. Further, if we inspect only our toe-nails, we may conclude that the whole body is hard and white. Useful conclusions and thus perhaps useful inventions must come by sharing among specialists. Simply throwing out various discovieries means we have a pile of useless discoveries; it is only when one can make with them a mosaic that we can see that they may form a picture.
Not only may over-specialization be dangerous in terms of the truth, purity and cohesion of knowledge, but it can also serve to drown moral or universall issues. Generalists and only generalists can see a broad enough picture to realize and introduce to the world the problems of the environment. With specialization, each person focusses on their research and their goals. Thus, industrialization, expansion, and new technologies are driven ahead. Meanwhile no individual can see the wholisitc view of our global existence in which true advancement may mean stifling individual specialists for the greater good of all.
Finally, over-specialization in a people's daily lives and jobs has meant personal and psychological compartmentalization. People are forced into pigeon holes early in life (at least by university) and must conciously attempt to consume external forms of stimuli and information in order not to be lost in their small and isolated universe. Not only does this make for narrowly focussed and generally pooprly-educated individuals, but it guarantees a sense of loss of community, often followed by a feeling of psychological displacement and personal dissatisfaction.
Without generalists, society becomes inward-looking and eventually inefficient. Without a society that recongnizes the impotance of braod-mindedness and fora for sharing generalities, individuals become isolated. Thus, while our form of society necessitates specialists, generalists are equally important.
Specialists drive us forward in a series of thrusts while generalists make sure we are still on the jousting field and know what the stakes are.
6分范文评论：
这是一篇分析出色的ISSUE——有独特见解，理由充分，高效使用语言。引言段说明了作者的观点，然后提供了作者将要展开的论述："In this era of rapid social and technological change leading to increasing life complexity and psychological displacement . . . ."
这篇论述本身有两个部分。第一部分称述了非常专业的令人信服的情况，主要是医药领域。第二部分称述了同样引人注意，组织良好的情况反对过于专业化，主要理由如下：
逻辑上（训练有限的专家经常在整体上犯错）
思想上（通常通才能理解“大范围的好”的需要）
个人上（研究太过专业或者分类过早能造成心理上的伤害）
这篇论述的详细推理线索被有技巧的使用专业术语（引文从著名的医学研究开始）和生动的比喻（只检查一个人的脚趾甲就忽略了全身）加强了。
这篇文章的突出不仅体现在推理上，语言也没有简洁同时使用了很多的比喻。（"bogged down in a Sargasso sea of information overload," "a pile of useless discoveries," "specialists drive us forward in a series of thrusts, while generalists make sure we are still on the jousting field"）评分人不断的被被过渡短语和思想引导完整个全文。他们将帮助组织思想和推进论述。这是这道题目非常突出的优秀习作。
5分范文：
Specialists are not overrated today. More generalists may be needed, but not to overshadow the specialists. Generalists can provide a great deal of information on many topics of interest with a broad range of ideas. People who look at the overall view of things can help with some of the large problems our society faces today. But specialists are necessary to gain a better understanding of more in depth methods to solve problems or fixing things.
One good example of why specialists are not overrated is in the medical field. Doctors are necessary for people to live healthy lives. When a person is sick, he may go to a general practitioner to find out the cause of his problems. Usually, this kind of "generalized" doctor can help most ailments with simple and effective treatments. Sometimes, though, a sickness may go beyond a family doctor's knowledge or the prescribed treatments don't work the way they should. When a sickness progresses or becomes diagnosed as a disease that requires more care than a family doctor can provide, he may be referred to a specialist. For instance, a person with constant breathing problems that require hospitalization may be suggested to visit an asthma specialist. Since a family doctor has a great deal of knowledge of medicine, he can decide when his methods are not effective and the patient needs to see someone who knows more about the specific problem; someone who knows how it begins, progresses, and specified treatments. This is an excellent example of how a generalied person may not be equipped enough to handle something as well as a specialized one can.
Another example of a specialist who is needed instead of a generalist involves teaching. In grammar school, children learn all the basic principles of reading, writing, and arithematic. But as children get older and progress in school, they gain a better understanding of the language and mathematical processes. As the years in school increase, they need to learn more and more specifics and details about various subjects. They start out by learning basic math concepts such as addition, subtraction, division, and multiplication. A few years later, they are ready to begin algebraic concepts, geometry, and calculus. They are also ready to learn more advanced vocabulary, the principles of how all life is composed and how it functions. One teacher or professor can not provide as much in depth discussion on all of these topics as well as one who has learned the specifics and studied mainly to know everything that is currently known about one of these subjects. Generalized teachers are required to begin molding students at a very early age so they can get ready for the future ahead of them in gaining more facts about the basic subjects and finding out new facts on the old ones.
