1006G[REBORN FROM THE ASHES组]备考日记 by 豆腐店的86——越来越快（新）

豆腐店的86UID: 2512956

Irregular Verbs Commonly Confused Verbs Lie vs. Lay usage
Present	Past	Past Participle
lie, lying (to tell a falsehood)	I lied to my mother.	I have lied under oath.
lie, lying (to recline)	I lay on the bed because I was tired.	He has lain in the grass.
lay, laying (to put, place)	I laid the baby in her cradle.	We have laid the dishes on the table.

Example sentences:
After laying down his weapon, the soldier lay down to sleep.
Will you lay out my clothes while I lie down to rest?

Rise vs. Raise usage
Present	Past	Past Participle
rise (steady or customary upward movement)	The balloon rose into the air.	He has risen to a position of power.
raise (to cause to rise)	They raised their hands because they knew the answer.	I have raised the curtain many times.

Example sentences:
The boy raised the flag just before the sun rose.

豆腐店的86UID: 2512956

Numbers

Days and Years
December 12, 1965 or 12 December 1965
A.D. 1066
in 1900
in 1971-72 or in 1971-1972
the eighties, the twentieth century
the 1980's or the 1980s

Identification Numbers
Room 8
Channel 18
Interstate 65
Henry VIII

Decimals and Percentages
a 2.7 average
13 1/4 percent
.037 metric ton

Large Round Numbers
four billion dollars (or) $4 billion
16,500,000 (or) 16.5 million

Write out numbers beginning sentences.
Six percent of the group failed.
NOT: 6% of the group failed.
Unclear: The club celebrated the birthdays of 6 90-year-olds who were born in the city.
Clearer: The club celebrated the birthdays of six 90-year-olds who were born in the city.

豆腐店的86UID: 2512956

晚上辩论赛半决赛！ 加油啦！

豆腐店的86UID: 2512956

Prepositions

Prepositions for Time, Place, and Introducing Objects
Of: approve, consist, smell
·I don't approve of his speech.
·My contribution to the article consists of many pages.
·He came home smelling of alcohol.
For: call, hope, look, wait, watch, wish
·Did someone call for a taxi?
·He hopes for a raise in salary next year.
·I'm looking for my keys.
·We'll wait for her here.
·You go buy the tickets and I'll watch for the train.
·If you wish for an "A" in this class, you must work hard.
Prepositions of Direction: To, On (to), In (to)

Introduction

The other two prepositions of direction are compounds formed by adding "to" to the corresponding prepositions of location.
The preposition of location determines the meaning of the preposition of direction.
ON + TO = onto: signifies movement toward a surface
IN + TO = into: signifies movement toward the interior of a volume

Uses of "onto"
"Onto" can generally be replaced by "on" with verbs of motion.
Image Caption: The hat went on(to) his head.
Dietrich jumped on(to) the mat.
Huan fell on(to) the floor.
Athena climbed on(to) the back of the truck.
Some verbs of motion express the idea that the subject causes itself or some physical object to be situated in a certain place (compare the three example directly above).
Of these verbs, some take only "on". Others take both on and onto, with the latter being preferred by some speakers.

Uses of "into"
With verbs of motion, "into" and "in" are interchangeable except when the preposition is the last word or occurs directly before an adverbial of time, manner, or frequency.

Prepositions of Spatial Relationship
Above
Write your name above the line.
Across
Draw a line across the page.
Against
She leans against the tree.
Ahead of
The girl is ahead of the boy.
Along
There is lace along the edge of the cloth.
Among
He is among the trees.
Around
Draw a circle around the answer.
Behind
The boy is behind the girl.
Below
Write your name below the line.
Beneath
He sat beneath the tree.
Beside
The girl is standing beside the boy.
Between
She is between two trees.
From
He came from the house.
In front of
The girl is in front of the boy.
Inside
He is inside the house.
Near
There is a tree near the house.
Off
His hat is off.
Out of
He came out of the house.
Through
She went through the door.
Toward
She is walking toward the house
Under
He is hiding under the table
Within
Please mark only within the circle.

