Issue28红尘笑沧桑作文互改小组第5周周2作业

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1.12

题目：ARGUMENT161 - In a study of reading habits of Leeville citizens conducted by the University of Leeville, most respondents said they preferred literary classics as reading material. However, a follow-up study conducted by the same researchers found that the type of book most frequently checked out of each of the public libraries in Leeville was the mystery novel. Therefore, it can be concluded that the respondents in the first study had misrepresented their reading habits.
字数：152
用时：00:18:04

日期：2010/1/11 19:08:06
In the argument, the arguer concludes that the respondents in the first study had misrepresented their reading habits. To support his conclusion, he cites the first study of reading habits if Leeville citizens conducted by the University of Leeville and most respondents preferred literary classics as reading material. Then he points out the study by the same researchers found that the type of book most frequently checked out of the public libraries was the mystery novel. At the first sight, the argument seems reasonable. Yet, further scrutiny shows that there are some flaws in several respects.
First, the arguer failed to provide sufficient information about the first study, such as how many people were in the study, how old they are and so forth. Different people have different reading habits. The arguer should provide the details of the study to assure us that the study is typical reading habits of Leeville citizens.
Secondly, the arguer failed to consider the time period between these two studies and he did not take into account the different answers of different respondents. On one hand, it is possible that the reading habits of the respondents might have changed during a long time between these two studies. On the other hand, the arguer drew the conclusion on the assumption that the researchers surveyed the same group of people. However, in the argument, he did not mention anything about this.
Thirdly, the arguer provided no evidence to analyze why the result of the second study is different from the first one. He failed to consider other ways of reading literary classic books. Perhaps some of the respondents in the first study prefer to read the literary classics in libraries or they bought lots of books in the bookstores instead of borrowing the books from the library.
In conclusion, the assertion that respondents in the first study misrepresented their reading habits is unconvincing. To strengthen the argument, the author should provide more details about the two studies and he should analyze other alternatives in the second study. To better evaluate the argument, we should need to know the length of time between the two studies and the availability of literary classic compared to mystery novels at Leeville’s public libraries.
题目：ISSUE28 - "Students should memorize facts only after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Students who have learned only facts have learned very little."
字数：397+passage three 526

日期：2010/1/12 16:47:32
提纲： 1. 肯定记忆事实的重要性，列举一些学科确实需要记忆知识。
2. 同时说明事实背后所隐含的意义和概念对于理解知识也有促进作用，可是不能在理解了这些含义之后再记忆事实。
3. 支出正确的方法：根据不同的情况来决定记忆事实和理解内涵的顺序。
4. 进一步得出结论：背诵和学习概念相结合才能更好的学习和理解知识。
The author asserts that students who have learned only facts have learned very little. I agree with the necessity of learning facts. Yet, the author contends that students should memorize facts only after they have studied the ideas, trends and concepts that explain those facts. I have different ideas about his latter contention.
On the one hand, memorizing facts is essential for the students' learning. Facts are knowledge which many ancestors or scholars experimented before and it is the fruits of human's wisdom. For students who major in different subjects, memorizing facts plays a favorable impact on their learning and understanding . Students who major in French, or other foreign languages, are supposed to memorize the basic irregular verb forms instead of studying the ideas or concepts about the facts. Therefore, memorizing facts is the first step which guides students to understand what they are learning.
On the other hand, studying the ideas, trends, and concepts will enhance students' better understanding of facts. Ideas, trends, and concepts are usually refined from facts which reflect the details of facts. Therefore, if one studied the ideas and concept of facts, he will have full perspectives about facts which will promote his learning efficiency. Meanwhile, if one concerns too much on the facts ignoring the concepts, he will not use facts flexibly. I had a classmate in high school, he got great grades every time in the test and we all admired him so much. However, he failed in a chemical experiment, which really surprised us. The reason why he didn't do well in the experiment is that he cannot put what he learnt into practice.
However, should studying the ideas and concepts precede memorizing facts? I disagree with the author for the following reason. Without memorizing facts, one does not have general ideas about theories, which will impede the development of the new theories. For instance, consider the task of memorizing the periodic table of elements which any student can memorize without any knowledge of chemistry. The speaker might advise students to first learn about the historical trends leading to the discovery of elements, or to learn about the concepts of altering chemical compounds to certain reactions before studying the periodic table of elements. Yet, without familiarity with the basic knowledge of chemistry, students would be confused at the beginning learning of chemistry and this will lead students to learn little.
How can we make good use of facts and the ideas that explain these facts? In my point, we should combine memorizing facts and studying the ideas together according to different subjects and different realms so that they can support each other and promote the development of each other, such as in the realm of history, one should pay more emphases on memorizing facts. In the realm of science, one should study not only the facts but also the ideas.
In sum, in some realms in a society, such as mathematics, history, we should memorize facts more than studying the ideas while in other realms, we should combine memorizing facts and studying ideas together so that they can be the guidepost on the way of our studying.