1006G[REBORN FROM THE ASHES组]备考日记 by hugesea

hugeseaUID: 190158

呵呵，issue13真的不太好写，比较抽象
还在该issue13
同时今天大概看了一下awintro,呵呵，翻译它可是一个大工程啊
翻译了两页今天
看看后面，还有20多页，oh，MY GOD

hugeseaUID: 190158

呵呵，今天考虑了个好写点的issue，issue16，说好写是因为例子多

但是得找个好的逻辑，要不一样没思想

呵呵，没写完，明天接着写，

翻译还在继续

hugeseaUID: 190158

呵呵；issue16，13都写完了，不过没人改，
我还是先自己改改吧，等以后有人愿意帮忙改了再拿出来

今天再写issue119和26，26已经写完，119想出了一个大概的提纲

现在我发现了一个很重要的问题：就是我的提纲的逻辑有的时候显得会很绕（我一个同学的语言），不知道该怎么解决

hugeseaUID: 190158

今天的作业，第四次任务的第一部分，前10篇argument的阅读以及读后感

见附件

hugeseaUID: 190158

今天的任务是第四次作业的第二部分 也就是给的argument的11-20

附件就是

hugeseaUID: 190158

第三次作业 awintro的部分翻译

翻译的磕磕绊绊的，也没那么多的时间翻译，这只是部分，有时间我慢慢补全吧

hugeseaUID: 190158

第四次作业的第三部分 21-30篇argument

看完了这30篇argument，感触最深的就是一定要注意单复数一致的问题，argument的写作时态的问题倒不是很大了，因为大家都用的是现代时态

还有，就是句子结构和拼写的问题

呵呵，这些都是血的教训，要注意

hugeseaUID: 190158

argument的开头应该怎么写？要不要像北美一样来个general restatement？最近很纠结这个
imong的帖子给了我很大的启发

https://bbs.gter.net/showthread.php?s=&threadid=134092

在一本参考书中我也看到这样的表述

Analyzing an Argument in Six Paragraphs

Ever see one of those carpets with footsteps on it that dance instructors use to show novices
the steps necessary to dance like Fred Astaire? Think of the following sections as steps on a
carpet that can lead you to a good Analyze an Argument essay.

Paragraph one
The first paragraph states your analysis of the argument — whether you’re in extreme agreement
or disagreement. Like a good debater, your argument essay isn’t necessarily your
personal opinion. In the Analyze an Argument essay, you analyze, as the name implies, the
strengths or weaknesses of the given argument.
Suppose the passage argues that putting a 25-cent tax on every bottle and can will provide an
incentive for consumers to recycle bottles and cans and thus cut down on waste. Here’s a
good opening line: “This author’s statement that a tax on bottles and cans will cut down on
their waste is unsupported by evidence and is illogical given current recycling parameters
set by the government and consumer behavior.”
Continue the first paragraph by telling why, in your opinion, the argument is incorrect.
Perhaps the author gives no facts or statistics to buttress his argument but appears to base
it on unsound assumptions. Maybe the author argues from a personal point of view and
doesn’t address the broader concerns. Or perhaps the author assumes an ideal state that
society hasn’t yet reached.
We suggest that you have a grab bag of several refutations ready before you even get to the
exam. The preceding examples are good; you can always attack a writer’s source of facts or
personal biases (although, as mentioned earlier in this chapter, you don’t want to attack the
writer himself). Think of several tactics that you use to shoot down an argument when you
debate with friends (writing is easier if you use what comes naturally) and have them handy.

Paragraphs two, three, and four
Your second, third, and fourth paragraphs address each assumption that you believe the
author makes. If the author assumes that a financial incentive is more important than any
other type of incentive, say so and then either support or refute that assumption. If the
author makes the assumption that people won’t do what’s right unless a law tells them to
do so, state that assumption and then argue for or against it.

Paragraph five
In the fifth paragraph, provide possible counterexamples, flaws in the author’s reasoning. If
the author says that a tax of 25 cents per can and bottle would double the recycling rate, cite
a situation in which increased taxes on bottles and cans haven’t led to a significant increase in
recycling. If the author states that people want to do the right thing but need a financial incentive,
refute that argument by saying that a tax would have to be so large as to be prohibitive.
Even if you believe the author’s argument is fundamentally sound and you support it, you
should still be able to show the GRE evaluator that you can recognize that others may think
flaws exist in the argument. Try something like this: “Although some people who hear this
proposal may think that it is flawed due to the difficulty of passing any law, it is, in fact, feasible
to have such laws passed on a smaller, more local scale. . . .”
Don’t fall into your own trap. If you argue that the writer’s assumption is based on personal
logic, unsupported by facts, be sure that your refutation isn’t based on personal logic, unsupported
by facts. The last thing you need to do is point out the author’s weakness and then
make the reader chuckle as he marks you down for having the exact same weakness.

Paragraph six
In the final paragraph, give your conclusions. Once again, say whether the author makes a
valid point or is just wasting everyone’s time and briefly reiterate your reasons for thinking so.
If you can’t think of a different way to write the material in the last paragraph so it’s different
than the first paragraph, skip the last paragraph. You don’t want to parrot the first paragraph
entirely. Instead, you want to summarize your writing, which doesn’t involve repeating what
you said earlier. Either put a new, neatly packaged slant on the material, or eliminate this
paragraph entirely.

hugeseaUID: 190158

Analyze an Argument

The following appeared in an in-house memo sent from a marketing director to the editorial
department of a television news station.
“Our research shows that when the news director comes on screen at the end of the
newscast to present his perspective on an issue, many viewers switch stations or turn
off the television entirely. Besides losing viewers, which lowers our ability to charge top
dollar for advertising spots, we are wasting extra time that we could be filling with more
ads. In addition, people tell us that they feel editorials are best read in the newspaper,
not heard on television. Therefore, we recommend stopping all editorials at the ends of
newscasts.”