豆腐店的86UID: 2512956

Pronouns
Using Pronouns Clearly
1. Agree in number
Remember: the words everybody, anybody, anyone, each, neither, nobody, someone, a person, etc. are singular and take singular pronouns.
2. Agree in person
3. Refer clearly to a specific noun.
Don't be vague or ambiguous.
NOT: Although the motorcycle hit the tree, it was not damaged. (Is "it" the motorcycle or the tree?)
NOT: I don't think they should show violence on TV. (Who are "they"?)
NOT: Vacation is coming soon, which is nice. (What is nice, the vacation or the fact that it is coming soon?)
NOT: George worked in a national forest last summer. This may be his life's work. (What word does "this" refer to?)
NOT: If you put this sheet in your notebook, you can refer to it. (What does "it" refer to, the sheet or your notebook?)

The pronouns This, That, These, Those, and Which do not change form.
1. In compound structures, where there are two pronouns or a noun and a pronoun, drop the other noun for a moment. Then you can see which case you want.
Not: Bob and me travel a good deal.
(Would you say, "me travel"?)
2. In comparisons. Comparisons usually follow than or as:
He is taller than I (am tall).
This helps you as much as (it helps) me.
3. In formal and semiformal writing:
Use the subjective form after a form of the verb to be.
Formal: It is I.
Informal: It is me.
Use whom in the objective case.
Formal: To whom am I talking?
Informal: Who am I talking to?

豆腐店的86UID: 2512956

Subject/Verb Agreement
She and her friends are at the fair.
The book or the pen is in the drawer.

The boy or his friends run every day.
His friends or the boy runs every day.

He doesn't like it.
They don't like it.

Each of these hot dogs is juicy.
Everybody knows Mr. Jones.
Either is correct.

Five dollars is a lot of money.
Dollars are often used instead of rubles in Russia.

These scissors are dull.
Those trousers are made of wool.

The team runs during practice.
The committee decides how to proceed.

The family has a long history.
My family has never been able to agree.

The President, accompanied by his wife, is traveling to India.
All of the books, including yours, are in that box.

豆腐店的86UID: 2512956

Verb Tenses

Present Perfect
It designates action which began in the past but which continues into the present or the effect of which still continues.
1. Renee washed the car when George arrived (simple past)
2. Renee had washed the car when George arrived. (past perfect)
In (1), she waited until George arrived and then washed the car. In (2), she had already finished washing the car by the time he arrived.
Future Perfect Tense
The future perfect tense designates action that will have been completed at a specified time in the future.
1. Saturday I will finish my housework. (simple future)
2. By Saturday noon, I will have finished my housework. (future perfect)
Passive Verb Tenses

Simple Present
Active:	Passive
·The company ships the computers to many foreign countries.	·Computers are shipped to many foreign countries

Present Progressive
Active:	Passive:
·The chef is preparing the food.	·The food is being prepared.

Simple Past
Active:	Passive:
·The delivery man delivered the package yesterday.	·The package was delivered yesterday.

Past Progressive
Active:	Passive:
·The producer was making an announcement.	·An announcement was being made.

Future
Active:	Passive:
·Our representative will pick up the computer.	·The computer will be picked up.

Present Perfect
Active:	Passive:
·Someone has made the arrangements for us.	·The arrangements have been made for us.

Past Perfect
Active:	Passive:
·They had given us visas for three months.	·They had been given visas for three months.

Future Perfect
Active:	Passive:
·By next month we will have finished this job.	·By next month this job will have been finished.

Modals
Active:	Passive:
·You can use the computer.	·The computer can be used.

Active Verb Tenses

Simple Present
Present or Action Condition	General Truths
·I hear you. ·Here comes the bus.	·There are thirty days in September.
Non-action; Habitual Action	Future Time
·I like music. ·I run on Tuesdays and Sundays.	·The train leaves at 4:00 p.m.

