年底大贴——TPO阅读疑难问题汇总解答

afox0810UID: 2495984

165# gre1600and6

楼主都是过几天来一次的，人家也有自己的事情要做嘛。。~

afox0810UID: 2495984

TOP6 Williams Smith

Paragraph 5: Not only could Smith identify rock strata by the fossils they contained, he could also see a pattern emerging：Certain fossils always appear in more ancient sediments while others begin to be seen as the strata become more recent. By following the fossils, Smith was able to put all the strata of England's earth into relative temporal sequence. About the same time, Georges Cuvier made the same discovery while studying the rocks around Paris. Soon it was realized that this principle of faunal (animal) succession was valid not only in England or France but virtually everywhere. It was actually a principle of floral succession as well, because plants showed the same transformation through time as did fauna. Limestone may be found in the Cambrian or-300 million years later-in the Jurassic strata but a trilobite—the ubiquitous marine arthropod that had its birth in the Cambrian—will never be found in Jurassic strata, nor a dinosaur in the Cambrian.

12. In mentioning "trilobite”, the author is making which of the following points?
  Fossils cannot be found in more than one rock stratum．
  Faunal succession can help put rock layers in relative temporal sequence．
  Faunal succession cannot be applied to different strata composed of the same kind of rock．
  The presence of trilobite fossils makes it difficult to date a rock．

答案是B。我觉得应该选C。有三叶虫的那句话的意思是：石灰岩只能在C和J时期被发现，但三叶虫只能在C时期被发现。这不就是C选项的意思：“动物的连续不能被用到组成同一种岩石的不同岩层中”吗？

LZ辛苦~

afox0810UID: 2495984

Tpo6 infantile amnesia
Paragraph 3: Three other explanations seem more promising．0ne involves physiological changes relevant to memory. Maturation of the frontal lobes of the brain continues throughout early childhood．And this part of the brain may be critical for remembering particular episodes in ways that can be retrieved later. Demonstrations of infants’ and toddlers' long-term memory have involved their repeating motor activities that they had seen or done earlier，such as reaching in the dark for objects, putting a bottle in a doll’s mouth, or pulling apart two pieces of a toy. The brain’s level of physiological maturation may support these types of memories，but not ones requiring explicit verbal descriptions.

5. What does paragraph 3 suggest about long-term memory in children?
○Maturation of the frontal lobes of the brain is important for the long-term memory of motor activities but not verbal descriptions．
○Young children may form long-term memories of actions they see earlier than of things they hear or are told．
○Young children have better long-term recall of short verbal exchanges than of long ones．
○Children’s long-term recall of motor activities increases when such activities are accompanied by explicit verbal descriptions

版主您好，关于这道题我看过您32楼的解释啦。不过您没提到A选项。请问A选项问什么不对呢？A选想不就是说，脑垂体对动作的长期记忆有效，对语言无效吗？

LZ辛苦~

afox0810UID: 2495984

顶顶~

afox0810UID: 2495984

老大快来吧~~谢谢~~7号就考试啦~

afox0810UID: 2495984

呃。。明天就考了。。

wyacUID: 2633619

Tpo6 infantile amnesia
Paragraph 3: Three other explanations seem more promising．0ne involves physiological changes relevant to memory. Maturation of the frontal lobes of the brain continues through ...
afox0810 发表于 2010-2-1 19:03

LZ很久没来，我根据自己的理解跟你探讨一下吧！
A 选项是说成熟的脑前叶对主动行为的长期记忆形成很重要，但对需要口头描述的长期记忆形成不重要。这个描述太绝对，况且文中也没有这样说，它是曲解了文中的意思。
文中 The brain’s level of physiological maturation may support these types of memories，but not ones requiring explicit verbal descriptions.是说婴幼儿时期大脑的生理成熟程度，足以支持形成这种（motor activities that they had seen or done earlier）记忆，不足以支持形成那种需要清晰地语言描述的记忆。
注意：文中说的是婴幼儿时期的大脑生理成熟水平还不足以支持形成这种记忆，并没有说对这种记忆的形成不重要，可能这种需要语言描述的记忆的形成需要更高的生理成熟度。
不知道描述清楚了没有。
另外，四个选择中除了A之外都限制了讨论的是young children，唯独A没有。

glly7UID: 2675646

tpo5
Paragraph7: Fossil formations like the Burgess Shale show that evolution cannot always be thought of as a slow progression. The Cambrian explosion involved rapid evolutionary diversification, followed by the extinction of many unique animals. Why was this evolution so rapid? No one really knows. Many zoologists believe that it was because so many ecological niches were available with virtually no competition from existing species. Will zoologists ever know the evolutionary sequences in the Cambrian explosion? Perhaps another ancient fossil bed of soft-bodied animals from 600-million-year-old seas is awaiting discovery.
       