第一段：

The marketing director concludes that the news station should stop all editorials because
viewership decreases when the news director presents his perspective on an issue at the end
of the newscast. The memo argues that when people don’t watch the end of the newscast,
the station loses advertising revenue.

第二段：

The conclusion is based on a number of questionable assumptions.（我觉得这句好最好放在
第一段） First, the director recommendsthat the station stop all editorials at the end of
newscasts because people are turningoff what is currently offered. By proposing that the
station eliminate all editorials, the memo assumes that viewers would not watch any kind of
editorial. It could be that viewers simply don’t like the news director or are turned off by the
“perspective on an issue” format.

第三段：

Second, the director claims that the time devoted to the current editorial could be sold to
advertisers. He assumes, then, that people who turn off the television or switch stations
when the news director comes on will not do so when an advertisement comes on in the editorial’s
place. If viewers stop watching the station when they know the news is over, they will
probably do the same when commercials come on instead of the editorial. When advertisers
find out that people are not watching their commercials, they will pay the station less.

第四段：

Third, the director notes that people tell the station’s marketing team that editorials are best
read in the newspaper, not heard on television. As with any survey, this finding assumes that
the people who are saying these things are representative of the larger population. In other
words, the marketing department assumes that these “people” are representative of the station’s
viewers. The memo is vague about the identity of these people. Perhaps they are not
viewers at all and, therefore, cannot be used to represent the television viewing audience.
The director also fails to mention how numerous these people are and does not include any
information about how many people may have expressed the opposite opinion to the marketing
team. An analogous situation: Just because some people support a political candidate
does not mean that others don’t prefer somebody else. In addition, the people who said that
editorials are best read in the newspaper could have been people who are more oriented
towards reading and writing. There is a good chance that these people wrote letters to the
station. If station employees had called viewers during the newscast, they may have received
many responses claiming that editorials are better to watch on TV than read.

第五段：

Finally, that director bases his argument on making money for the news station. This proposal
assumes that the purpose of a news station is to make money. The editorials may not generate
as much advertising revenue as other television presentations would, but the editorials are
better to include if one assumes that the purpose of a news station is to inform viewers and
stimulate their thinking.

第六段：结尾

To improve the argument, the news director needs to address the above issues. He needs evidence
that shows that viewers would turn off any kind of editorial at the end of the newscast.
He also needs to demonstrate that viewers would watch advertisements after the presentation
of news. He should also clarify how the marketing team received the comments about editorials
in newspapers. Ideally, the director should show that such comments were generated
by a scientific survey of people who actually watch the news station. The director should also
articulate that the primary aim of the news station is to attract viewers and generate revenue

hugeseaUID: 190158

https://bbs.gter.net/thread-920961-1-1.html

irvine666也有一篇详诉argument开头的帖子，转过来，免得找不到了

hugeseaUID: 190158

Compose a Brief Introductory Paragraph

Now that you’ve planned your essay, you have to compose it. Don’t waste time
repeating the quoted Argument; the reader is already familiar with it and is interested
in your critique, not your transcribing skills. Here are the three things you should try to
accomplish in your initial paragraph:

1.Identify the Argument’s final conclusion.

2.Describe briefly the Argument’s line of reasoning and evidence in support of its
conclusion.

3.Allude generally to the problems with the Argument’s line of reasoning and use of
evidence.

You can probably accomplish all three task in two or three sentences. Here’s a concise
introductory paragraph of a response to Argument Statement 1:

Introductory Paragraph (Argument Statement 1)

Citing a general demographic trend and certain evidence about two other
hair salons, the manager of UpperCuts (UC) concludes here that UC should
relocate from suburban to downtown Apton in order to attract more customers
and, in turn, improve its profitability. However, the manager’s argument relies on a series
of unproven assumptions and is therefore unconvincing as it stands.

Because your introductory sentences are the least important component of your essay,
you may want to consider holding off on composing the introduction until you’ve
completed your critique of the Argument. If you do this, and you start to run out of
time for your introduction, begin your essay with a sentence like one of the following
two, then delve right into your first point of critique—without a paragraph break:

This argument suffers from numerous flaws which, considered together,
render the conclusion that UpperCuts should relocate to downtown Apton
untenable. One such flaw involves . . . .

I find the argument for moving UpperCuts salon downtown specious at best,
because it relies on a series of unproven, and doubtful, assumptions. One
such assumption is that . . .

hugeseaUID: 190158

追星剑：


https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=203735&highlight=

hugeseaUID: 190158

Argument的展开和组织：实例范文详细点评

https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=199905&extra=&page=1

hugeseaUID: 190158

补的第二次作业，链过来

https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1034177-1-1.html

https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1040431-1-1.html

hugeseaUID: 190158

呵呵：）今天還在補作業，Issue 13，我很想寫let dying language die in peace.
想法太多，一致沒整理出好的思路來，等寫完了放上來