These are only two examples of why specialists are not highly overrated and more generalists are not necessary to the point of overshadowing them. Generalists are needed to give the public a broad understanding of some things. But, specialists are important to help maintain the status, health, and safety of our society. Specialists are very necessary.
5分范文评论：
作者把这个问题的复杂性进行了很好的展开分析，讨论了专家和通才是都被需要的。
这篇论述是基于两个都选得很好的展开的例子。第一个（第二段）开始于关于医学通才（普通医师）和专家的讨论，然后在一个例子里面又深入的举了一个例子。（呼吸问题和对一个哮喘专家的需要）这种具有从一般到特殊的例子在下一段也适用了。在那里，这个讨论主要是关于从小学到高中的教育问题，从基本数学到微积分。
适当的过渡词增加了展开的流畅性："but," "usually," and "for instance,"等，这篇作文以重述作者的观点结尾。
同时作者对语言和语法的处理也很好，几个明显的错误是这篇论述充分的作文没有达到6分。这个问题源于缺乏代词的指代对象（"When a sickness progresses or becomes diagnosed, . . . he may be referred to a specialist"），一个平行结构的错误：("how it begins, progresses and specified treatments")，语法松散，语言不准确("Generalized teachers are required to begin molding students at a very early age so they can get ready for the future ahead of them in gaining more facts about the basic subjects.")。
4分范文：
Specialists are just what their name says: people who specialize in one part of a very general scheme of things. A person can't know everything there is to know about everything. This is why specialists are helpful. You can take one general concept and divide it up three ways and have three fully developed different concepts instead of one general concept that no one really knows about. Isn't it better to really know something well, than to know everything half-way.
Take a special ed teacher compared to a general ed teacher. The general ed teacher knows how to deal with most students. She knows how to teach a subject to a student that is on a normal level. But what would happen to the child in the back of the room with dyslexia? She would be so lost in that general ed classroom that she would not only not learn, but be frustrated and quite possibly, have low self-esteem and hate school. If there is a special ed teacher there who specializes in children with learning disabilities, she can teach the general ed teacher how to cope with this student as well as modify the curriculum so that the student can learn along with the others. The special ed teacher can also take that child for a few hours each day and work with her on her reading difficulty one-on-one, which a general ed teacher never would have time to do.
A general ed teacher can't know what a special ed teacher knows and a special ed teacher can't know what a general ed teacher knows. But the two of them working together and specializing in their own things can really get a lot more accomplished. The special ed teacher is also trained to work on the child's self-esteem, which has a big part in how successful this child will be. Every child in the United States of America has the right to an equal education. How can a child with a learning disability receive the same equal education as a general ed student if there was no specialist there to help both teacher and child?
Another thing to consider is how a committee is supposed to work together. Each person has a special task to accomplish and when these people all come together, with their tasks finished, every aspect of the community's work is completely covered. Nothing is left undone. In this case there are many different specialists to meet the general goal of the committee.
When you take into account that a specialist contributes only a small part of the generalist aspect, it seems ridiculous to say that specialists are overrated. The generalists looks to the specialists any time they need help or clarification on their broad aspect. Specialists and generalists are part of the same system, so if a specialist is overrated, then so is a generalist.
4分范文评论：
这篇ISSUE有足够的分析，在第一段之后有一些关于专家的比较模糊的定义，作者提供了一个相关的例子（一个特殊教育老师）去说明专家的重要性。这个例子在文章中占了主导地位，并且为文章得到4分起到了促进作用。
第二个例子（一个委员是怎样工作的）就没有那么有说服力了。然而，他确帮助清晰了作者关于“general”的定义，作为一个专家知道的话题的总称，总和。
尽管作者关于专家和通才之间关系的观点比较特别，但是确在结尾的时候才说得比较清晰。这些观点没有足够深入的被展开，也没有足够的逻辑控制去获得一个比4分更高的分数。
这篇文章没有什么错误。有一些句子结构，语法，使用的问题，有时有的措辞不是很准确和多余。总之，这篇文章对英语写作的几个要素把握得还是比较清晰和充足的。
3分范文：
To quote the saying, "Jack of all trades, master of none," would be my position on the statement. I feel specialists in all areas of knowledge lead to a higher standard of living for everyone. Specializing in different areas allows us to use each others talents to the highest level and maximize potential. As an example, if a person required brain surgery, would they rather have a brain surgeon or a general practitioner doing the work? Clearly a specialist would do the better job and give the patient a chance at a better life.