        12 What can be inferred from Paragraph7 about why the Cambrian explosion is so unusual?（unusual的同义词？）
        It generated new ecological niches through the extinction of many unique animals.
        It was a period of rapid evolution, and evolution is often thought of as a slow process.
        It is a period whose evolutionary sequences are clearly marked.
        It generated a very large number of ancient fossil beds containing soft-bodied animals.

glly7UID: 2675646

tpo5
Paragraph7: Fossil formations like the Burgess Shale show that evolution cannot always be thought of as a slow progression. The Cambrian explosion involved rapid evolutionary diversification, followed by the extinction of many unique animals. Why was this evolution so rapid? No one really knows. Many zoologists believe that it was because so many ecological niches were available with virtually no competition from existing species. Will zoologists ever know the evolutionary sequences in the Cambrian explosion? Perhaps another ancient fossil bed of soft-bodied animals from 600-million-year-old seas is awaiting discovery.
       
        12 What can be inferred from Paragraph7 about why the Cambrian explosion is so unusual?（unusual的同义词？）
        It generated new ecological niches through the extinction of many unique animals.
        It was a period of rapid evolution, and evolution is often thought of as a slow process.
        It is a period whose evolutionary sequences are clearly marked.
        It generated a very large number of ancient fossil beds containing soft-bodied animals.

wyacUID: 2633619

tpo5
Paragraph7: Fossil formations like the Burgess Shale show that evolution cannot always be thought of as a slow progression. The Cambrian explosion involved rapid evolutionary diversification, fo ...
glly7 发表于 2010-2-10 00:19

LS注意看本段第一句Fossil formations show that evolution cannot always be thought of as a slow progression.这句话说，进化并不总像以前认为的是一个缓慢的过程。本段后面Why was this evolution so rapid? 又提到为什么这次进化如此迅速？可以看出，进化通常是一个缓慢的过程，而这一次进化非常迅速，这也正是它unusual的地方。

winterflyfeiUID: 2689736

来自文勇的新托福精选阅读（原黄金29篇）真题[2010年1月27日5.5版本]第23篇：Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction(官方模考题)

Paragraph 7: Earth is a target in a cosmic shooting gallery, subject to random violent events that were unsuspected a few decades ago. In 1991 the United States Congress asked NASA to investigate the hazard posed today by large impacts on Earth. The group conducting the study concluded from a detailed analysis that impacts from meteorites can indeed be hazardous. Although there is always some risk that a large impact could occur, careful study shows that this risk is quite small.


11. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○Until recently, nobody realized that Earth is exposed to unpredictable violent impacts from space.
○In the last few decades, the risk of a random violent impact from space has increased.
○Since most violent events on Earth occur randomly, nobody can predict when or where they will happen.
○A few decades ago, Earth became the target of random violent events originating in outer space.


答案选1，我选3.

不明白这句话到底要表达什么意思了。。。请教各位大虾~

wyacUID: 2633619

来自文勇的新托福精选阅读（原黄金29篇）真题[2010年1月27日5.5版本]第23篇：Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction(官方模考题)

Paragraph 7: Earth is a target in a cosmic shooting gallery, subject to  ...
winterflyfei 发表于 2010-2-10 21:50

Earth is a target in a cosmic shooting gallery, subject to random violent events that were unsuspected a few decades ago.这句话是说：地球是宇宙射击场的一个靶子，容易受到随机暴力事件的攻击，这个事实在数十年前未曾料到。这里关键的是对unsuspected这个词的理解，它有“不容质疑”的意思，同时也有“未曾料到”的意思，这里应该是后者。
1选项是对这句话的同义转述
3选项是错误转述，因为这种暴力事件显然不是在地球上发生的。

winterflyfeiUID: 2689736

Earth is a target in a cosmic shooting gallery, subject to random violent events that were unsuspected a few decades ago.这句话是说：地球是宇宙射击场的一个靶子，容易受到随机暴力事件的攻击，这个事实在 ...
wyac 发表于 2010-2-11 02:20

既然是十几年前，人们始料未及，那么为何是until recently,nobody realized？

wyacUID: 2633619

既然是十几年前，人们始料未及，那么为何是until recently,nobody realized？
winterflyfei 发表于 2010-2-11 16:41

数十年前人们未曾料到这个事实，意味着近XX年来人们才认识到它，这个recently是相对的，可以说近几天以来、近几个月以来、近几年以来或近几十年以来，具体应用到人类对地球的认识这个过程来说，人们可能需要几十年才能认清一个事实，用到recently表示最近几十年来也是可以的。这是我的理解，欢迎探讨。
况且，这种题完全可以用排除法来做，其他这个选择有明显的错误。