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发表于 2009-11-23 23:46:37
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考试阶段性结束,这样12月花在G的时间就会相对稳定了,要珍惜。
今天把awintro过完一遍,开始以为29页很漫长,其实还好,ETS说的话重复性很强...
把自己认为的重点罗列如下:
p4: Instead, readers assign scores based on the overall quality of the response, considering all of its characteristics in an integrated way.
The primary emphasis in scoring the analytical writing section is on critical thinking and analytical writing skills.
ETS reserves the right to cancel test scores of any test taker when there is substantial evidence that an essay response includes, but is not limited to, any of the following:
• text that is substantially similar to that found in one or more other GRE essay responses;
• quoting or paraphrasing, without attribution, language or ideas that appear in published or unpublished sources;
• unacknowledged use of work that has been produced through collaboration with others without citation of the contribution of others;
• essays that are submitted as work of the examinee when the ideas or words have, in fact, been borrowed from elsewhere or prepared by another person.
p5: Present Your Perspective on an Issue Task
Understanding the Issue Task
Your task is to present a compelling case for your own position on the issue. Be sure to read the claim carefully and think about it from several points of view, considering the complexity of ideas associated with those perspectives. Then, make notes about the position you want to develop and list the main reasons and examples that you could use to support that position.
The Issue task allows considerable latitude in the way you respond to the claim. Although it is important that you address the central issue, you are free to take any approach you wish. For example, you might
• agree absolutely with the claim, disagree completely, or agree with some parts and not others
• question the assumptions the statement seems to be making
• qualify any of its terms, especially if the way you define or apply a term is important to developing your perspective on the issue
• point out why the claim is valid in some situations but not in others
• evaluate points of view that contrast with your own perspective
• develop your position with reasons that are supported by several relevant examples or by a single extended example
In fact, there is no correct position to take. Instead, the readers are evaluating the skill with which you articulate and develop an argument to support your position on the issue.
Understanding the Context for Writing: Purpose and Audience
To get a clearer idea of how GRE readers apply the Issue scoring criteria to actual responses, you should review scored sample Issue essay responses and readers' commentaries.
Preparing for the Issue Task
Remember that this is a task in critical thinking and persuasive writing. Therefore, you might find it helpful to explore the complexity of a claim in one of the topics by asking yourself the following questions:
• What, precisely, is the central issue?
这个问题的核心是什么?
• Do I agree with all or with any part of the claim? Why or why not?
我同意这个陈述的所有还是一部分?为什么?
• Does the claim make certain assumptions? If so, are they reasonable?
这个陈述有特定的假设吗?如果有,它们合理吗?
• Is the claim valid only under certain conditions? If so, what are they?
这个陈述是否只在特定情形下有效?如果有,它们是什么?
• Do I need to explain how I interpret certain terms or concepts used in the claim?
我需要解释我是怎么理解陈述中的某些术语或概念吗?
• If I take a certain position on the issue, what reasons support my position?
如果我选择了对此陈述的某一观点,什么理由可以支持我的观点?
• What examples—either real or hypothetical—could I use to illustrate those reasons and advance my point of view? Which examples are most compelling?
什么例子——不论是真实的还是假设的——我能用它们来阐明这些理由和发展我的观点吗?那些例子是最具吸引力的?
Even if you don't write a full response, you should find it helpful to practice with a few of the Issue topics and to sketch out your possible responses. After you have practiced with some of the topics, try writing responses to some of the topics within the 45-minute time limit so that you have a good idea of how to use your time in the actual test.
Deciding Which Issue Topic to Choose
Because the 45-minute timing begins when you first see the two topics, you should not spend too much time making a decision.
• Which topic do I find more interesting or engaging?
• Which topic more closely relates to my own academic studies or other experiences?
• On which topic can I more clearly explain and defend my perspective?
• On which topic can I more readily think of strong reasons and examples to support my position?
The Form of Your Response
Readers will see, for example, some Issue responses at the 6 score level that begin by briefly summarizing the writer's position on the issue and then explicitly announcing the main points to be argued. They will see others that lead into the writer's position by making a prediction, asking a series of questions, describing a scenario, or defining critical terms in the quotation. The readers know that a writer can earn a high score by giving multiple examples or by presenting a single, extended example. Look at the sample Issue responses, particularly at the 5 and 6 score levels, to see how other writers have successfully developed and organized their arguments. P9
P9~P14 issue sample
Analyze an Argument Task
P15: Understanding the Argument Task
In reading the argument, you should pay special attention to
• what is offered as evidence, support, or proof
• what is explicitly stated, claimed, or concluded
• what is assumed or supposed, perhaps without justification or proof
• what is not stated, but necessarily follows from what is stated
In addition, you should consider the structure of the argument.
You should recognize the separate, sometimes implicit steps in the thinking process and consider whether the movement from each one to the next is logically sound. In tracing this line, look for transition words and phrases that suggests that the author is attempting to make a logical connection. (e.g., however, thus, therefore, evidently, hence, in conclusion).
Consequently, the analytical skills displayed in your critique carry great weight in determining your score.
You should be familiar with the directions for the Argument task and with certain key concepts, including the following:
• alternative explanation—a possible competing version of what might have caused the events in question; an alternative explanation undercuts or qualifies the original explanation because it too can account for the observed facts
• analysis—the process of breaking something (e.g., an argument) down into its component parts in order to understand how they work together to make up the whole; also a presentation, usually in writing, of the results of this process
• argument—a claim or a set of claims with reasons and evidence offered as support; a line of reasoning meant to demonstrate the truth or falsehood of something
• assumption—a belief, often unstated or unexamined, that someone must hold in order to maintain a particular position; something that is taken for granted but that must be true in order for the conclusion to be true
• conclusion—the end point reached by a line of reasoning, valid if the reasoning is sound; the resulting assertion
• counterexample—an example, real or hypothetical, that refutes or disproves a statement in the argument
Remember that any numbers, percentages, or statistics in Argument topics are used only as evidence in support of a conclusion, and you should always consider whether they actually support the conclusion.
The Form of Your Response
The readers know that a writer can earn a high score by analyzing and developing several points in a critique or by identifying a central flaw in the argument and developing that critique extensively. P18
P18~P22 argue sample
现在得选择性地做未完成的事,但是保证质量是必须的。
并且原则性任务得逼迫...比如单词。
写实验报告中,今天的记录到此。 |
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