Present Progressive
Activity in Progress	Verbs of Perception
·I am playing soccer now.	·He is feeling sad.

Simple Past
Completed Action	Completed Condition
·We visited the museum yesterday.	·The weather was rainy last week.

Past Progressive
Past Action that took place over a period of time	Past Action interrupted by another
·They were climbing for twenty-seven days.	·We were eating dinner when she told me.

Future
With will/won't — Activity or event that will or won't exist or happen in the future	With going to — future in relation to circumstances in the present
·I'll get up late tomorrow. ·I won't get up early	·I'm hungry. ·I'm going to get something to eat.

Present Perfect
With verbs of state that begin in the past and lead up to and include the present	To express habitual or continued action
·He has lived here for many years	·He has worn glasses all his life.
With events occurring at an indefinite or unspecified time in the past — with ever, never, before
·Have you ever been to Tokyo before?

Present Perfect Progressive

To express duration of an action that began in the past, has continued into the present, and may continue into the future

·David has been working for two hours, and he hasn't finished yet.

Past Perfect
To describe a past event or condition completed before another event in the past	In reported speech
·When I arrived home, he had already called.	·Jane said that she had gone to the movies.

Future Perfect

To express action that will be completed by or before a specified time in the future

·By next month we will have finished the job. ·He won't have finished his work until 2:00.

Verb Tense Consistency
Do not shift from one tense to another if the time frame for each action or state is the same.
Examples:
The ocean contains rich minerals that wash down from rivers and streams.
About noon the sky darkened, a breeze sprang up, and a low rumble announced the approaching storm.
Yesterday we walked to school but later rode the bus home.

Verbs with Helpers
1. Recent Past (Present Perfect)
A conjugation of Have + [VERB+ed] describes an action that began in the past and continues into the present or that occurred in the recent past.
Examples:
·The child has finished the candy.
·I have gone to college for one year.
·He has worked hard all day.
2. Distant Past (Past Perfect)
Had + [VERB+ed] describes actions that began and ended in the past.
Examples:
·Mike had promised to repair Joe's bike.
·I had eaten dinner before he came.
3. Present Continuous Action (Present Progressive)
Is + [VERB+ing] shows action that is in progress now or is going to happen in the future.
Examples:
·I am taking Spanish this semester.
·He is getting ready for the party this evening.
·Next week they are going to Florida.
4. Past Continuous Action (Past Progressive)
Was + [VERB+ing] shows action that was in progress at a certain time in the past.
Examples:
·Yesterday I was working in the garden.
·He was smoking a pack a day before he quit.
·The dogs were barking all night.
5. Other helping verbs (Modals)
[HELPER] + [VERB], such as CAN, WILL, SHALL, MAY, COULD, WOULD, SHOULD, MIGHT, MUST keep the same form. They do not change to agree with the subject.
Examples:
I |
you |
he | can do that assignment easily.
we |
There are also modal phrases (some of which don't change form), such as:
·COULD HAVE + Verb
·WOULD HAVE + Verb
·MUST HAVE + Verb
(Not could "of" or would "of")
Examples:
·I could have won the prize if I had entered the contest.
·He must have bought the ticket already.
OR
·USED TO + Verb
·HAVE TO + Verb
·HAVE GOT TO + Verb
·BE ABLE TO + Verb
·OUGHT TO + Verb
·BE SUPPOSED TO + Verb
Examples:
·I used to think that all dogs have fleas.
·I am supposed to come back next week.

豆腐店的86UID: 2512956

Parts of Speech Overview
Prepositions
Prepositions work in combination with a noun or pronoun to create phrases that modify verbs, nouns/pronouns, or adjectives. Prepositional phrases convey a spatial, temporal, or directional meaning.
Example 1: Ivy climbed up the brick wall of the house.
There are two prepositional phrases in the example above: up the brick wall and of the house. The first prepositional phrase is an adverbial phrase, since it modifies the verb by describing where the ivy climbed. The second phrase further modifies the noun wall (the object of the first prepositional phrase) and describes which wall the ivy climbs.