A university education starts by laying the groundwork for general knowledge but then narrows down to a specific field. General knowledge and a broad prospective are important, but if there was no focus on specific areas, our overall knowledge as a population would be seriously lessened.
Another example of specialists not being overated would be international trade. Not every nation can provide for themselves. They need to get products and ideas from other parts of the world because they are better at providing them. This allows for a growing economy if two different nations can provide each other with two different products. If one country can produce oranges better than another, it should trade the oranges for the fish that it can not produce. If generalizing was the normal thing to do and both countries tried to produce all kinds of products, the countries would probably survive, but not have the standard of living they presently have.
3分范文评论：
作者的观点清晰：specialists are important and necessary。观点没有被推理和逻辑例子来足够的支持。
第一段表述了一个合理的例子，这是一个关于普通脑外科医生的。然而，第二段关于逐渐变窄的大学教育只有两句话，完全没有被展开。他对于促进作者观点没有起到丝毫的作用。
第三段提供了另一个例子，展开得最多的一个。很不幸的是，这个例子没有很清晰的逻辑。作者想要论述一个“specially”的农村（只生产比较好的橘子）比一个“generally”的农村更厉害（可能生产橘子和其他的产品）。作者告诉我们这个普通的农村可能不如其他的。这个结论没有从作者的论述显露出逻辑，同时他可能有点与现实不吻合。
尽管文章中语言的使用有一些不准确，作者的意思还是没有受影响。本文得3分的主要原因的缺乏足够的展开和使用例子不恰当。
2分范文：
In the situation of health I feel that specialists are very important. For example if a person has heart problems, choose a heart specialist over a genral medicine Dr. However if a person is having a wide range of syptoms, perhaps choose a Dr. with a wide range of experience might be more helpful.
It also depends on the type of problem you are having. For example I would not suggest taking a troubled child to a theorpist who specializes in marriage problems. In some cases have a specialists helps to insure that you are getting the best possibly treatment. On the other hand dealing with a person who has a wide range of experience may be able to find different ways of dealing with a particular problem.
Since the quotation did not state exactely what type of specialist we are dealing with it is also hard to determine the importance of having a specialist is. For example the could be health or problems with a car, or basically anything else. I feel that this information should not have been left out. I guess the bottom line is that I feel sometimes a specialist is very important.
2分范文评论：
这篇ISSUE犯了严重的分析错误。文章论述支持专才，但是既不推理也不举例子来说服别人。这个例子"a troubled child to see a therapist who specializes in marriage problems"既简单有离题。因为他说的是两个专家的不同，而不是专家和通才
句子的结构和措辞如此薄弱以致有时很难被理解。然而这不是一篇1分的文章：作者在文中表述了一个观点，用非常弱的分析展开了这个观点，然后也清晰地表达了一些思想。
1分作文：
I disagree with the statement about specialists, we need specialists who take individual areas and specialize. A generalists can pinpoint a problem. He or she cannot determine the magnitude of the problem. A specialist can find the root of the problem. When he or she has years working in that specific field. For example, when i got sick i went to a doctor. He did blood work, x-ray, talk to me, ect. He prescribed me a medicine. I got worst. So i decided to go another doctor. Now, i am doing great. A specialist knows the facts right away. Otherwise, it will take longer or not at all.
1分范文评论：
这篇ISSUE从根本上缺乏讨论。
第一句话阐述了作者的观点是支持专才，但是在观点之后没有与之相关的论述。一些思想似乎是自相矛盾的。（例如："generalists can pinpoint a problem"），这个例子也比较模糊。
如果这篇文章解释说：第一个成功的医生是一个通才，第一个不成功的医生是一个专家，那么这个例子就有用了。结论的描述只会增加模糊。
因为大多数的句子都很短和突变的，他们要传达的意思也变得突变。作者需要提供一些连接短语和思想来增加这篇文章的逻辑连接。同意，基本的使用和语法错误也很普遍。但是它主要缺乏有连接的评论使得这篇文章只有1分。 |
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发表于 2009-11-12 17:20:36
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