豆腐店的86UID: 2512956

感觉引用部分的内容在平时写论文的时候最有用的
在之前的高级英语写作课里面学到过相关内容，也在实际练习中使用过
相信这会对AW练习有用
----------------------------
Quotation Marks

Direct Quotations
Direct quotations involve incorporating another person's exact words into your own writing.
1. Quotation marks always come in pairs. Do not open a quotation and fail to close it at the end of the quoted material
2. Capitalize the first letter of a direct quote when the quoted material is a complete sentence.
Mr. Johnson, who was working in his field that morning, said, "The alien spaceship appeared right before my own two eyes."
3. Do not use a capital letter when the quoted material is a fragment or only a piece of the original material's complete sentence.
Although Mr. Johnson has seen odd happenings on the farm, he stated that the spaceship "certainly takes the cake" when it comes to unexplainable activity.
4. If a direct quotation is interrupted mid-sentence, do not capitalize the second part of the quotation.
"I didn't see an actual alien being," Mr. Johnson said, "but I sure wish I had."
5. In all the examples above, note how the period or comma punctuation always comes before the final quotation mark. It is important to also realize that when you are using MLA or some other form of documentation, this punctuation rule may change.
When quoting text with a spelling or grammar error, you should transcribe the error exactly in your own text. However, also insert the term sic in italics directly after the mistake, and enclose it in brackets. Sic is from the Latin, and translates to "thus," "so," or "just as that." The word tells the reader that your quote is an exact reproduction of what you found, and the error is not your own.
Mr. Johnson says of the experience, "it's made me reconsider the existence of extraterestials [sic]."
6. Quotations are most effective if you use them sparingly and keep them relatively short. Too many quotations in a research paper will get you accused of not producing original thought or material (they may also bore a reader who wants to know primarily what YOU have to say on the subject).

Indirect Quotations
Indirect quotations are not exact wordings but rather rephrasings or summaries of another person's words. In this case, it is not necessary to use quotation marks.
However, indirect quotations still require proper citations, and you will be commiting plagiarism if you fail to do so.
Mr. Johnson, a local farmer, reported last night that he saw an alien spaceship on his own property.
Many writers struggle with when to use direct quotations versus indirect quotations. Use the following tips to guide you in your choice.
Use direct quotations when the source material uses language that is particularly striking or notable. Do not rob such language of its power by altering it.
Martin Luther King Jr. believed that the end of slavery was important and of great hope to millions of slaves done horribly wrong.
The above should never stand in for:
Martin Luther King Jr. said of the Emancipation Proclamation, "This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice."
Use an indirect quotation (or paraphrase) when you merely need to summarize key incidents or details of the text.
Use direct quotations when the author you are quoting has coined a term unique to their research and relevant within your own paper.
When to use direct quotes versus indirect quotes is ultimately a choice you'll learn a feeling for with experience. However, always try to have a sense for why you've chosen your quote. In other words, never put quotes in your paper simply because your teacher says, "You must use quotes."

豆腐店的86UID: 2512956

transition是我写作的一大问题
要么太过突兀 要么就是没有足够的联系
练习过程中要主动使用材料中提到的transition devices~~~
------------------------------------------
Transitions
Writing Transitions
The key to producing good transitions is highlighting connections between corresponding paragraphs.
Instead of writing transitions that could connect any paragraph to any other paragraph, write a transition that could only connect one specific paragraph to another specific paragraph.

Example: Overall, Management Systems International has logged increased sales in every sector, leading to a significant rise in third-quarter profits.
Another important thing to note is that the corporation had expanded its international influence.
Revision: Overall, Management Systems International has logged increased sales in every sector, leading to a significant rise in third-quarter profits.
These impressive profits are largely due to the corporation's expanded international influence.
Example: Fearing for the loss of Danish lands, Christian IV signed the Treaty of Lubeck, effectively ending the Danish phase of the 30 Years War.
But then something else significant happened. The Swedish intervention began.
Revision: Fearing for the loss of more Danish lands, Christian IV signed the Treaty of Lubeck, effectively ending the Danish phase of the 30 Years War.
Shortly after Danish forces withdrew, the Swedish intervention began.
Example: Amy Tan became a famous author after her novel, The Joy Luck Club, skyrocketed up the bestseller list.
There are other things to note about Tan as well. Amy Tan also participates in the satirical garage band the Rock Bottom Remainders with Stephen King and Dave Barry.
Revision: Amy Tan became a famous author after her novel, The Joy Luck Club, skyrocketed up the bestseller list.
Though her fiction is well known, her work with the satirical garage band the Rock Bottom Remainders receives
far less publicity.

Transitional Devices
Transitional devices are like bridges between parts of your paper. Transitional devices are words or phrases that help carry a thought from one sentence to another, from one idea to another, or from one paragraph to another. And finally, transitional devices link sentences and paragraphs together smoothly so that there are no abrupt jumps or breaks between ideas.


List of some common transitional devices
To Add:and, again, and then, besides, equally important, finally, further, furthermore, nor, too, next, lastly, what's more, moreover, in addition, first (second, etc.)
To Compare:whereas, but, yet, on the other hand, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, by comparison, where, compared to, up against, balanced against, vis a vis, but, although, conversely, meanwhile, after all, in contrast, although this may be true
To Prove:because, for, since, for the same reason, obviously, evidently, furthermore, moreover, besides, indeed, in fact, in addition, in any case, that is
To Show Exception:yet, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, of course, once in a while, sometimes
To Show Time:immediately, thereafter, soon, after a few hours, finally, then, later, previously, formerly, first (second, etc.), next, and then
To Repeat:in brief, as I have said, as I have noted, as has been noted
To Emphasize:definitely, extremely, obviously, in fact, indeed, in any case, absolutely, positively, naturally, surprisingly, always, forever, perennially, eternally, never, emphatically, unquestionably, without a doubt, certainly, undeniably, without reservation
To Show Sequence:first, second, third, and so forth. A, B, C, and so forth. next, then, following this, at this time, now, at this point, after, afterward, subsequently, finally, consequently, previously, before this, simultaneously, concurrently, thus, therefore, hence, next, and then, soon
To Give an Example:for example, for instance, in this case, in another case, on this occasion, in this situation, take the case of, to demonstrate, to illustrate, as an illustration, to illustrate
To Summarize or Conclude:in brief, on the whole, summing up, to conclude, in conclusion, as I have shown, as I have said, hence, therefore, accordingly, thus, as a result, consequently, on the whole

豆腐店的86UID: 2512956

Phrasal& idioms
Overview of Two-Part (Phrasal) Verbs (idioms)

Separable
add up (meaning: to add)
Correct: She added up the total on her calculator.
Correct: She added it up on her calculator.

·Inseparable
get around (meaning: to evade)
Correct: She always gets around the rules.
Incorrect: She always gets the rules around (This construction makes no sense in English.)

Intransitive
catch on (meaning: to understand)
Correct: After I explained the math problem, she began to catch on.
Incorrect: She began to catch on the math problem. (catch on cannot take a direct object in this meaning.)
Correct: She began to catch on to the math problem. (the word to makes the math problem an indirect object, which is acceptable in this meaning.)

豆腐店的86UID: 2512956

终于
第一次作业做完了~
终于~
后面几次变得没那么自习了
但是框架还是领了出来
学到的东西不多 强化的知识很多
希望在以后的练习中运用···

截止日期来临
继续补！

sharktwinUID: 2179108

亲爱的加油~~

豆腐店的86UID: 2512956

28# sharktwin

MUUUAAA

豆腐店的86UID: 2512956

细数了一下，要追赶的进度实在是不少
DDL的提前让我又少了十天
也好，告诉自己努力一把
争取通过海选
然后就能在整个备考过程中
节省十天下来!
加油吧~~
IF U REALLY WANT IT~